高二英語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)外研社
【本講教育信息】
一. 內(nèi)容：
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
二. 重難點(diǎn)講解：
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
在接下來的時(shí)間里將給大家介紹一下動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。
到目前為止大家應(yīng)該知道，動(dòng)詞共有16種時(shí)態(tài)和兩種語態(tài)。
在時(shí)態(tài)方面，考題中主要涉及到其中的10種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：通常有六種用法，其中最重要的考點(diǎn)是：在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中表示將來的動(dòng)作；安排或計(jì)劃好的將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
如：1>. The train for Shanghai leaves at 11a.m and arrives at 11p.m.
2>. As soon as the manager comes back, I will tell him about it.
2. 一般過去時(shí)： 關(guān)于該時(shí)態(tài)最主要請(qǐng)大家掌握它的概念：一個(gè)開始于過去結(jié)束于過去的動(dòng)作，或存在的狀態(tài)。記住這一點(diǎn)很重要，需要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)分。
如：The other day she ran across an old friend in the street.
3. 一般將來時(shí)： 除了用will + 動(dòng)詞原形表示該時(shí)態(tài)外，還有：
1> Be going to do sth： She is going to go abroad next year.
2> Be about to do sth： Please fasten your safety belt, for the plane is about to take off.
3> Be to do sth： There is to be a class meeting this afternoon.
4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 除了眾所周知的表正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作外，還有如下特殊用法：
預(yù)計(jì)一個(gè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；常與某些副詞連用，表示某種感情色彩，如贊嘆、驚訝或不滿。
如：1> How many of you are going to the party tonight.
2> The teacher is always criticizing us.
5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：這應(yīng)該是五個(gè)基本時(shí)態(tài)中最令大家迷惑的一個(gè)。該時(shí)態(tài)分為已完成和未完成兩種。常見的標(biāo)志性的詞有：since, for, already, so far, up to now, in the last few years, in the past three months etc.
如：1> He has lived here since he got married.
2> In the past two decades, research has expanded our knowledge about sleep and dreams.
3> In the last ten years great changes have taken place in China.
6. 過去將來時(shí)：只有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)：用于主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)的間接引語中，遵循時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則。
如：she said she would pay us a visit when she had enough time.
7. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
如：1> At nine o’clock last night, I was counting the stars in the sky.
2> When the girl came in, the two dogs were fighting for a bone.
3> While I was preparing for the exam, the power was cut off.
8. 過去完成時(shí)：別名“過去的過去�！笨碱}中對(duì)該時(shí)態(tài)的使用有要求，只有當(dāng)句中有一個(gè)動(dòng)作是過去時(shí)，才有可能用過去完成。
如：1> The film had almost finished when I got to the cinema.
2> By the time he was ten, he had built himself a chemistry lab.
9. 將來完成時(shí)：該時(shí)態(tài)只有一個(gè)考點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)大家注意與過去完成的區(qū)別：
如：By the time he is ten, he will have built himself a chemistry lab.
10. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示現(xiàn)在以前一直發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行過程中的不間斷，常有背景句作為鋪墊。
如：—You are all wet!
—Yes, I have been playing basketball all the morning.
語態(tài)：主要考察被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。基本公式：主語 + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。
還有一個(gè)要點(diǎn)大家需記住：只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
除了大家熟悉的基本用法外，被動(dòng)語態(tài)還有一些特殊用法，比如用主動(dòng)的形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)的概念，顧名思義，看起來是主動(dòng)，實(shí)則為被動(dòng)。
下面，我們將英文中常見的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義的情況總結(jié)一下：
1> 動(dòng)詞read, sell, last, wash, write, lock等帶狀語,如well, easily時(shí).
e.g.① This kind of cloth washes easily.（這種布好洗）
② The meeting lasted three hours.（會(huì)議持續(xù)了三個(gè)小時(shí)）
③ My new pen writes well. （我的新鋼筆好寫）
2> 感官動(dòng)詞feel, look, smell, sound, taste, prove等與形容詞連用時(shí).
e.g. ①You look very well today.
② Your bedroom smelt so terrible.
③ My words proved right.
