表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。
去將來(lái)時(shí)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是過(guò)去，即從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻看以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表達(dá)法：
1. would+動(dòng)詞原形
例如：When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you.
2. was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形
例如：He told ustaht he was going to attend the meeting.
3. was/were to+動(dòng)詞原形
例如：Li Lei was to arrive soon.
4. was/were about to+動(dòng)詞原形
例如：We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
5. was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞
例如：He was leaving the next day.
句型結(jié)構(gòu)：
肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be（was，were）going to+動(dòng)詞原形～.
否定句：主語(yǔ)+be（was，were）not going to+動(dòng)詞原形～.
疑問(wèn)句：Be（Was，Were）+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形～？
肯定句：主語(yǔ)+would（should）+動(dòng)詞原形～.
否定句：主語(yǔ)+would（should）not+動(dòng)詞原形～.
疑問(wèn)句：Would（Should）+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形～？
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成和一般將來(lái)時(shí)一樣，只不過(guò)把助動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式，把will，shall變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式。
例句：I didn''t know if he would come. =I didn''t know if he was going to come. 我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)具體用法：
一、would+不定式
1.用“would+不定式”表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間通常帶有表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而且多見于從屬分句。
He said he would come back the next day.
2.如果要表示在過(guò)去將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行得動(dòng)作，可用“would+不定式進(jìn)行體”。
例如：He never imagined that some day he would be living away from his motherland.
這種“would+不定式進(jìn)行體”結(jié)構(gòu)也可能僅僅表示一般過(guò)去過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間，如同“will/shall+不定式進(jìn)行體”表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)間一樣。、
例如：He told me that Mary would be coming the next day.
如果要表示在過(guò)去將來(lái)某時(shí)以前業(yè)已發(fā)生得事態(tài)，可用“would+不定式完成體”。
例如：The delegation would have arrived by four o'clock that afternoon.
如果要表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去將來(lái)某時(shí)得動(dòng)作或事態(tài)，可用“would+不定式完成進(jìn)行體”。
例如： She said that by the end of May she would have been studying medicine for three years
二、was/were going to +不定式
用做表示過(guò)去將來(lái)，也通常帶有表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間得狀語(yǔ)。
例如： He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.
用做表示的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)，也可以是沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖。
例如：Last Sunday we were going to go for a picnic but it rained .
三、was/were to +不定式
用做表示過(guò)去將來(lái)，通常指按過(guò)去的計(jì)劃安排將在某個(gè)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間發(fā)生得事態(tài)。
例如：They were not to get away with it if they continued to violate the law.
用作表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的安排，如果這個(gè)安排后來(lái)被取消了，沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，則用“was/were to +不定式完成體”表示，并可與表示現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)得時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 此外，其也可用作于表示以后不可避免得要發(fā)生得事件。
例如：They said goodbye,little knowing they were never to meet again.
四、was/were about to +不定式
用半助動(dòng)詞be about to 的過(guò)去時(shí)形式也可使其表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常指最近的過(guò)去將來(lái)事態(tài)，而且在一定語(yǔ)境中通常指未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖：
例如：We were about to start when it began to rain .
五、某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
come,go,leave,arrive,start等嚴(yán)格按照時(shí)間表發(fā)生的表起止的動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
例1：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他說(shuō)火車第二天早晨出發(fā)。
例2：She told me she was coming to see me.她告訴我她要來(lái)看我。
六、特定場(chǎng)合的一般過(guò)去時(shí)可表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中須用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
例1：I didn't know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么時(shí)候來(lái)，但她來(lái)了我會(huì)告訴你。
析：第一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，可使用將來(lái)時(shí)，第二個(gè)when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
例2：I didn't know if she would come,but if she came I would let you know.我不知道她是否來(lái)，但如果她來(lái)我會(huì)告訴你。
析：第一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，可使用將來(lái)時(shí)，第二個(gè)if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/chuzhong/258771.html
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