1.完全倒裝語(yǔ)序(把謂語(yǔ)的全部提至主語(yǔ)前):
(1)在以in,out,back,up,down,off,away,here,there等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中,若主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí),常采用主謂完全倒裝語(yǔ)序,但主語(yǔ)為人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí),主謂不倒裝。例如:
—Look!Here comes the bus.
—瞧!公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。
—Oh,here it comes.
—噢,真的來(lái)了。
—Listen!There goes the bell.
—聽(tīng)!鈴響了。
—Oh,there it goes.
—噢,真的響了。
Just then the door opened and in came a woman.
就在那時(shí),門(mén)開(kāi)了,進(jìn)來(lái)了一個(gè)女的。
(2)表示存在關(guān)系的句子將表地點(diǎn)的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)提至句首時(shí),若主語(yǔ)為名詞,也采用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
East of Asia lies China,with Beijing its capital.
中國(guó)在亞洲的東部,北京是它的首都。
Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.
那棵樹(shù)下坐著一位美麗的姑娘。
(3)在一些固定句型中,以now,then或thus開(kāi)頭的句子也采用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
Now comes your turn to answer the teacher’s question.(=It’s your turn to answer the teacher’s question now.)現(xiàn)在輪到你回答老師的問(wèn)題了。
The AntiJapanese War ended in 1945.Then followed China’s Liberation War.
抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)1945年結(jié)束,接著是中國(guó)的解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
注意:此句型有時(shí)需用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
Now comes your turn to be questioned.
現(xiàn)在輪到你被提問(wèn)了。
(4)以such開(kāi)頭的句子采用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.這就是愛(ài)因斯坦,一個(gè)純樸而又取得巨大成就的人。
2.部分倒裝句式:
如果有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等,將其放在主語(yǔ)之前;如果沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等時(shí),要在主語(yǔ)前加助動(dòng)詞do或does(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))或did(一般過(guò)去時(shí))。具體如下:
(1)以only開(kāi)頭的句子,當(dāng)only修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。
注意:①only修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句不倒裝而主句倒裝。
Only then did I realize he,too,was an Englishman.
只有在那時(shí),我才意識(shí)到,他也是個(gè)英國(guó)人。
Only over 18 are you allowed to join the navy,airforce or army.只有超過(guò)18歲,你才被允許加入海軍、空軍或陸軍。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was Einstein able to get back happily to work.只有在1918年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束時(shí),愛(ài)因斯坦才能夠愉快地返回工作崗位。
②only后接名詞或代詞時(shí),屬修飾主語(yǔ),不采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
Only she can solve the problem.
只有她能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
(2)含有not only...but also的句子,若把not only提到句首,讓not only和but also引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí),not only引導(dǎo)的分句要采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,但but also引導(dǎo)的分句不倒裝,而且與前邊句子中相同的成分可以省略。
Not only did they take away everything he had but also his German citizenship.他們不僅帶走了他所擁有的一切,而且還剝奪了他的德國(guó)公民權(quán)。
(3)把含有否定意義的詞(never,not,nowhere,hardly,few,little等)或頻度副詞(often,frequently,always,many times等)放在句首時(shí),要采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。
Never shall I forget the past bitter days.
我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記過(guò)去苦難的日子。
Not a single mistake did the little pupil make in his composition.那個(gè)小學(xué)生在作文中連一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤都沒(méi)有犯。
Seldom does my aunt go to church on Sundays.
我嬸嬸星期天很少去教堂做禮拜。
Frequently does my companion beat me at chess.
我的伙伴屢次下棋戰(zhàn)勝我。
(4)so..that和such...that句型中,若把so或such及它們所修飾的詞提至句首時(shí),主句采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,但that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中語(yǔ)序正常。例如:
So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.