3> begin, end, stop, open, close等表示開，關(guān)，結(jié)束的含義時(shí)，及break out, take place, happen等動(dòng)詞表示爆發(fā)，發(fā)生概念時(shí)。
e.g. ① The library opens at ten.
② Class begins at half past eight.
③ An earthquake took place in Tang Shan in 1976.
4> 某些做表語的形容詞后，用不定式的主動(dòng)形式。
e.g. ① The question is easy to answer.
② His clothes are hard to wash.
③ The fish is not fit to eat.
④ He has an important meeting to attend.
【典型例題】
1. I can guess you were in a hurry. You your sweater inside out.
A. had worn B. wore
C. were wearing D. are wearing
2. — We that you would fix the TV set this week.
— I’m sorry. I to, but I’ve been too busy.
A. had expected； had intended
B. are expecting； had intended
C. expect； intend
D. expected； intend
3. He will stop showing off, if no notice of him.
A. is taken B. will be taken
C. takes D. has taken
4. — It is said that another new car factory now.
— Yeah. It one and a half years.
A. is building；takes B. is being built；will take
C. is built；will take D. is being built；takes
5. — I’m sorry, but I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
— You your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost
C. did lose D. were losing
6. — Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!
— Mum, I my storeroom downstairs。
A. cleaned B. have worked
C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning
7. They won’t buy new clothes because they money to buy a color TV set.
A. save B. are saving C. has saved D. were saving
8. Good heavens! There you are! We anxious about you, and we you back throughout the night.
A. are；expect B. were；had expected
C. have been；were expecting D. are；were expecting
9. I’ve finally finished my paper and it me an entire month.
A. takes B. took
C. was taken D. had taken
10. The traffic in our city is already good and it even better.
A. gets B. got
C. has got D. is getting
11. — Has Jack finished his homework yet?
— I have no idea；he it this morning.
A. was doing B. had been doing
C. has done D. did
12. — I will come to attend your lecture at 10：00 tomorrow.
— I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I my guests in my office.
A. is being met B. will meet
C. will be meeting D. will have met
13. — Alice came back home the day before yesterday.
— Really ? Where ?
A. has she been B. had she been
C. has she gone D. had she gone
14. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been；have met B. have been；have met
C. had been；had met D. have been；had met
15. I ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played
C. played D. play
16. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I my mum.
A. take B. am taking
C. have taken D. will have taken
17. — You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
— I’ m sorry I anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say
C. won’t say D. didn’t say
18. — Where ?
— I got stuck in the heavy traffic. I here earlier.
A. did you go； had arrived
B. have you been；would have been
C. were you；would come
D. are you；was
19. I know Mr. Brown；we to each other at an international conference.
A. are introduced
B. have been introduced
C. were introduced
D. had been introduced
20. —Where do you think he the computer?
— Sorry. I have no idea.
A. has ；bought B.／；bought
C. did ；buy D. had ；bought
21. — I to a party, but I’ve got nothing to wear.
— Why don’t you have a dress made for the party?
A. was asked B. will ask
C. have asked D. have been asked
22. I didn’t like Aunt Lucy, who without warning and bringing us presents.
A. always turned up
B. has always turned up
C. was always turning up
D. was always turned up
23. — What do you think of this kind of TV set, which in Shanghai?
— Well, I don’t care such things.
A. was made B. is made
C. has been made D. had been made
24. — Tom, did Mr. Li join you in your discussion?
— No, he , but he happened to have fallen ill.
A. would like to B. will
C. was to have D. was going to join
25. — Did he notice you enter the room?
— I don’t think so. He＿＿to the radio with his eyes shut.
A. listened B. was listening
C. has listened D. had listened
26. The plane at 7：00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6：40 at the latest.
A. has left B. is to leave
C. will have left D. leaves
27. The train at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o’clock tonight.
A. went B. is going
C. goes D. will be going
28. Look at this! I some magazines and this letter.
A. was looking through；found
B. am looking through；find
C. looked through；had found
D. had looked through；finding
29. — you the editor at the airport?
— No, he away before my arrival.
A. Have...met； has driven
B. Had...met； was driven
C. Did...meet； had been driven
D. Have...met； had driven
30. — Can you give me the right answer?
— Sorry, I .Would you repeat that question?
