一項新的研究顯示，孩子發(fā)脾氣父母卻躲在智能手機里，從長遠來看，可能會使事情變得更糟。
The study, of 183 couples with young children, found that stressed-out parents often turned to their electronic devices when dealing with their kids. And when that was a pattern, their kids’ behavior typically worsened over the next several months.
這項對183對有小孩的夫婦進行的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，壓力過大的父母在和孩子打交道時經(jīng)常會求助于電子設(shè)備，當(dāng)這成為一種模式后，他們孩子的行為在接下來的幾個月里通常會惡化。
Researchers said the findings do not prove smartphones are to blame.
研究人員說，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)并不能證明智能手機是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?br />
But they also said the study raises concerns about what some researchers call "technoference" -- where parents are less present for their children because digital devices are constantly vying for their attention.
但他們也表示，這項研究引發(fā)了一些研究人員所謂的“科技干預(yù)”的擔(dān)憂——家長注意力都被電子設(shè)備吸引走了，對孩子的關(guān)注就少了。
"Young children can be hard to ’read’ as it is," said researcher Dr. Jenny Radesky. "It’s really difficult to read them when you’re distracted by something else. In general, when you’re toggling between different things, you’re not as good at any of them."
研究人員珍妮·雷德斯基博士說:“要理解幼兒其實是很難的。”“當(dāng)你被別的事情分散了注意力，你真的就很難去理解他們。通常來說，當(dāng)你在不同的事物之間切換時，你其實一個也不擅長。"
Children, in turn, get frustrated when mom and dad appear to be withdrawing from them into a device. "They may learn that they have to act out to get attention," said Radesky, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Michigan Medical School, in Ann Arbor.
反過來，當(dāng)爸爸媽媽似乎要把自己沉迷在電子設(shè)備里時，孩子也會感到沮喪。伊南阿伯密歇根大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院兒科助理教授雷德斯基說:“他們可能意識到，他們必須采取行動以吸引(家長的)注意力�！�
However, that doesn’t necessarily mean smartphones and other devices are the root of the problem, according to Yamalis Diaz, a clinical assistant professor of child and adolescent psychiatry at NYU Langone Health, in New York City.
不過，紐約市紐約大學(xué)朗格健康學(xué)院兒童和青少年精神病學(xué)臨床助理教授雅瑪利·迪亞茲說，這并不一定意味著智能手機和其他設(shè)備是問題的根源。
Parents who are having trouble managing their children’s behavior -- for various reasons -- may be the ones most likely to constantly check their phones, said Diaz, who was not involved in the study.
迪亞茲說，管理孩子的行為有困難的父母——由于多種原因——可能是最有可能經(jīng)常查看手機的人。迪亞茲并沒有參與這項研究。
Device use, she explained, may be a "symptom" of a broader issue.
她解釋說，設(shè)備使用可能是更廣泛問題的一個“癥狀”。
That said, there are reasons to be concerned about today’s mobile technology.
那也就是說，對于現(xiàn)在的手機移動科技，有許多因素要考慮。
Parents have long turned to media -- a TV show or a book -- to get a break from their kids, Radesky said.
雷德斯基說，父母早已轉(zhuǎn)向媒體——電視節(jié)目或書籍——以便讓自己在照顧孩子之余放松一下。
But mobile devices can interfere with parent-child interactions anytime, anywhere. Plus, they are simply more absorbing than books or TV, because they "contain your whole life," Radesky added.
但是移動設(shè)備可以隨時隨地干擾親子互動。此外，它們比書籍或電視更吸引人，因為它們“涵蓋了你全部的生活”，雷德斯基補充道。
"It’s your email, it’s your work, it’s the news," she said. "There are social demands, because you’re expected to be responsive to other people on social media."
她說:“你有電子郵件要處理，有工作要做，有新聞要看。有許多社會需求，因為你得對社交媒體上的其他人做出響應(yīng)�！�
Diaz agreed that the pull of mobile technology is an issue. "We are concerned about decreased quality in parent-child interactions because of technology use -- in both parents and kids," she said.
