Alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours.
Alison是第一個開始并且已經(jīng)滑了整整5個小時。
I’m talking to you from the Hilltop School Skating Marathon.
For every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.每滑一個小時，每位學(xué)生可為慈善事業(yè)籌集10元錢。
Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster. In fact I think it’s probably my favorite.
謝謝你送我的怪物雪球儀。事實上，我想它可能是我的最愛。
My mom says I have to stop, because we’ve run out of room to store them.
媽媽說我必須停止了，因為我們已經(jīng)沒有地方來存放他們了。
The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my twelfth birthday.
我得到的第一個雪球儀是我十二歲生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球儀。
I particularly love globes with animals. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.
我特別喜歡動物雪球儀。如果你知道其他人收集他們的話，請告訴我們。
By the way, what’s your hobby?
I’m interested in the job as a writer.
The school newspaper needs a writer. We will give you different topics to choose from. To get the job, please answer these four questions.
校報需要一個撰稿人。我們會給你一些不同的話題來選擇。要得到這份工作，請回答這樣四個問題。
How many Chinese dynasties can you think of? 你能想起多少中國朝代？
Can you think of famous characters from the history of other countries? Make a list.
從其他國家歷史中，你能記起一些著名人物嗎？列個表。
In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago and were welcomed by the Song Emperor.
事實上，第一批猶太人可能在一千多年前就來到開封而且受到宋朝皇帝的歡迎。
There is some European influence in the city, and some of the old buildings in Harbin are in Russian style.這個城市有歐洲文化的影響，而且哈爾濱的一些老建筑還是俄羅斯風(fēng)格的。
For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese culture, the more I enjoy living in China.
對于一個像我一樣的外國人來說，我對中國文化了解越多，我就越喜歡住在中國。
And although I live quite far from Beijing, I’m certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008.
盡管我住得離北京很遠(yuǎn)，但我相信2008年奧運(yùn)會我一定在這兒。
本單元語法講解
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時：表示從過去某時開始到現(xiàn)在這一段時間里一直在延續(xù)的動作。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行式結(jié)構(gòu)：have / has +been+ doing/
1．I have been writing the letter since then.從那時起我一直在寫這封信。（動作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)）
2．I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自從10年前我就收集郵票了（動作從過去一直現(xiàn)在還在收集）。
3． How long have you been living here?你在這兒已經(jīng)住了多長時間了。（“居住”動作從過去一直現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)）
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：
1現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時比現(xiàn)在完成時更強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性：
2如果沒有時間強(qiáng)調(diào)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示動作仍在進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在完成時則表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，
3現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時一般不適用于表狀態(tài)的動詞，而現(xiàn)在完成時則可：
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
turn… down/turn… up 關(guān)小聲/調(diào)大聲音（電器）
turn… on/ turn …off打開/關(guān)閉（電器）
move the bike 移動自行車
in a minute/right away/in no time 立刻,馬上
be late for school/class=arrive late for school上學(xué)/上課遲到
wait in line=stand in line 排隊等候
cut in line=jump a queue 插隊
get mad/annoyed 變得生氣
happen to sb 發(fā)生在…身上 half an hour半小時
at first 首先 at last=in the end=finally 最后
allow sb. to do /not to do sth. 允許某人做/不做某事
be allowed to do /not to do sth.某人不被允許某人做/不做某事
in public當(dāng)眾地；公開地；公然地in public places在公共場所
break the rule 不遵守規(guī)則 pick… up 撿起 put …out 熄滅 drop litter 扔垃圾
keep the voice down 控制聲音
do the dishes put on another pair of jeans be at a meeting help me in the kitchen
make some posters clothing store follow…around want to be polite
stand in the subway door cut in line
stand close to .. have different ideas about
feel uncomfortable in all situations in public places
本單元目標(biāo)句型：
Would you mind cleaning the yard?你介意打掃院子嗎?
Not at all. I’ll do it right away. 一點(diǎn)也不. 我馬上就掃.
Would you mind not playing baseball here.你介意不要在這打棒球嗎? Would you mind giving me a smaller one?
Sorry, we’ll go and play in the park.對不起，我們到公園去打.Could you (please) make dinner? 請做晚飯好嗎?
That’s no problem. 沒問題.
Could you (please) not feed the dog?=Would you mind not feeding the dog?= Would you (please) not feed the dog?=Please don’t feed the dog, will you?請不要喂狗好嗎?
If you finish these tasks, we can go to a movie tonight.
Your barber gave you a terrible haircut.
The store clerk gave you the wrong size.
The waitress brought you the wrong food.
The pen you bought didn’t work.
You ordered a hamburger with French fries but only got a hamburger.
We asked some people what annoyed them. Here’s what they said.
