初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 初中英語 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):
是英語中,動(dòng)詞的一種基本時(shí)態(tài),其構(gòu)成為:主語+have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分。
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
I/we/theyhavebeen+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
He/she/ithasbeen+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
在當(dāng)代英語中,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)也可用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well.
自從上周發(fā)生了那次不幸事故之后,我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t had that much contact with him.
他并沒有給我工作過,我和他沒有過那許多接觸。
否定句構(gòu)成:
主語+has/have+not+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他
一般疑問句構(gòu)成:
Have/has+主語+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用法:
(一)表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,并且還將持續(xù)下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國有2000年的造紙歷史。
(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自從三年前以來我一直在學(xué)英語。
(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)I study for English since 10 years ago.

(二)表示在說話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了
(人還沒到,如同在電話里說的,還會(huì)繼續(xù)等)

(三)有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們在這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在這里已經(jīng)工作五年了。

(四)大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。
I have been writing a book.(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
我一直在寫一本書。
I have written a book.(動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)
我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。
They have been building a bridge.
他們一直在造一座橋。
They have built a bridge.
他們造了一座橋。

(五)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
I have known him for years.
我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)好幾年了。
I have been knowing...
這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有:love愛,like喜歡,hate討厭,等等。
(六)一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子也與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子含義相同
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)中使用,句意相同。例如:
She has slept for 6 hours and still can not wake up.
She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.
(七)表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的未完成性
It has been raining for 3 days。



現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù),因此,表示動(dòng)作的完成,只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
He has changed his idea. 他改變了想法。

2. 在表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)時(shí),雖然既可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),也可用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行。
因此在需要明確表示動(dòng)作還要持續(xù)下去時(shí),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
We have been studying here for two years. 我們在這兒已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩年了。

3. 在許多情況下,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)卻并非如此。如:
He has cleaned the window. 他把窗戶擦干凈了。(動(dòng)作已完成)
He has been cleaning the window. 他一直在擦窗戶。(動(dòng)作不一定完成)

4. 有些靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞只能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),一般不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
I’ve known him for many years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他有許多年了。
The war has lasted for a long time. 這場戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了很長時(shí)間。

5. 有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞(如live, work, teach, study等)用兩種時(shí)態(tài)都可以,意思差別不大。如:
I’ve lived [been living] here for 30 years. 我在這兒住了30年了。
How long have you worked [been working] here? 你在這里工作多久了?

6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的相通性:在表達(dá)一個(gè)從過去開始而現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作時(shí),某些動(dòng)詞既可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),如:
expect, hope, learn, lie, live, look, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, want, work等。如:
你學(xué)習(xí)英語多久了?
正:How long have yon learnt English?
正:How long have you been learning English?
他已經(jīng)睡了十個(gè)小時(shí)了。
正:He has slept for ten hours.
正:He has been sleeping for ten hours.


過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成區(qū)別:
1)過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。例:
I saw this film yesterday.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。)
I have seen this film.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(強(qiáng)調(diào)有包裝,可能為不公平競爭。)

2)過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用,或無時(shí)間狀語。
一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不確定的時(shí)間狀語
共同的時(shí)間狀語:this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately例:
She has returned from Paris.
她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回來了。

3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例:
He has been in the League for three years.
(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
He has been a League member for three years.
(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入團(tuán),joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.

4)句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過去時(shí)。
(錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.