迪亞茲也認為移動科技的吸引力是個問題。她說:“我們擔(dān)心科技的使用會降低親子互動的品質(zhì)——無論是對父母還是對孩子來說�！�
But it’s not just that life demands are forcing parents to be on their phones: As the study suggests, many parents may use devices as a buffer against parenting stress.
然而，不僅僅是生活需求迫使父母沉迷于手機，研究表明，許多父母可能會使用手機來緩解養(yǎng)育孩子的壓力。
If you’re home all day with the kids, Radesky said, it can be a relief to "see what’s going on in the adult world."
雷德斯基說，如果你一整天都在家?guī)Ш⒆�，那么“看看成人的世界里發(fā)生了什么”會是一種解脫。
However, Diaz said, if parents are habitually "hiding in their phones" because of stress, they need to figure out the true source of that stress.
不過迪亞茲說，如果父母因為壓力而習(xí)慣性地“躲在手機里”，他們需要找出真正的壓力源。
The study, published online recently in the journal Pediatric Research, involved couples with a child younger than 6. Parents were surveyed three times over six months about their device use during time with their kids; levels of parenting stress; and whether their children had behavioral issues like restlessness, being easily frustrated, or throwing temper tantrums.
這項研究最近在網(wǎng)上發(fā)表在《兒科研究》雜志上，研究對象是有6歲以下小孩的夫婦。在六個月的時間里，父母被調(diào)查過三次，了解他們和孩子在一起時使用電子設(shè)備的情況;育兒壓力水平;他們的孩子是否有躁動不安、容易沮喪或發(fā)脾氣等行為問題。
Almost all parents said their device use interrupted time with their kids at least once a day, the researchers found.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，幾乎所有的父母都表示，他們陪伴孩子的時間里，每天至少會有一次被電子設(shè)備打斷。
In general, the study found, parents were more stressed when their kids had more behavior problems. Those stressed parents were more likely to use devices during family time. And parents’ device use, in turn, was linked to worsening behavioral problems over time.
總的來說，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)孩子有更多的行為問題時，父母壓力更大。那些壓力大的父母更有可能在親子時間里使用電子設(shè)備。隨著時間的推移，設(shè)備使用反過來又與行為問題惡化有關(guān)。
It’s not that parents need to ditch their phones, or be "100 percent responsive" to their kids all the time, according to Radesky. But having device-free family time each day is crucial.
雷德斯基說，這并不是說父母需要扔掉手機，或者一直對孩子“百分百的響應(yīng)”。但是每天都有不被電子設(shè)備所干擾的親子時間是至關(guān)重要的。
Diaz agreed. "Have some concentrated, quality time together to show your child that you’re present and responsive," she advised.
迪亞茲認同這個觀點�！坝幸恍┘械摹�(yōu)質(zhì)的時間在一起，讓你的孩子看到你在陪著他，和他互動。”她建議。
It’s also wise, Radesky said, to "build some self-awareness" around your device use: For example, keep track of how much time you spend on phones and computers -- since it can be easy to lose yourself for an hour or more.
雷德斯基說，圍繞你的設(shè)備使用“建立一些自我意識”也是明智的:例如，持續(xù)跟蹤你花在手機和電腦上的時間——因為一個小時或更久會很容易迷失自我。
Radesky also suggested thinking about the types of content that stress you out, or can make you irritable with your kids -- whether that’s work emails, social media or reading the news. Then try avoiding those "triggers" when your kids need your attention.
雷德斯基還建議考慮那些讓你壓力很大或者會讓你對孩子煩躁不安的內(nèi)容——無論是工作郵件、社交媒體還是閱讀新聞。然后當(dāng)你的孩子需要你關(guān)注時，盡量避免那些“觸發(fā)因素”。
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