I don’t like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation.
This happens to me all the time in the school library.
Perhaps in the future I should try not to be so polite.
The way people behave is different in different cultures and situations.
Sometimes, rules of etiquette are the same almost everywhere.
We might want to ask someone to behave more politely if we see them breaking a rule of etiquette.
Etiquette means normal and polite social behavior.
This may seem like a difficult word at first, but it can be very useful to understand.
In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public if possible.
People don’t usually like to be criticized, so we have to be careful how we do this.
看到有人抽煙你可以說：Could you please put out that cigarette?
看到有人亂丟垃圾你可以說：Would you mind picking it up?
看到有人插對你可以說：Sorry, would you mind joining the line?
常見動名詞、分詞的習(xí)慣用法
使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進(jìn)行時態(tài)中。如：1.He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：We have fun learning English this term. They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞后面。如：Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball？What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么樣?I am interested in playing football.
在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中
enjoy doing sth喜歡做某事；
finish doing th；完成做某事；
feel like doing sth 想要做某事；
stop doing sth 停止做某事（原來的事）
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事；
go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事（原來的事）；
、remember doing sth 記得做過某事；
like doing sth 喜歡做某事；
find /see/hear/watch sb doing發(fā)現(xiàn)/看到/聽到/觀看某人做
try doing sth 試圖做某事；
need doing sth 需要做某事；
prefer doing sth 寧愿做某事；
mind doing sth 介意做某事；
miss doing sth 錯過做某事；
practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事；
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事；
can't help doing sth禁不住做某事；
waste time/money doing浪費(fèi)時間/金錢做…;
keep sb.doing讓…始終/一直做…
stop sb.(from)doing阻止某人做某事
prefer doing B to doing B=like A better than A喜歡做A更喜歡做B
“do some +doing”短語
如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking
“go doing”短語 去做某事（主要指文娛活動等）
如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打獵)
.注意動詞的過去分詞的常見搭配:
I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost
Keep…closed/ a boy called/named Tom
Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?
fall asleep入睡 give… away贈送；分發(fā)
rather than 寧愿…而不是，勝于
would do…rather than do 寧愿…不愿做hear of… 聽說
make friends with 和……交友 photo album 像冊
too personal 太私人化
not interesting\special \creative enough不夠有趣
make a special meal 做一頓特別的飯
an 8-year-old child 一個8的孩子
these days 最近 not…at all 根本不
different kinds of不同種類 make her happy 使她高興
someone else 別人（else總是后置）
improve English提高英語in different ways以不同的方式 encourage sb to do 鼓勵某人做
make(great) progress取得進(jìn)步
take an interest in/be interested in 對……感興趣
on my twelfth\twentieth birthday a goldfish—two goldfish
a pig named\called Connie from across China
enter a test by singing popular English songs
come from all age groups
the winner of the women’s competition win the prize
try to speak English more
a spokesperson from the Olympic Committee hear of
many other fun ways to learn English
make friends with a native speaker of English
find a good way to learn to learn English
本單元目標(biāo)句型：
What should I get my mom for her birthday?我應(yīng)該為我的媽媽買什么?
Why don’t you/Why not buy /What about buying/How about buying a scarf? 為什么不買條圍巾呢?
What’s the best gift you have ever received?你曾收到的最好禮物是什么?
What a lucky guy! 多幸運(yùn)的家伙!
I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child.
Really? I don’t agree. Dogs are too difficult to take care of.
What are advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet?
The trendiest kind of pet these days is the pot-bellied pig.
Pot-bellied pigs make the best pets.
However, life with a pig isn’t always perfect.
Now she is too big to sleep in the house, so I made her a special pig house.
The movie was boring. I fell asleep half way through it.
13. A leaf from a tree is enough to make her very happy.
Gift giving is different in different countries.
The same gift may be given away to someone else.
In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than
buy them gifts.
In Sweden, doing something for someone is the best gift. People don’t need to spend too much money. Instead, making a meal is enough.
China will be the host for the 2008 Olympics and so many Chinese people try to improve their English in different ways.
China will hold the….
Nearly all the singers sang very clearly, and looked comfortable on stage.
Some of these singers were able to sing English songs just as well as native speakers.
She said that singing English songs made her more interested in learning English.
He agrees that it is a good idea to have fun with English.
It suggests ways for Beijingers to take an interest in learning English.
常見動詞不定式詞組、句型用法
.固定用法(非謂語動詞)：以下是帶to的動詞不定式常見搭配
★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★決定做某事decide to do sth.★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.
★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth
★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do
★準(zhǔn)備做某事get/be ready to do
★盡力/努力做某事try to do sth
★做某事plan to do sth. ★不得不have to do
★輪流做某事take one’s turns to do sth.
