初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):省略句

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
省略句:
是英語(yǔ)的一種習(xí)慣用法。按照語(yǔ)法的分析,句子應(yīng)該具備的成分,有時(shí)出于修辭上的需要,在句中并不出現(xiàn),這種句子叫做省略句。
其特點(diǎn)是:
雖然省去句子語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分,但仍能表達(dá)其完整的意義。省略形式多樣,從單詞、短語(yǔ)到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的銜接關(guān)系,不容臆斷。

省略現(xiàn)象:
一、單詞省略
1、省略介詞
He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四個(gè)小時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)功課。
I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已學(xué)五年英語(yǔ)了。
2、省略連詞 that
I believe (that) you will succeed . 我相信你們會(huì)成功的。
It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving. 他要走,真遺憾。
I ' m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她會(huì)幫你的。
3、省略關(guān)系代詞
I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都給你。
He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看過我昨天買的書了。

二、句子成分的省略
1、省略主語(yǔ)
Beg your pardon.
(我)請(qǐng)你原諒。( Beg 前省略了主語(yǔ) I )
Take care!
當(dāng)心!( Take 前省略了主語(yǔ) you )
Looks as if it will rain.
看起來(lái)象要下雨。( Looks 前省略了主語(yǔ) it )
2、省略謂語(yǔ)
Who next?
該誰(shuí)了?( Who 后面省略了謂語(yǔ) comes )
The river was deep and the ice thin.
( ice 后面省略了 was )
We ' ll do the best we can.
我們將盡力而為。( can 后面省略了動(dòng)詞 do )
3、省略表語(yǔ)
Are you ready? Yes, I am.
你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎? 我準(zhǔn)備好了。( am 后面省略了 ready )
He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth.
他還是象年輕時(shí)那樣,是一位運(yùn)動(dòng)愛好者。( had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports )
4、省略賓語(yǔ)
Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry.
讓我們洗碗吧,我來(lái)洗,你來(lái)揩干。( wash 和 dry 后面省略了賓語(yǔ) dishes )
5、省略定語(yǔ)
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.
那錢他花了部分,其余的他都存了起來(lái)。( the rest 后面省略了定語(yǔ) of the money )
6、省略狀語(yǔ)
He was not hurt. Strange!
他沒有受傷,真奇怪。 Strange 前面省略了狀語(yǔ) how )

三、不同句式中的省略
1. 簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略:
在對(duì)話中,交談雙方都知道談?wù)摰膶?duì)象,則可以省略句子的主語(yǔ),省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象在交際用語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)的很多。
(1)Looks like rain.
(2)Hope to hear from you soon.
(3)Sounds like a good idea.
2. 并列句中的省略:
在并列句中,相同的成分如主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)等都可以省略:
(1)They learn French and we English.
(2)My father planned and built all these houses.
(3)John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
3. 復(fù)合句中的省略:
定語(yǔ)從句:
That’s the reason he is late for the conference.
狀語(yǔ)從句:
(1)If heated, water will boil.
(2)Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.
賓語(yǔ)從句:
如果賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)部分與主句的謂語(yǔ)部分或上文的謂語(yǔ)部分相同,可將從句部分的謂語(yǔ)省略。
We will do what we can(do)to help you.
—Is Mr. King in his office?
—Sorry, I don’t know(whether he is in his office or not).
4. 動(dòng)詞不定式的省略:在動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中,為了避免重復(fù),常常省略不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞原形,只保留to。
—Would you like to go with us ?
—I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.
在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等結(jié)構(gòu)中,常常省略to后面的動(dòng)詞原形。
(1)They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to.
(2)He doesn’t get up early as he used to.
(3)I’ll hand it in if I have to.
(4)
—Would you like to come tonight ?
—I’d love to.
Tell , warn , order , advise , ask等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),可以省略to后面的動(dòng)詞原形。
(1)He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.
(2)The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.



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