與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行連用的主要時(shí)間狀語:
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所用的時(shí)間狀語:
all day / month; this month / week / year; these days; recently / lately; in the past few + 時(shí)間段; since +時(shí)間點(diǎn); for + 時(shí)間段,等等。如:
He has been working all day. 他整天都在工作。
They have been building the bridge for two month. 兩個(gè)月來他們一直在修橋。
They have been planting trees this month. 這個(gè)月來他們一直在植樹。
Car sales have been shrinking recently. 汽車銷量近來一直在下降。
Vera has been trying to learn Chinese for years. 維拉努力學(xué)漢語已有好幾年了。
He has been sleeping for ten hours. 他已經(jīng)睡了十個(gè)小時(shí)了。
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week. 上星期,吉姆天天晚上都給詹妮打電話。
The two parties have been trying to unite since the New Year. 自從新年以來,雙方就一直在試圖聯(lián)手。


相關(guān)初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):分詞

分詞:
就是具有動(dòng)詞及形容詞二者特征的詞;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n結(jié)尾的英語動(dòng)詞性形容詞,具有形容詞功能,同時(shí)又表現(xiàn)各種動(dòng)詞性特點(diǎn),
如時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài)、帶狀語性修飾語的性能及帶賓語的性能。
分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種,是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。
現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞主要差別在于:
現(xiàn)在分詞表示"主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行",過去分詞表示"被動(dòng)和完成"(不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不表示被動(dòng),只表示完成)。
分詞可以有自己的狀語、賓語或邏輯主語等。

現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成形式:
①一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加ing,如do→doing、sing→singing、comfort→comforting
②以不發(fā)音的e、ue結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去e,再加ing,如dance→dancing、hike→hiking、write→writing、make→ making,take→taking
③以ee、oe、ye結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加ing,如see→seeing、toe→toeing、dye→dyeing
④以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,并且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,應(yīng)雙寫這一字母,再加ing,如cut→cutting、swim→swimming
注:結(jié)尾是x則不必雙寫,如relax→relaxing
⑤以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要把ie變成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying.
⑥以ic結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要把ic變成ick再加ing,如picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking


過去分詞構(gòu)成形式:
1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則:
(1)、一般動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,過去分詞并不是過去式)
work---worked---worked , visit---visited---visited
(2)、以不發(fā)音的“ e ” 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,只在詞尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived
(3)、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,將 "y" 變?yōu)?"i" ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1]
(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
(5)、以ic結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要把ic變成ick再加ed,
picnic→picnicked ,traffic→trafficked
2 、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞:見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表



分詞用法:
1、分詞作狀語   
分詞在句子中作狀語,可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等。   
分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句中主語相一致。
當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前時(shí), 則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式,且所表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生, 則用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。
完成或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過去分詞。   
①現(xiàn)在分詞:
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.   
②過去分詞:
Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.
Given better attention, the plants could grow better.   

2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)+分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)   
現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時(shí),有時(shí)可以在分詞前加while,when, once, although,until, if等連詞。   
①現(xiàn)在分詞:
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……   
②過去分詞:
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.   
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.   

3、分詞作定語   
分詞作定語時(shí),單個(gè)的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前,分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面。
現(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動(dòng)作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關(guān)系),過去分詞修飾承受該動(dòng)作的名詞(即與名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)。   
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.   
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!   
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.   
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.   
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries   

4、分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語   
現(xiàn)在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動(dòng)詞和look at, listen to等短語動(dòng)詞以及
have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動(dòng)詞后面與名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語,作賓語補(bǔ)語的成分。
例:I see him passing my house every day.
I caught him stealing things in that shop.
I smelt something burning.

5、分詞作表語
分詞作表語通?醋餍稳菰~來用。
過去分詞表示主語的感受或狀態(tài),主語多為人,F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì),而且主語多為物;
①過去分詞:
We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
She felt confused, and even frightened.
②現(xiàn)在分詞:
He was very amusing.
That book was rather boring.
很多動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作表語:
exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.