★拒絕做某事refuse to do sth.
★告訴某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.
★請某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth.
★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth.
★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
★喜歡/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.
★幫助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
★encourage sb to do鼓勵某人做
★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard.
★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事時候了
例句:It’s time for me to go home.
It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 對于某人來說做某事是……（當(dāng)adj.是表示性格、品德的形容詞時用of）
例句: It is easy for me to learn it well.It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某時間
例句:1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night.
3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.
★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感到做某事是…例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.
★序數(shù)詞+to do 第…..個做某事例句:Who is the first to get there?
我不知/忘記了怎么辦。I didn't know/forgot what to do.
離開房間時不要忘記/記住關(guān)燈
例句:Don’t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that.
I am ready to help others.I am happy/pleased/glad to meet you.
順口溜：本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主表定補(bǔ)賓和狀；樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它不敢；大家千萬要小心，有時它把句型改；作主語時用it，自己在后把身藏；七個感官三使役，賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開；疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當(dāng)；邏輯主語不定式，不定式前加for sb.；to前not是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開。
以下是不帶to的動詞不定式(即動詞原形)的常見用法
let sb. do sth讓某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事
★ hear do sth do sth聽見某人做某事★see do sth do sth看見某人做某事
why not 或why don’t you +動詞原形？為什么不….?（表示建議）例:Why not/Why don’t you take a walk?
某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
情態(tài)動詞can/may /must /should+ 動詞原形（包括情態(tài)動詞的否定形式+動詞原形）
助動詞do/does/did/will/would在構(gòu)成疑問句或者構(gòu)成否定句即don’t /doesn’t /didn’t /will not /would not+ 動詞原形
be going to + 動詞原形（表示“即將”“打算” 做某事）
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
take a ride 兜風(fēng)
take the subwayhave been to, have gone to
on the one hand, on the other hand
a good place to practice your English
outside of Chinaend up 結(jié)束
take a holiday/vacation 度假
all year round 全年 such as 例如
a zoo called/named… 一個叫做……的動物園
during the daytime 在白天
wake up 醒來 wake somebody up 喚醒/叫醒某人
have a great/nice/wonderful/great time 玩得高興
a wonderful place to take a holiday/to visit一個度假/游覽的好地方
an English-speaking country 一個講英語的國家
be asleep=fall asleep 睡著
go on a DISNEY cruise
travel to another province of China
the reasons for learning English
an exchange student
improve my listening skills one….,the other..
Three quarters of the population are Chinese.四分之三的人口是中國人（謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）
What’s the population of China? 中國的人口是多少？（不用how much提問）
the population of China is 1.3 billion中國的人口是13億。（謂動詞用單形式）
本單元目標(biāo)句型：
Me neither.
It’s fun to learn another language.
Disneyland is an amusement park, but we can also call it a theme park.
It has all the normal attractions you can find at an amusement park, but it also has a theme.
the roller coaster is themed with Disney characters.
You can see Disney characters walking around Disneyland all the time.
These are huge boats that also have the Disney theme. You can take a ride on the boat for several days, and you sleep and eat on board.
There are also many attractions on board just like any other Disneyland.
The boat rides all take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.
It is just so much fun in Disneyland.
Here’s what two of our students said about our school.
When I was a young girl, all I ever wanted to do was traveling, and I decided that the best way to do this was to become a flight attendant .
I discovered that the most important requirement was to speak English well, so I studied English at the Hilltop Language School for five years before I became a flight attendant.
It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
It’s all I have ever wanted to be.
However, I know that I have to improve my English, so I have started taking lessons at the school.
Maybe when I leave school I’ll think about becoming an English teacher rather than a tour guide.
What other job is he thinking of doing?
You can rent bicycles at the amusement park.
For many Chinese tourists, this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful place to take a holiday.
Maybe you fear that you won’t be able to find anything to eat in a foreign country.
However, if you ‘re feeling brave, Singapore is an excellent place to try new food.
If you go to see lions, tigers, or foxes during the daytime, they’ll probably a asleep.
One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round..this is because the island is so close to the equator. So you can choose to go whenever you like—spring, summer, or winter.
現(xiàn)在完成時句型舉例：
Have you ever been to an amusement park?你曾經(jīng)去過游樂園嗎?Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.
I have never been there. Me neither=Neither have I. 我也沒有.
Where is he? He has gone to the Beijing.
How long has he been in Beijing? （不能用come/arrive）
I’ve never been to an aquarium. 我從沒去過水族館.
I have been a student here for a year. 我成為這的學(xué)生有一年了. （不能用become）
=I became a student here a year ago.
He has been dead for two years.（不能用die）=he died two years ago.
