一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)(Language Goal)
1.Learn to narrate past events.學(xué)會(huì)描述過去所發(fā)生的事情。
2.Learn to express something with Past Perfect Tense. 學(xué)習(xí)使用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
3.Strengthen the consciousness of doing things regularly.做事加強(qiáng)連續(xù)性,有條不紊。
二、重點(diǎn)詞組(Key phrases)
1.by the time 到…時(shí)候?yàn)?2.get outside 到外邊
3.get to school 到學(xué)校 4.get up 起床
5.get into the shower 去洗澡 6.get home 到家
7.start doing / to do sth. 開始做某事 8.be late for 遲到
9.go off (鬧鐘)鬧響 10.wake up 醒來
11.come out 出來,出現(xiàn) 12.run off 迅速離開,跑掉
13.on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) 14.in time 及時(shí)
15.come by (走)過來 16.give sb. a ride 讓某人搭車
17.break down 損壞,壞掉 18.show up 出席,露面
19.stay up 熬夜 20.a(chǎn) costume party 一個(gè)化裝舞會(huì)
21.sth. happen to sb. 某事發(fā)生在某人身上 22.so …that … 如此…以至于
23.set off 出發(fā),開始 24.April Fool's Day 愚人節(jié)
25.get married 結(jié)婚 26.marry sb. 與某人結(jié)婚
27.both …and … 二者…都… 28.get dressed 穿好衣服29.on the first day 在第一天
三、[交際用語]
1.By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
2.By the ti me she went outside, the bus had already gone
3.By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching.
4.When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home
5.Have you ever overslept? 6.Have you ever been late for school?
四、[重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)釋義](Language Point s)
1.get to 意為“到達(dá)”。例如:When did you get there last night? 你昨晚什么時(shí)候到那兒的?
I get home at 7:00 every day. 我每天7:00到家。
When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
我到電影院時(shí),電影已經(jīng)開始了。
辨析:get, arrive與reach
這三個(gè)詞都可以用來表示“到達(dá)”,但是用法不同。
(1)get和arrive都是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后只能跟表示地點(diǎn)的副詞,若是跟名詞則須再加介詞,即get to +地點(diǎn)名詞,arrive in / at +地點(diǎn)名詞(in 之后跟表示大地方的詞,at之后跟表示小地方的詞)。若是只說“到達(dá)”,而不指出到達(dá)哪里,則只能用arrive。例如:[來源:Z。xx。k.Com]
How did you get / arrive there? 你怎么到那兒的?
I got to / arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday. 我前天到的北京。
When do you often get to / arrive at school? 你經(jīng)常什么時(shí)候到校?
When will you arrive? 你什么時(shí)候到?
(2)reach為及物動(dòng)詞,其后既可跟名詞也可跟副詞。例如:
I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.我前天到的北京。
We reached here on foot. 我們步行到這兒的。
3.I've never been late for school, but yesterday I came v ery close.
我上學(xué)從未遲到過,但是昨天差一點(diǎn)兒就遲到了。
(1)I've 是I have的縮寫,have been late是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是指一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能繼續(xù)下去,而且對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了一定的影響,其構(gòu)成是have / has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞。例如:
I have been here since 1999.自1999年以來我就在這兒。
We have lived in Jinan for 20 years. 我們已經(jīng)在濟(jì)南住了20年了。
She hasn't worked for 2 years 她已2年不工作了。
(2)be late for 意為“……遲到”,for為介詞,所以其后須跟名詞。例如:
Don't be late for the meeting. 開會(huì)別遲到了。
Jim was late for school again. 吉姆上學(xué)又遲到了。
Tom has been late for classes twice. 湯姆上課已經(jīng)遲到兩次了。
(3)close在此為副詞“接近地,靠近地”。此外came very close意為“到時(shí)與遲到很接近”。
4.My alarm clock didn't go off, … 鬧鐘沒有大響……
go off 意為“爆發(fā),大響”。例如:
Although the alarm clock went off, he didn't w ake up.雖然鬧鐘大響,但是他還是沒有醒來。
5.…and I had to wait for him to come out.……我不得不等他出來。
wait 是不及物動(dòng)詞“等待,等候”的意思。可以用于詞組wait for sb.“等某人”,wait to do sth.“等著做某事”,wait for sb. to do sth.“等某人做某事”。例如:
Who are you waiting for? 你在等誰?
They can't wait to open the presents.他們迫不及待地打開禮物。
You can wait for him to help you.你可以等著他幫你。
6.Unfortunately, by the time I got there, the bus had already left.
不幸的是,我到那兒的時(shí)候,公交車已經(jīng)走了。
unfortunately 是副詞“不幸地”,是由fortunately加否定前綴“un”構(gòu)成的。英語中有一部分詞在詞首或詞尾加上前綴或后綴就可以變成另外一個(gè)詞。如:lucky(幸運(yùn)的)-unlucky(不幸的),use(用)-useful(有用的),forget(忘記)-forgetful(健忘的),un作前綴表示“not”的含義,即“un”是一個(gè)否定前綴。例如:fit(合適的)-unfit(不合適的),fair (公平的)-unfair(不公平的),known(聞名的)-unknown(不聞名的)等。
7.Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dad's car and they gave me a ride.
幸運(yùn)的是,我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐著他爸爸的車經(jīng)過,他們讓我搭了個(gè)便車。
(1)come by 意為“經(jīng)過,走過;獲得,獲有”。例如:
Please let the car come by.請(qǐng)讓車過去。
Good jobs are not easy to come by. 好工作不容易找到。[來源:學(xué)*科*網(wǎng)Z*X*X*K]
(2)give sb. a ride 意為“讓某人搭便車”。ride在此為名詞“搭車,乘車”的意思。get a ride 意為“搭便車”。例如:
Can you give me a ride, Jack? 杰克,能讓我搭個(gè)便車嗎?
