The Senegal national football team has attracted worldwide attention in Russia in the past few days and it wasn’t just because they’ve had the only win, so far, for an African nation at the World Cup ? a 2-1 victory over Poland in Group H. Their manager, Aliou Cisse, is the only black person in charge of any of the 32 nations taking part in the tournament, despite the prevalence of black players.
最近幾天，塞內加爾國家隊吸引了全世界的目光。這不僅因為他們小組賽首場比賽2-1戰(zhàn)勝了波蘭，是目前本屆世界杯上唯一贏球的非洲球隊，還因為他們的主教練西塞( Aliou Cisse，施斯)是32支參賽球隊里唯一一名黑人主教練。
“I am the only black coach in this World Cup. That is true, but really these are debates that disturb me,” Cisse told reporters. “I think that football is a universal sport and that the colour of your skin is of very little importance.”
“我是這屆世界杯上唯一的黑人主教練。這是事實，但這些爭論真的在干擾我，”西塞告訴記者�！拔艺J為足球是全世界的運動，你是什么膚色并不是很重要�！�
Cisse’s uniqueness made headlines, but it is far from an exception in the history of the tournament. It is actually the rule.
西塞以唯一一名黑人主教練的姿態(tài)登上頭條，但賽場上其實也有很多黑人球員，這種現(xiàn)象并不是世界杯歷史上的新鮮事，其實是一個慣例。
Expansion of teams, not places
參賽隊伍變多了，但黑人教練沒有
Black managers are a rare sight in World Cups. Even the expansion of the tournament from 24 to 32 teams has not helped.
黑人主教練在世界杯上一向少見。盡管世界杯決賽階段參賽隊伍從24支變成32支，但仍然沒能使情況好轉。
At France 1998, the first of the larger World Cups, there were no black coaches, despite an increase in the number of teams from countries with a majority black population ? African nations, for example, went from three to five spots.
1998年法國世界杯上首次有32支隊伍參加比賽。盡管來自黑人人口為主國家代表隊的數(shù)量增加，比如非洲國家隊伍從三支變?yōu)槲逯В珱]有一名主教練是黑人。
Since then, only seven black professionals have had a chance to lead a campaign. Even the 2019 tournament, hosted by South Africa in a major victory for football on the continent, had a 32-0 score in the dugout.
從那時起到現(xiàn)在，世界杯歷史上只有七名黑人主教練帶隊參加決賽階段角逐。雖然2019年南非世界杯為非洲足球帶來了巨大勝利，但在那屆賽事上都沒有一位教練是黑人。
“We can play, but not lead. Maybe the black man is only made to execute,” Florent Ibenge, the Democratic Republic of Congo coach told news agency AFP in a damning assessment of opportunities.
剛果民主共和國主教練伊本吉(Florent Ibenge)對黑人得到的機會十分不滿�！拔覀兛梢蕴咔颍荒軋�(zhí)教�？赡芎谌司褪菫閳�(zhí)行別人命令而生的吧，”他向法新社表示。
Ibenge, who is still in charge and won the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations, was also referring to the fact that African countries have a tradition of employing white managers, usually seasoned European or South American professionals.
伊本吉現(xiàn)在仍是剛果民主共和國的主教練，曾帶領球隊贏得2019非洲杯冠軍。他還提到非洲國家有聘請白人做主教練的傳統(tǒng)，他們通常會選擇經(jīng)驗豐富的歐洲或南美教練。
Unconscious bias
無意識的偏見
Dutch journalist and writer Simon Kuper, co-author of football book ‘Soccernomics’, argues that the situation is also influenced by unconscious bias.
荷蘭記者兼作家西蒙.庫珀(Simon Kuper)是足球書籍《足球經(jīng)濟學(Soccernomics)》一書的共同作者，他認為這種現(xiàn)象是由無意識的偏見導致的。
“When clubs and football associations hire coaches they are also thinking of PR. They are worried about how the manager will be received, so they go for someone who ‘looks like a manager’ in the end,” Kuper reckons.
“當各家俱樂部和足協(xié)選擇主教練時，他們也在考慮公關宣傳。他們會擔心新的主教練會不會被接受，所以他們會選擇‘看上去像教練’的人，”庫珀說。
“And that means a white man, 40 to 60 years old, and with an alpha male mentality. They play safe, because if clubs or associations go outside the template they will face criticism if results don’t go their way.”
“這就意味著，這個人是白人男性，40歲到60歲之間，同時擁有強勢男性心理。俱樂部和足協(xié)是為穩(wěn)妥起見，因為如果他們找了一個打破常規(guī)的人，他們要在結果不如人意時面臨批評。”
In the book, Simon and co-author Stefan Szymanski present findings showing that managers are much less influential in winning matches than conventional wisdom presumes.
在書中，庫珀與合著者西曼斯基(Stefan Szymanski)發(fā)現(xiàn)，教練對贏球的影響遠低于傳統(tǒng)觀點。
“Cisse did not win the match for Senegal. The players are responsible for 95% of victories. But the manager is the face of the team. Public and media interact with the manager and see him in press conferences. Instead of colour we should also be talking about gender. Because maybe a black woman could be a great manager.”
“為塞內加爾贏球的不是西塞。95%的勝利要歸功于球員。但教練是一個球隊的門面。公眾與媒體都與教練打交道，會在記者會上看到他。除了膚色外，我們還可以討論性別。因為黑人女性也可能會成為很好的教練�！�
New generation
新一代
“But people would laugh if this ever happened. It is a crazy bias, but more unconscious. A striker is never chosen for PR reasons, but the coach or manager is. Sadly, football is not an industry that does a lot reflection. This situation would not stand in other fields,” Kuper says.
“但如果這種事情真的發(fā)生了，人們會笑。這種偏見很瘋狂，但也更是無意識的。人們永遠不會為了公關考慮而決定一個前鋒，但是卻可以這樣決定一教練�？杀氖牵闱虿皇且粋�會在這方面自己反思的行業(yè)，在其他領域這種情況不會被容許，”庫珀說。
Cisse would be excused for dodging controversy when asked about the matter during a World Cup. But the Senegal coach addressed the issue on the eve of the country’s match against Poland.
西塞在世界杯期間被問及這個話題時，大可避開爭議，沒有人會責怪他，但這位塞內加爾主教練仍然選擇在與波蘭的比賽前夕回應了這項爭議。
“Football is a universal sport and I represent a new generation that would like to have its place in African and world football. Beyond being good players, we [Africans] are very good in our tactics and we have the right to be part of the top international matches.”
“足球是一項全世界的運動，我代表了希望在非洲和世界足球中占有一席之地的新一代。我們(非洲人)是優(yōu)秀的球員，技術精湛，我們有權利參加國際頂級賽事。”
本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.yy-art.cn/chuzhong/1252573.html
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