這個(gè)湖很淺,魚(yú)不能在里邊生存。
Such rapid progress did my nephew make that he was able to keep a diary in English before long.我侄子取得了如此快的進(jìn)步,他不久就能用英語(yǔ)記日記了。
(5)not...until句型,若將not until短語(yǔ)提至句首時(shí),主句要采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。
Not until he has corrected all our homework will the geography teacher be able to come.直到改完我們所有的作業(yè)以后,地理老師才能來(lái)。
(6)neither...nor引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí),兩句都要采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。
Neither was the director for the plan nor was he against it.主任既不贊成也不反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
Neither did I know about it nor did I care about it.
關(guān)于此事我不知道也不關(guān)心。
(7)以so開(kāi)頭的句子(在肯定句后),說(shuō)某人、某事與前邊提到過(guò)的相同時(shí),要采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序;以neither或nor開(kāi)頭的句子(在否定句后),說(shuō)某人、某事與前邊提到過(guò)的相同時(shí),也要采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。
—I enjoy dumplings.
——我喜歡吃餃子。
—So do I.
——我也一樣。
After that we never saw her again,neither(=nor) did we hear from her.在那以后,我們從未見(jiàn)過(guò)她,也沒(méi)有收到過(guò)她的來(lái)信。
注意:上述兩種倒裝句式還可用So it it/was with sb./sth.或It is/was the same with sb./sth.兩個(gè)句型來(lái)替換,意思不變。但若前句動(dòng)詞復(fù)雜或有肯定和否定混合時(shí),只用So it is/was with sb./sth.或It is/was the same with sb./sth.兩個(gè)句型,來(lái)表示前邊所說(shuō)情況也適合于后邊的人或事。另外,以so開(kāi)頭的句子,如果表示對(duì)前邊所說(shuō)事情的重復(fù),表示某人某事確實(shí)如此,不采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
Marx came from Germany and German was his native language.So it was with Engels.馬克思是德國(guó)人,德語(yǔ)是他的母語(yǔ),恩格斯也一樣。
My deskmate works hard and does not go in for sports.It is the same with me.
我同桌學(xué)習(xí)刻苦,不喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng),我也一樣。
—He seems very sad.
—他似乎很傷心。
—So he is.His father passed away yesterday.
—他確實(shí)傷心。他父親昨天去世了。
3.其他特殊的倒裝句式:
(1)以how,when,where,why,who,whom,whose,what等連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,連接詞要用正常語(yǔ)序。
You can have no idea how excited I was then.
你可能想象不到我當(dāng)時(shí)有多么興奮。
(2)以“whatever/however+形容詞/副詞”等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,這些詞后要采用正常語(yǔ)序。
However cold it was,Lenin wore that old coat.
不管有多么冷,列寧總是穿著那件舊大衣。
(3)enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),要放在形容詞或副詞的后邊,修飾名詞時(shí),放在名詞前后都可以,放在名詞前的較常用。
We have a large enough flat(=apartment).
我們有一套夠大的公寓。
People brave enough to take that medicine are all volunteers.夠勇敢服那種藥的人都是志愿者。
(4)在定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)I think等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),把此結(jié)構(gòu)看做插入語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)從句仍用正常語(yǔ)序。
The boy who everyone thought was honest cheated in the exam.大家都認(rèn)為老實(shí)的那個(gè)孩子,在考試中作弊了。
(5)“the+比較級(jí)+主謂,+the+比較級(jí)+主謂”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越……就越……”。
The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.
你工作越努力,你取得的進(jìn)步就越大。
(6)以as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序,其倒裝辦法是提前表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形,提前表語(yǔ)時(shí),若表語(yǔ)為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),要省略不定冠詞。
Peasant as my uncle is,he owns a large fortune.
雖然我叔叔是個(gè)農(nóng)民,但他擁有一大筆財(cái)富。
Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空
1.It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________to return to their homes.
A.the residents would be permitted
B.had the residents been permitted
C.would the residents be permitted
D.the residents had been permitted
答案 C
解析 句意為:據(jù)宣布,只有在火勢(shì)被控制住的時(shí)候居民們才被允許回到家中。that從句中only修飾的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首,后面的主句需用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
2.If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,________.
