【—之主謂一致】下面是老師為同學(xué)們帶來的對主謂一致的詳細(xì)介紹,供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)的參考。
總結(jié)
在英語中,句子中的謂語動詞在人稱和單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上必須和主語保持一致,這就是我們通常說的“主謂一致”。這一點看似簡單,但在實際運用中卻常常遇到麻煩。一般情況下,主謂之間的一致關(guān)系由以下三個原則的支配: 語法一致原則、 意義一致原則和就近原則。
一、語法一致
主謂一致的原則是指主語和謂語從語法形式上取得一致:主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語也采取單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語亦采取復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如:
He often helps me learn English. (主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語也采取單數(shù)形式) .
My friends often help me learn English. (主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式)
但主語和謂語從語法形式上取得一致的問題遠(yuǎn)不只上述的那么簡單,有許多方面的情況需要去具體地對待:
1、不定式,動名詞,以及從句作主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù).
例如: Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大聲朗讀對學(xué)習(xí)英語是有幫助的。
What he said has been recorded .他說的話已被錄音了.
2、不定代詞one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主語或是修飾主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù).但none 作主語時,謂語動詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù),這要取決于說話人的看法。
例如:Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中沒人喜歡運動.
Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .每個男孩和女孩對這本書都表現(xiàn)出很大的興趣.
3、表示國家,機(jī)構(gòu),事件,作品等名稱的專有名詞作主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù).
例如: One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories . 《一千零一夜》給人們講了許多有趣的故事。
4、 a kind of, the number of等與名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語作主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù).
例如: The number of workers in the factory is 400. 這個工廠里工人的數(shù)量是400.
A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.這座花園里有一種玫瑰香氣怡人.
5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等詞修飾主語,或是由它們自身作主語時應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).另外,由and連接兩個主語時,謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù).
例如: On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海邊,有些人在打排球。
Both of us are fond of watching football games .我們倆都喜歡看足球賽.
A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 許多即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生打算自愿去中國西部工作.
6、有些表示數(shù)量的百分?jǐn)?shù),分?jǐn)?shù)等后面加名詞或代詞作主語時,要根據(jù)這個名詞或代詞來決定其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式.如:a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可數(shù)名詞,或是單數(shù)形式的名詞作主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù);但如果后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語時應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).
例如: A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday. 昨天那家商店丟失了許多錢.
A lot of students are from England in the school.那個學(xué)校里很多學(xué)生來自英國。
二、意義一致
這一原則是指,從意義著眼來解決主謂一致問題.有時主語形式上為單數(shù),但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語依意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而有時主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但意義上卻是單數(shù),那么謂語依意義亦用單數(shù)形式.
1) 當(dāng)主語后面接由but, except, besides ,as well as, as much as, including,more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引導(dǎo)的詞組時,其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式通常由前面的詞來決定。在這樣的句子里,這些詞所引導(dǎo)的詞組不影響主語自身的單,復(fù)數(shù)形式,它們在句子里其實是狀語.
例如: The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老師打算這個周末與學(xué)生們一起去野炊.
The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.學(xué)生們打算這個周末與他們的老師一起去野炊.
我們完全可以將上面句子中的那些詞組都分別搬到句首或是放到句末去,因為它們在句子里是狀語: The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.
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