A. hadn’t listened B. haven’t listened
C. don’t listen D. wasn’t listening
答案：
1. D。can guess 這一現(xiàn)在猜測是建立在眼前所見情景的基礎(chǔ)上的，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2. A。expect, intend, want, wish, hope, plan 等動(dòng)詞的過去完成式可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、愿望、打算等。
3. A。如主句用將來時(shí)，在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。又因if 從句是take notice of...的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A。
4. B。根據(jù)主語與build之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系和now，可知要選現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；因工廠正在修建，花費(fèi)一年半應(yīng)指將來。
5. C。shouldn’ t have done 表示“過去本不應(yīng)……”。You did lose your temper 是You lost your temper 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。
6. D�，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
7. B。句意為：他們（現(xiàn)在）不愿買新衣服，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)跀�錢買電視。由此可見，攢錢是現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
8. C。擔(dān)心是從過去某時(shí)到說話時(shí)為止一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；expect 是在過去某一段時(shí)間里（整個(gè)晚上）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
9. B。論文已完成，花費(fèi)一個(gè)月時(shí)間應(yīng)指過去；某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間用sth.takes sb.some time 結(jié)構(gòu)。
10. D。交通現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)好了，在此基礎(chǔ)上正在變得更好。
11. A。題干沒有構(gòu)成“過去的過去”，不可選B。如選C、D則表示動(dòng)作已完成，與have no idea相矛盾。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，不涉及結(jié)果，正好附合題干語境。
12. C。by then 是指將來的時(shí)間狀語，排除A。再由句意可知，meet指的是到了十點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)將正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
13. B。問句問的是前天回來之前去了哪兒，故用過去完成時(shí)。注意had gone表示人未回來，與第一句相矛盾。
14. D。for＋時(shí)間段表示從過去某時(shí)延續(xù)至今的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；meet發(fā)生在got to know 這一過去動(dòng)作之前，用過去完成時(shí)。
15. D。用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。
16. B。come, go, leave, arrive, take 等動(dòng)詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表砂將來。
17. D。表示過去沒有做某事應(yīng)用去時(shí)。又因句子沒有“過去正在進(jìn)行”之意，幫排除A。
18. B。問對(duì)方“去了哪里”，指的是從過去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在為止的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；第二個(gè)空格是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣和主句，條件狀語從句If I hadn’ t got stuck in the heavy traffic 被省略。
19. C。在一個(gè)國際會(huì)議上被介紹顯然發(fā)生在過去。
20. B。此句為復(fù)雜特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)，即“疑問詞＋do you think （believe, suppose, expect, imagine, say, consider, guess等）＋其它（陳述語序）?”。
21. D。由but 分句中的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和答語所提建議內(nèi)容，可知應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
22. C。always, often, constantly, forever, all the time 等副詞與現(xiàn)在（過去）進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表示某種反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，往往帶有厭惡、不滿、責(zé)備或贊揚(yáng)等意味。
23. B。這種電視產(chǎn)于上海是客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
24. C。C項(xiàng)是was to have joined us in our discussion 的省略形式。was／were ＋ to have done表示原來計(jì)劃、安排要做的事，而實(shí)際上并沒有做。
25. B。當(dāng)時(shí)他在聽收音機(jī)。
26. D。表示按時(shí)刻表或日程安排要發(fā)生的事,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
27. D。從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故主句要用將來時(shí)。將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在將來某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
28. A。Look at this!說明東西已找到。緊接著說是怎樣找到的。
29. C。根據(jù)答語，問句中的meet是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可排除A、D。但不能選B，因?yàn)闆]有構(gòu)成“過去的過去”。答語中用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示在我到達(dá)（過去動(dòng)作）之前他已被人用車接走。
30. D�！皼]聽”發(fā)生在對(duì)方（過去）問問題時(shí)，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
【模擬試題】
31. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I coffee.
A. prefer B. preferred
C. have preferred D. am preferring
32. — Was the driving pleasant when you went to Mexico last summer?
— No, it for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. had been raining
C. would be rainingD. rained
33. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They too long.
A. had been cookedB. were cooked C. had cooked D. cooked
34. — Remember the first time we met, Jim?
— Of course I do. You in the library.
A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read
35. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I the cloth well.