A.he will either B.neither will he
C.he neither will D.either he will
答案 B
解析 neither引導(dǎo)倒裝句,表示前者不做某事,后者也不做。
3.Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ________.
A.I was neither B.neither was I
C.I was either D.either was I
答案 B
解析 句意為:Bill對(duì)Jason耽誤了報(bào)告的事不高興,我也是(我也不高興)。表示“某人也不……時(shí)”,應(yīng)該用“neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。
4.So much of interest ________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
A.offers Beijing B.Beijing offers
C.does Beijing offer D.Beijing does offer
答案 C
解析 在使用so...that句式時(shí),若so+adj./adv.位于句首,則該句須用倒裝語(yǔ)序,故應(yīng)選擇C項(xiàng)。
5.Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how much I loved them.
A.I realized B.I had realized
C.had I realized D.did I realize
答案 D
解析 考查部分倒裝。“only+狀語(yǔ)”放于句首時(shí)主句用部分倒裝。
6.Not until the motorbike looked almost new ________repairing and cleaning it.
A.he stopped B.did he stop
C.stopped he D.he did stop
答案 B
解析 not until位于句首時(shí),主句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
7.I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom________so lonely as now.
A.have I felt B.I had felt
C.I have felt D.had I felt
答案 A
解析 將現(xiàn)在與以前相比較,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),當(dāng)否定副詞置于句首時(shí),句子要用部分倒裝形式。句意為:……但我很少感覺(jué)到像現(xiàn)在這樣孤獨(dú)。
8.Young ________ he is,he is quite experienced.
A.like B.a(chǎn)s C.so D.such
答案 B
解析 as作“雖然”講時(shí),句子要用倒裝句式即表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。
9.Autumn coming,down________.
A.do the leaves fall B.the leaves will fall
C.fall the leaves D.will the leaves fall
答案 C
解析 考查副詞放句首的全倒裝句式。
10.________it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu bridge.
A.Were B.Should
C.Would D.Will
答案 B
解析 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣省略if的倒裝句。if從句中如果有be/should/had,可以把if省略,把be/should/had提前。
11.Not a single song ______ at yesterday’s party.
A.she sang B.sang she
C.did she sing D.she did sing
答案 C
解析 考查否定詞位于句首時(shí)的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
12.Not only ________English well but also ______ ready to help others.
A.does he speak;he is B.he speaks;is he
C.does he speak;is he D.he speaks;he is
答案 A
解析 not only位于句首時(shí),含not only的句子要用倒裝語(yǔ)序,故選A項(xiàng)。
13.At the sight of the policeman,______from behind the door.
A.did the boy rush out B.the boy rushing out
C.out rushed the boy D.rushing out was the boy
答案 C
解析 考查副詞位于句首時(shí)的全倒裝句。
14.Among the goods ______.
A.Christmas trees and flowers are
B.Christmas trees and flowers were
C.did Christmas trees and flowers be
D.a(chǎn)re Christmas trees and flowers
答案 D
解析 考查表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)的全倒裝句式。
15.So absorbed______in the research that she didn’t hear someone knocking at the door.
A.was she B.she was
C.did she D.she did
答案 A
解析 考查so...that句型,把so+adj./adv.放句首時(shí)的倒裝句。
16.On the top of the hill ________ the old man once lived.
A.a(chǎn) temple stands there in which
B.a(chǎn) temple standing on which
C.does a temple stand where
D.stands a temple where
答案 D
解析 表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)放句首時(shí),句子要用全倒裝語(yǔ)序。
17.He failed the midterm examination and only then ______how much time he had wasted.
A.he realized B.did he realize
C.he had realized D.had he realized
答案 B
解析 only+狀語(yǔ)放句首時(shí),主句用部分倒裝。
18.—I wonder if your wife will go to the ball.
—If she______,so ______I.
A.does;will B.will;does
C.does;do D.would;will
答案 A
解析 so引導(dǎo)倒裝句,表示前者做某事,后者也做某事。if從句不用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),故選A項(xiàng)。
19.In my opinion,all Mr.White ______good to his students in his class at present.He is very strict about their study.