相關(guān)初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):一般過去時(shí)

一般過去時(shí):
表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格。
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他;
否定形式①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞;
一般疑問句Did+主語+do+其他。

一般過去時(shí)句法結(jié)構(gòu):
肯定形式
主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他
例句:She often came to help us in those days.
否定形式
①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞
例句:I didn't know you like coffee
一般疑問句
①Did+主語+do+其他? ②Was\Were+主語+表語?
例句:Did I do that?
用表格整理如下:































肯定式疑問式否定式疑問否定式
IworkedDid I work?I did not workDid I not work?
He(She,It) workedDid he(she,it) work?He(she,it) did not workDid he(she,it) notwork?
We workedDid we work?We did not workDid we not work?
You workedDid you work?You did not workDid you not work?
They workedDid they work?They did not workDid they not work?
記憶口訣:
一般過去時(shí)并不難,過去動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)記心間。
動(dòng)詞要用過去式,時(shí)間狀語句末站。
否定句很簡單,didn't 站在動(dòng)原前,其它部分不要變。
一般疑問句也好變,did放在句子前,主語、動(dòng)原、其它部分依次站。
特殊疑問句也簡單,疑問詞加一般疑問句記心間。
最后一條請注意,動(dòng)詞過去式要牢記!

一般過去時(shí)中動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則:































構(gòu)成


舉例


一般情況


詞尾+ed


動(dòng)詞原形


過去式和過去分詞


look
talk


looked
talked


以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾


詞尾+d


like
arrive


liked
arrived


以“輔以字母+y”結(jié)尾


變y為i,再加ed


fly
study


flied
studied


以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母


雙寫詞尾+ed


stop
plan


stopped
planned


結(jié)構(gòu)句型:

1.一般句子
I watched TV last night.
2.一般疑問句
Did you watch TV last night?
3.there be 句型
There was an apple on the table last night.
Was there an apple on the table last night

一般過去時(shí)注意事項(xiàng):
1.注意主句與從句中時(shí)態(tài)的一致性
如果主句用了過去時(shí),從句中一般也要用過去式,或者過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)等。例如:
He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是對的。
I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在這兒。
I thought they were with you. 我以為他們和你在一起。

2.在口語中, 一般過去時(shí)并不一定指真正的過去,而只是表示一種禮貌性語氣。例如:
I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否幫我一個(gè)忙。
I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想問問可否借用你的車。
I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能幫我出點(diǎn)主意。
Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想見我嗎?

3.used to
used to 是一個(gè)詞組,表示“過去曾經(jīng)是……而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止了”的動(dòng)作。例如:
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我過去常常一天干十四個(gè)小時(shí)。(而現(xiàn)在不這樣了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.我過去是在早晨散步。(而現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了)

一般過去式用法:
(1)一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生,也可以表示過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。
一般過去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在的影響,只說明過去的事情。
句式:主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+賓語+其它
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟茱莉雅說了幾句話。
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他沒有戒煙的那陣子,抽煙抽得可兇了。

(2) 一般過去時(shí)常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語或從句連用,如:
yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.
(句子中謂語動(dòng)詞是用一般過去時(shí)還是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),取決于動(dòng)作是否對現(xiàn)在有影響)。
Have you had your lunch? 你吃過午飯了嗎?(你現(xiàn)在不餓嗎?)
Yes,I have. 是的,我已經(jīng)吃過了。(已經(jīng)吃飽了,不想再吃了。)
When did you have it? 你是什么時(shí)候吃的?(關(guān)心的是吃的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在何時(shí)。)
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大約是十分鐘以前吃的。)
Used to do something 表示過去常做而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止了的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我過去常常一天干十四個(gè)小時(shí)。
I ate it at 6:45。我在六點(diǎn)四十五分吃了。

(3)帶有確定的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí),要用過去時(shí)。如:
yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(兩天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前幾天)、
once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(剛才)、in the old days(過去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、
When I was 8 years old(當(dāng)我八歲時(shí)…)、at+一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)
Did you have a party the other day?前幾天,你們開了晚會(huì)了嗎?
Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷鋒是個(gè)好戰(zhàn)士。
注:在談到已死去的人的情況時(shí),多用過去時(shí)。

(4)表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),要用過去時(shí)。這種情況下,往往沒有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,而通過上下文來表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛張開了一會(huì)兒,看看船長,然后就去世了。