I want to get a ride. 我想搭個(gè)便車。
8.I only just made it to my class.我恰好到教室。
make it 意為“成功了,做成了”。這里指的是沒有遲到,準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。例如:
-Have you got the job? -你得到那份工作了嗎?
-Yes, I made it. -是的,我成功了。
9.Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?
你曾忘了把作業(yè)帶到學(xué)校嗎? 辨析:forget to do 與forget doing
forget to do 指的是“忘了去做……”,即該事還未做;而forget doing 則指“忘了做了……”,即該事已經(jīng)做完。例如:
Don't forget to turn off lights when you go out. 出去時(shí)別忘了關(guān)燈。
Sorry, I forgot to bring the books again. 對(duì)不起,我又忘了帶書來了。
10.What happened to David on April Fool's Day?
愚人節(jié)那天,大衛(wèi)出什么事了嗎?
(1)happen to sb. 意為“某人怎么了,發(fā)生在某人身上”。例如:
11.Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country.
Welles 是如此地讓人信任,以致于成百上千的人都相信了這個(gè)故事,進(jìn)而激起了全國性的恐慌。
(1)So …that…句型中,so后面應(yīng)加一個(gè)形容詞或副詞,意為“如此……以至于……”
e.g. This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it.
這本書是如此的有趣以至于全班同學(xué)都想看看。(so+形容詞)
He ran so fa st that I couldn't catch up with him.
他跑得那么快,以致于我跟不上他。(so+副詞)
So…that引導(dǎo)的是表示結(jié)果的狀語從句,但不“一 定要死套”“如此……以至于”的模式來譯成漢語。
e.g. It was so dark that he couldn't see the faces of his companions.
天太黑了,他不能看見同伴的臉。
(2)so that 主要用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。其從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常和can,may,should等情 態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用,而且主句和從句之間不使用逗號(hào),意為“以便,使能夠”。
e.g. They set out early so that they might arrive in time
他們?cè)缭绲爻霭l(fā)以便按時(shí)到達(dá)。
Let's take the front seats so that we may see more clearly.
我們坐在前排吧,以便可以看得更清楚。
(3)set off 意為“出發(fā),開始;引爆;襯托”。例如:
They'll set off on a journey around the world.
他們將要出發(fā)環(huán)球旅行。
Use blue eye-shadow to set off your green eyes.
用藍(lán)色眼影襯托你的綠眼睛。
12.…because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti.[來源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]
……因?yàn)樯a(chǎn)意大利面條的農(nóng)民停止了生產(chǎn)。[來源:Zxxk.Com]
13.She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married.
她震驚了,因?yàn)樗拇_想結(jié)婚。
(1)thrill為動(dòng)詞“震顫,使激動(dòng)”,多用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)be thrilled,表示“很感動(dòng),受到震顫的”。例如:[來源:學(xué)?。網(wǎng)Z。X。X。K]
We were thrilled with joy.我們高興極了。
She was thrilled at the good news.她聽到那個(gè)好消息很興奮。
(3)marry為動(dòng)詞“嫁,娶,結(jié)婚”。表示“嫁給某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用marry sb.。
另外,詞組get married 意為“結(jié)婚”,但這是一個(gè)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,即它不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。be married 也可以用來表示“結(jié)婚”,它是一個(gè)延續(xù)性詞組,可以與表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。例如:
John is going to marry Jane 約翰要和簡(jiǎn)結(jié)婚了。
Henry didn't marry until he was over fifty.亨利直到過了50歲才結(jié)婚。
五、語法知識(shí)
1.Past perfect Tense 過去完成時(shí)
構(gòu)成:had+過去分詞(had沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化)
過去完成時(shí)可以表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。也就是說發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。既然過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間之前,那么,使用過去完成時(shí)就必須先有這樣一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間。
e.g. I had finished my homework before supper. 我在晚飯前把作業(yè)做完了。
句中的supper既是過去某一時(shí)間,而had finished 這一動(dòng)作就是在supper 之前完成的。如果只說I had finished my homework.聽者會(huì)覺得難以理解。由此可見,過去完成時(shí)是個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),它不能離開過去的時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。
e.g. By the end of that year Henry had collected more than one thousand foreign stamps.
到那年年底,亨利已經(jīng)收集了一千多張外國郵票。( 過去時(shí)間是the end of that y ear)
e.g. When we got there, the football match had already started.
當(dāng)我們到那里時(shí),足球比賽已經(jīng)開始了。(過去時(shí)間是when從句)
動(dòng)詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成與一般過去式的構(gòu)成相似,一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed,特殊動(dòng)詞須特殊記憶,如:have?had?had,get?got?gotten,begin?began?begun,leave?left?left,go?went?gone等。例如:
She had learnt 2000 English words by the end of last month.
到上個(gè)月末,她已經(jīng)學(xué)了2000個(gè)英語單詞了。
I hadn't learnt Japanese before I went to Japan.
我去日本之前沒學(xué)過日語。
注意:過去完成時(shí)的否定句和疑問句直接通過had的變化即可。
2.when 和by the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
by the time 到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹,指?過去某一點(diǎn)到,從句所示的時(shí)間為止,這一時(shí)間段。when當(dāng)……時(shí)候,指過去的某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句為過去完成時(shí)。
e.g. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
到她起床的時(shí)候,她的弟弟已經(jīng)去洗澡間了。
By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone
到她走到外面的時(shí)候,公共汽車已經(jīng)走了。
When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home
當(dāng)她到學(xué)校的時(shí)候,她意識(shí)到她把書包放在家里了。
(在這 句話中,過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)為“到!钡臅r(shí)候,“她把書包放在家里”則發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。)
本文來自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/chusan/66093.html
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