連詞是一種在句子與句子之間,短語之間以及名詞等其他詞語之間起連接作用的虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。?并列連詞連接的雙方是對等的。常有的并列連詞有and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, as well as等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致,意義有轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞有:but, however, while (而),only (只不過)。還有表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞,如:or, or else, otherwise… 再有的是連接雙方,互為因果,或表示前因后果的連詞有:for, so, therefore (因此),then等。?從屬連詞在范圍內(nèi)常常用來連接名詞性從句,如:that, if, whether, 其次用來連接狀語從句。其中有原因狀語從句,常用的連接詞有:when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 連接條件狀語的連詞有:if, unless, as long as 等,而原因狀語的連接詞有because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點等狀語從句的連接詞有:so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where… 它們在句子與文章中幾乎無處不見。?具體用法見下表。?
連詞用法一覽表
種類 功用 例句
并列連詞 連接具有并列關(guān)系的 詞 He knows neither English nor French.
短語 Are you going by bus or on foot?
分句 Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming.
從屬連詞 引導(dǎo): 狀語從句 I'll do it as you told me.
You will be late unless you hurry.
連接代詞和連接副詞 主語從句 What he said proved true.
When we'll start has not been decided yet.
表語從句 This is why he didn't come yesterday.
That is where he lives.
賓語從句 The man asked me which I liked best.?
I can't understand why she is so late.
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 定語從句 Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking.?
He came last night when I was out.
(二) 正誤辨析?
[誤] Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now.?
[正] Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now.?
[析] 在中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意義也不同于漢語,如:Both of us are not right. 在中應(yīng)被理解為"我們倆不都對。"而Neither of us is right。 才能被理解為"我們倆無一正確"。?
[誤] He or his parents has some tickets for the film.?
[正] He or his parents have some tickets for the film.?
[析] 由or 連接兩主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那一個主語保持一致。?
[誤] You should study hard, and you won't pass the exam.?
[正] You should study hard, or you won't pass the exam.?
[析] or作為連詞,這里的意思為"否則"。又如:Hurry up, or you'll be late for school.
[誤] Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others.?
[正] Though he is poor, he is ready to help others.?
[正] He is poor, but he is ready to help others.?
[析] "雖然……但是"是中文中的常用結(jié)構(gòu),但在英文中用了"雖然"則不要用"但是",用了"但是"則不能再用"雖然",二者只可用其一。?
[誤] Either you or I are on duty.?
[正] Either you or I am on duty.?
[析] either…or 連接兩個主語時,其謂語動詞與相臨近的一個主語相呼應(yīng),這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有or, neither… nor, not only…but also等。?
[誤] Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now.?
[正] Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now.?
[析] 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重復(fù),但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。當(dāng)你連接的是兩個系動詞時,后面的那個系動詞不可省略,也就是講連接的部分不可省略。
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