(5)表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。常與always,never等連用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。
(只是說明她過去的動(dòng)作,不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘。)
比較:
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是帶著傘。
(說明這是她的習(xí)慣,表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘)
Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 總是帶著一把傘。
(表示說話者對這一動(dòng)作或行為厭煩)
I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。
(不涉及到現(xiàn)在,不說明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒)

(6)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用 used to do(過去常常做,而現(xiàn)在不那樣做了)
He used to drink alcohol.他過去喝酒。
(意味著他現(xiàn)在不喝酒了。喝酒這個(gè)動(dòng)作終止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.我過去是在早晨散步。
(意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了)
比較:
I took a walk in the morning.我曾經(jīng)在早晨散過步。
(只是說明過去這一動(dòng)作)

(7)有些句子,雖然沒有表示過去確定時(shí)間的狀語,但實(shí)際上是指過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話,也要用過去時(shí)。
I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
(因?yàn)樵谡f話時(shí),我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話之前,所以只能用過去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上,這句話暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.我以為你病了呢。
(這句話應(yīng)是在說話之前,我以為你病了。但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒。

一般過去時(shí)三變技巧:
一變:肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?BR>技巧1.當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞could,would,should等時(shí),可直接在其后面加not構(gòu)成否定句。例如:
I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.
技巧2.當(dāng)句中含有系動(dòng)詞was,were 時(shí),可直接在其后加not構(gòu)成否定句。例如:
I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.
技巧3.當(dāng)句中謂語是除情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞was, were以外的動(dòng)詞時(shí),在該動(dòng)詞之前加did not / didn't,動(dòng)詞還原,構(gòu)成否定句。例如:
The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.

二變:陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?BR>技巧1.移動(dòng)詞語的位置。將was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:
He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?
技巧2.添加助動(dòng)詞did。謂語是除情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞was, were以外的動(dòng)詞時(shí),在主語之前加did,動(dòng)詞還原。例如:
Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?

三變:陳述句變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧?BR>技巧1.確定疑問詞:人who / whom,物what,地點(diǎn)where,時(shí)間when / what time,原因why,頻率how often,長度how long,距離how far等等。例如:
They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?
技巧2.辨認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)形式:疑問詞+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/ was / were / did +主語+...? 例如:
The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?


相關(guān)初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):
表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?梢员硎居杏(jì)劃的未來,也就是用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是:
主語+be+v.ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式
例如:He is writing on the desk.


現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:
主語+be+v.ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式
第一人稱單數(shù)I+am+ing.
第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)We+are+ing.
第二人稱單(復(fù))數(shù) You+are+ing
第三人稱單數(shù) He(She,it)+is+ing
第三人稱復(fù)數(shù) They+are+ing
肯定句:主語+be(is/am/are)+現(xiàn)在分詞
否定句:主語+be(is/am/are)+not+現(xiàn)在分詞
一般疑問句:be(is/am/are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+相應(yīng)be動(dòng)詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+Sth?
間接引語中改為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

變化規(guī)則:
1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing 變sleeping)
2.去掉不發(fā)音的e+ing(例:bite-e+ing 變biting)
3.重讀閉音節(jié),以輔音字母加元音字母加輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞,要雙寫尾字母再加ing(例:swim+m+ing=swimming)
4.以ie結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),變ie為y+ing (例:die-dying lie-lying)
5結(jié)尾為c且c讀作/k/時(shí),在結(jié)尾加k再加ing,如picnic-picnicking



