許多黑洞和中子星等天體被認(rèn)為隱藏在銀河系中，由于它們不能發(fā)出可見光，或是隱藏在塵埃后面，只有通過X射線太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡才能觀測到。
China will soon launch its first X-ray space telescope, the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT), with the aim of surveying the Milky Way to observe celestial sources of X-rays.
中國很快將發(fā)射其第一顆X射線太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡——硬X射線調(diào)制望遠(yuǎn)鏡(HXMT)，以觀察銀河系從而監(jiān)測天體的X射線源。
"Our space telescope has unique capabilities to observe high-energy celestial bodies such as black holes and neutron stars. We hope to use it to resolve mysteries such as the evolution of black holes and the strong magnetic fields of neutron stars," says Zhang Shuangnan, lead scientist of HXMT and director of the Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
中國科學(xué)院粒子天體物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室的負(fù)責(zé)人、HXMT的首席科學(xué)家張雙南表示，“我們的太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡有獨(dú)特的能力來觀察如黑洞和中子星等高能天體，我們希望用它來解決諸如黑洞的演化和中子星的強(qiáng)磁場等問題”。
"We are looking forward to discovering new activities of black holes and studying the state of neutron stars under extreme gravity and density conditions, and the physical laws under extreme magnetic fields. These studies are expected to bring new breakthroughs in physics," says Zhang.
他說，“我們期待著在極端重力和密度條件下發(fā)現(xiàn)黑洞的新活動(dòng)、研究中子星的狀態(tài)，以及在極端磁場下的物理定律。這些研究有望為物理學(xué)帶來新的突破�！�
Compared with X-ray astronomical satellites of other countries, HXMT has larger detection area, broader energy range and wider field of view. These give it advantages in observing black holes and neutron stars emitting bright X-rays, and it can more efficiently scan the galaxy, Zhang says.
他表示，與其他國家的x射線天文衛(wèi)星相比，HXMT具有更大的探測面積、更廣泛的能量范圍和更廣闊的視野，這使得它在觀察黑洞和中子星發(fā)射出的x射線方面更有優(yōu)勢，而且它能更有效地掃描星系。
The telescope will work on wide energy range from 1 to 250 keV, enabling it to complete many observation tasks previously requiring several satellites, according to Zhang.
張介紹，HXMT能在1至250 keV的寬能量范圍內(nèi)工作，它能夠完成以前需要幾顆衛(wèi)星才能完成的觀測任務(wù)。
Other satellites have already conducted sky surveys, and found many celestial sources of X-rays. However, the sources are often variable, and occasional intense flares can be missed in just one or two surveys, Zhang says.
他說，其他衛(wèi)星已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了天空監(jiān)測，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多天體的x射線源。然而，這些來源往往是可變的，偶爾有強(qiáng)烈的耀斑有可能在一兩項(xiàng)調(diào)查中被遺漏。
New surveys can discover either new X-ray sources or new activities in known sources. So HXMT will repeatedly scan the Milky Way for active and variable celestial bodies emitting X-rays.
新的觀測可以發(fā)現(xiàn)新的x射線源或已知來源的新活動(dòng)。因此，HXMT將會(huì)反復(fù)掃描銀河系中的活躍和可變天體發(fā)射的x射線。
Zhang says other countries have launched about 10 X-ray satellites, but they have different advantages and therefore different observation focuses.
他說其他國家已經(jīng)發(fā)射了大約10顆x射線衛(wèi)星，不過它們有著不同的優(yōu)勢，因而有不同的觀測重點(diǎn)。
"There are so many black holes and neutron stars in the universe, but we don’t have a thorough understanding of any of them. So we need new satellites to observe more," Zhang says.
他表示，“宇宙中有著大量的黑洞和中子星，我們卻對(duì)它們沒有全面的認(rèn)識(shí)。因此，我們需要新的衛(wèi)星來觀察更多�！�
How do the black holes or neutron stars accrete matter from companion stars? What causes X-ray flares? These are questions scientists want to answer, and China’s new space telescope might help.
黑洞和中子星是如何從伴星中形成的?導(dǎo)致x射線耀斑的原因是什么?這些都是科學(xué)家們想要回答的問題，而中國新的太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡可能會(huì)有所幫助。
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