A. have told； washes B. have been told； washes
C. was told； washed D. have been told； is washed
36. — What were you up to when your parents came in?
— I for a while and some reading.
A. was playing； was going to do B. played； did
C. had played； was going to do D. had played； did
37. — Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you.
— Never mind, it myself tonight.
A. I’m going to post B. I’ve decided to post
C. I’ll post D. I’d rather post
38. I should very much like to have gone to that party of theirs, but .
A. I’m not invited B. I was not invited
C. I have not been invited D. I had not been invited
39. — Is Tom still smoking?
— No. By next Saturday he for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.
A. will go B. will have goneC. will have beenD. has been going
40. All but one take part in the conference tomorrow.
A. is going to； that is to take place
B. are going to； that is about to take place
C. are going to； that is to be taken place
D. are going to； which is to be held
41. — Are you a visitor here?
— That’s right. I round the world and now my dream of coming to China true.
A. have traveled； has come B. was traveling； had been come
C. am traveling； has come D. have traveled； has been come
42. — Betty this morning?
— Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.
A. Have you seen B. Will you see
C. Do you see D. Did you see
43. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never him talk so much.
A. I heard B. did I hear
C. I had heard D. had I heard
44. The children very quiet；I wonder what they up to.
A. were； are being B. are being；are
C. are；doD. are being；do
45. — Look at the black clouds. It soon.
— Sure. If only we out.
A. is raining； didn’t come B. is to rain； won’t start
C. will rain； haven’t started D. is going to rain； hadn’t come
46. He articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he about forty articles.
A. has been writing； has written B. has been writing； wrote
C. is writing； has been writing D. has written； has written
47. She to the office than she got down to writing the report.
A. has no sooner got B. had hardly got
C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got
48. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.
A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come
49. In this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they .
A. had just been dreaming B. are just dreaming
C. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt
50. — What’s the matter?
— The shoes don’t fit properly. They my feet.
A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt
[參考答案]
31. A。此題選A表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。prefer屬表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，不能用于進(jìn)時(shí)。
32. B。表示在過去某一動(dòng)作之前一直在進(jìn)行，并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，要用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
33. A。cook發(fā)生在didn’ t taste very good 之前，且與主語之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
34.A。read 發(fā)生在the first time we met之時(shí), 故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
35. B。動(dòng)詞wash, lock, sell, wear, write read, open, shut, clean等動(dòng)詞的主語是物，且又表示主語的特征或狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
36. C。play 在came in 之前已完成，而do some reading 的動(dòng)作則即將開始。
37. C。will／shall ＋v.表示臨時(shí)的決定，而be going to 表示已決定或安排要做的事。
38. B。would ／ should like ＋ to have done表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，故“未受邀請(qǐng)”應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
39.B。by 后跟將來的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，主句要用將來完成時(shí)。go without 意為“在缺……的情況下對(duì)付”。
40. D。all but one 主語是all，且all在此指人，故謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；take place 屬不及物動(dòng)詞短語，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)；be about to后面不能跟具體的時(shí)間狀語。
41. C。由對(duì)話情景可知，“周游世界”是現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而“實(shí)現(xiàn)”是到說話時(shí)為止已完成的動(dòng)作；come true不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
42. A。詢問到說話時(shí)為止一段時(shí)間內(nèi)某動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
43. D。hear 發(fā)生在talked這一過去動(dòng)作之前；never是含有否定意義的副詞，放在句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)用倒裝語序。
44. B。be用于進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示一個(gè)暫時(shí)的特點(diǎn)或表現(xiàn)。What they are up to相當(dāng)于What they are doing。
45. D。根據(jù)目前跡象判斷將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用be going to；if only 意為“但愿”，其后的句子用虛擬語氣。
46. A。由these three years可知應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示“寫”從過去一直延續(xù)至今，并有可能繼續(xù)下去；“寫了40 篇”用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示到現(xiàn)在為止已完成的動(dòng)作。
47. D。no sooner...than和hardly（scarcely）...when 均表示“一……就……”，且主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。
48. C。賓語從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)。
49. C。dream是從過去某時(shí)開始一延續(xù)到are woken up...and asked to report...這一現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
50. A。由What’ s the matter 和don’ t fit 可知，hurt是現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
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