現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別:
(一)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的暫時(shí)性,而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性
I am watching TV now. (暫時(shí)性)
I watch TV every day. (經(jīng)常性)
(二)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示短暫性動(dòng)作,而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示長久性動(dòng)作。
Lucy is living in Beijing.(短時(shí)間居住)
Lucy lives in Beijing. (長久性居。
(三)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作可帶有感情色彩,而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)所表述的動(dòng)作通常是事實(shí)。
You’re always forgetting the most important things. (責(zé)備)
He is always helping others. (贊揚(yáng))
He often helps others. (事實(shí))
(四)有些動(dòng)詞不能用進(jìn)行時(shí),know, understand, love, like, hate, wish, want, think, hope, have, believe, agree, hear, see, notice,等等。
這些動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示說話時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
I have a lot of friends here.
She wants to buy a new bike.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法注意:
1.進(jìn)行時(shí)中,并不是所有的動(dòng)詞都要使用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例如一些表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞,一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而是用現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)表示。
這些動(dòng)詞往往是等表示情感狀態(tài)、知覺認(rèn)識(shí)、愿望或短暫性的動(dòng)詞。
例如:see(明白),know, want, like, hear, have(有), think, hope, hate等。
I hear someone singing. 我正聽見有人唱歌。
Do you see anyone over there? 你看到那里有什么人嗎?
What does he think of it? 他覺得這怎么樣?
如果這些詞使用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),句子帶有某種感情色彩。例如:
Are you seeing someone off? 你在給誰送行嗎?
They are hearing an English talk. 他們在聽一個(gè)英語報(bào)告。

2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還有另外一種含義,即它們能表達(dá)即將發(fā)生的事情,相當(dāng)于一般將來時(shí)。
有些動(dòng)詞從結(jié)構(gòu)來看是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),但卻是表示將要發(fā)生的事,而不表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行。
這些動(dòng)詞往往是一些表示位置移動(dòng)變化的動(dòng)詞:arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work等。
We are leaving on Friday。我們星期五出發(fā)。
Are you going anywhere tomorrow?你明天準(zhǔn)備去哪兒?
A foreign guest is giving a lecture this afternoon。今天下午一個(gè)外國客人將給我們作報(bào)告。
Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在這里呆到下個(gè)星期嗎?
在表示將來的情況下,特別是be going to do sth. 這種結(jié)構(gòu),已經(jīng)沒有多少“去”的意思了,幾乎就是用來表達(dá)“將要、打算”做什么事情。例如:
It is going to be rather cold tomorrow。明天很可能非常冷。
She is not going to speak at the meeting。她不打算在那個(gè)會(huì)上發(fā)言。

3.當(dāng)其與always、forever、continually、constantly 等副詞連用時(shí)表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作,而這種動(dòng)作可能使人不滿,厭倦或滿意。例如:
①She is perpetually interfering in my affairs.她老是干預(yù)我的事。 (不滿)
②The students are making progress constantly.學(xué)生們在不斷進(jìn)步。 (滿意)

4.在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中,有時(shí)可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。
When you are passing my way,please drop in.
你什么時(shí)候路過我家,請進(jìn)來坐。



現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法:
A表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。
例:We are waiting for you.
B. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,說話時(shí)未必正在進(jìn)行。
例:Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(說話時(shí)并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
例:She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
C.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的但不確定會(huì)不會(huì)發(fā)生的將來活動(dòng)。
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(我下周要去尼泊爾旅行)
We're flying to Paris tomorrow.(我們明天乘飛機(jī)去巴黎)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用
D .些非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作即將進(jìn)行或發(fā)生,或表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)。
例如:He is joining the army.
E.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中有always, forever, constantly, continually修飾時(shí),表示說話人的
贊賞或厭煩的情緒。
例如:They are always helping us.
注意:表示狀態(tài)、感覺、心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),一般不使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
F.子中有now時(shí),常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。
G.ook, listen開頭的句子,提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.聽,她正在唱英語歌。
H.當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,且此時(shí)有this week, these days等時(shí)間狀語,這時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
We are making model planes these days.這些天我們在做飛機(jī)模型。
I.圖片中的人物的動(dòng)作,也為了表達(dá)更生動(dòng)。此時(shí)也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖,那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。

本文來自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/chuzhong/283108.html

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