I have been a teacher since ten years ago(for ten years.) （不能用become）
I have just/ever/already/never seen the movie. Have you ever heard of the man before?
本單元語法講解
現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。本時態(tài)標(biāo)志詞：
already （“已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句中，放在have /has之后或句尾）；
yet （“仍然”“還”，用于疑問句或否定句的句尾）
just（“剛剛”，放在have /has之后）；
before（“以前”，放在句尾）；
ever（“曾經(jīng)”，放在have /has之后）
never （“從沒有”，在have /has之后）
例句：
Our teacher has just left.
We have studied English already.
3.I have not finished the homework yet.
He has never been to Beijing before.
某個動作從過去已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,還有可能持續(xù)到將來.動作的持續(xù)性要通過一段時間來表示一段時間的表達(dá)方法有兩種:
for: +一段時間 for a year for two weeks for three years
Since +過去的某一時刻, since nine since last week
Since +一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句 since you came ; since you got home.
注意：結(jié)束性動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用,但是它們可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞.
直接用延續(xù)性動詞
buy? have；catch(get) a cold ?have a cold；borrow—keep；become—be；put on-- wear
轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞
join the army ? be a soldier；join the Party ?be a Party member；
go to school? be a student
3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞
die—be dead；finish ? be over；begin—be on；leave—be away ； fall sleep ? be asleep close ? be closed come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地—be in(at) +某地
轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語go to school? be in school ； get up_ be up；
現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)常見標(biāo)志詞
already（已經(jīng)）, just（剛剛）, never（從未/從沒有）, ever（曾經(jīng)）, yet（仍然/還）, before（以前（句尾時）
since+點(diǎn)時刻或從句; for+段時間; how long（疑問句中用來提問since/for短語的）
so far；till now；by now（到目前為止；迄今）
recently近來in the past/last+段時間 在過去的幾年中
once(一次)，twice, three(four…) times
It is the+最高級+n.+ (that) sb.have ever done
例：What’s the best gift you have ever received? 你曾收到的最好禮物是什么?
Unit 10 It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
feel like doing=want to do sth. 想做某事
like to do sth./like doing sth. 喜歡做某事
would like to do=want to do 想要做某事
like sb. to do 想要某人做某事
feel like sth. 覺得像….
have a hard/difficult time doing sth 費(fèi)了很大勁做某事
have problem doing sth 做某事有困難
have fun doing sth 樂于做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事（主語是人，強(qiáng)調(diào)主動）
need doing=need to be done 需要被…（主語是物，強(qiáng)調(diào)被動）
例如：I need to do my homework The bike needs
ending/reparing
a thank-you notefor.. 感謝信look through 瀏覽
get along/ on well with 相處得好
at least 至少at most 最多
be careful =look out 當(dāng)心,小心
be careful to do/not to do sth. 小心做/不做某事
cross a street =go across a street 過街（穿過表面） go through 穿過（空間/房間/森林等）
go past 經(jīng)過/路過 come along 跟著來
say in a low/loud voice 小聲地/大聲地說
something cost+錢= something is worth+錢 某物值多少錢
a high/low temperature 高/低溫
the price is high/low 價格高/低
do/try one’s best to do sth.努力/盡力做某事 by noon
look through books in a bookstore
a boy you’ve never seen before.
目標(biāo)句型：反意疑問句句型如下：
注意：以下本單元語法反意疑問句容易考到的幾個句型：
It looks like rain, doesn’t it? Yes, it does./No, it doesn’t看起來要下雨了,是嗎?
He’s really good, isn’t he? 他確實好,是嗎?
You are new here, aren’t you? 你是新來的, 是嗎?
You have never been to Beijing, have you?( never表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)
She has few friends, does she? (few表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)
Tom had little work to do, did he? (little表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)
You can hardly do the work, can you? (hardly表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)
Let’s go home, shall we?
Don’t be late again/Let us go home, will you?(祈使句用will you;但Let’s開頭的用shall we)
Thank you so much for asking/inviting /having me!非常感謝你邀請我
How much does that shirt cost=How much is the shirt?那件襯衣值多少錢?
He sure is.
This is great weather, isn’t it? It sure is. But it’s a little hot for me.
The line is slow, isn’t it?
Their prices are really low, aren’t they?
How big is your apartment?
Did you see the game on TV Friday night?
Sometimes it isn’t easy being the new kid at school.
The video you showed was really fun.
I was having a hard time finding it until you came along.
Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place.
Thanks for the tickets for next week’s game.I’m really happy to have the tickets.
I’ll think of you as we watch the Black Socks win the game.
The traffic is very busy at this time.
I’m going to look through the newspaper for a holiday job.
Be careful to look both ways before you cross the street.
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