A.does does does B.does do do
C.does does do D.did do does
答案 C
解析 句意為:在我看來(lái),懷特先生目前在課上所做的一切的確對(duì)他的學(xué)生有好處。他對(duì)他們的學(xué)習(xí)要求嚴(yán)格。all Mr.White does是主語(yǔ),does do good to sb.表示“的確/確實(shí)對(duì)……有好處”,故選C項(xiàng)。
20.“Never______to hurt your feeling while I was expressing myself in the discussion,”explained Jim.
A.I expected B.expected I
C.had I expected D.did I expect
答案 D
解析 考查never放句首時(shí)的部分倒裝句。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.Out_rushed(沖出去了) the children.
2.From the valley came_a_frightening_sound (傳來(lái)一陣可怕的聲音).
3.Gone_are_the_days (日子一去不復(fù)返) when we used the foreign oil.
4.Not_until_the_children_fell_asleep_did (直到孩子們睡著了) the mother leave the room.
5.So_proud_was_he (他如此自大) that he never listened to any advice.
6.Beautiful_as_she_is (盡管她很漂亮),she is not clever.
7.Only_in_this_way_can (只有通過(guò)這種方式) we learn English well.
8.Had_you_reviewed_your_lessons (如果你復(fù)習(xí)你的功課的話),you might have passed the exam.
9.He has been to New York,so_have_his_wife_and_children(他妻子和孩子也去過(guò)).
10.He doesn’t do his best to win the game.Neither_does_she(她也沒(méi)盡力).
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
A
Authorities did not release(分布)the gunman’s name,but Peters said he had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois.
DeKalb county coroner(驗(yàn)尸官)Dennis J.Miller on Friday released the identities of the four victims who died in the county:Daniel Parmenter,20,of Westchester;Catalina Garcia,20,of Cicero;RyanneMace,19,of Carpentersville;and Julianna Gehant,32,of Meridan.
“Two other victims died after being transferred to hospitals in other counties”,Miller said.Witnesses said the gunman,dressed in black and wearing a stocking cap,emerged from behind a screen on the stage of 200seat Cole Hall and opened fire just as the class was about to end around 3 p.m.
Officials said 162 students were registered for the class but it was unknown how many were there on Thursday.
Allyse Jerome,19,a sophomore(大二學(xué)生)from Shaumburg,said the gunman burst through a stage door and pulled out a gun.
“Honestly,at first everyone thought it was a joke,”Jerome said.Everyone hit the floor,she said.Then she got up and ran,but tripped.she said she felt like “an open target”.
“He could’ve decided to get me,”Jerome said on Friday.“I thought for sure he was gonna get me.”
Lauren Carrsad said she was sitting in the third row when she saw the shooter walk through a door on the righthand side of the stage,pointing a gun straight ahead.
“I personally armycrawled halfway up the aisle(通道),”said Carr,a 20yearold sophomore.“I said I could get up and run or I could die here.”
She said a student in front of her was bleeding,“but he just kept running”.
More than a hundred students cried and hugged as they gathered outside the Phi Kappa Alpha house early Friday morning to remember Dan Parmenter,who was one of those killed.
1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Everyone thought it was a joke when the gunman appeared in front of them.
B.Peters had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois.
C.162 students were attending a lecture when the gunman emerged from behind the screen.
D.The gunman opened fire as soon as the class came to an end.
答案 A
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段Allyse Jermome的敘述,“Honestly,at first everyone thought it was a joke”可知A項(xiàng)正確。第一段中的“Peters said he had no record of police contact or...”,根據(jù)前半句可知,此處的he是指的the gunman,而不是Peters本人,故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第四段可知,有關(guān)工作人員說(shuō)有162名學(xué)生報(bào)了這個(gè)課,但并不知道案發(fā)時(shí)多少人在場(chǎng),故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。至于D項(xiàng),本文在敘述槍擊事件時(shí)并沒(méi)有提到它是在課堂結(jié)束時(shí)發(fā)生的,所以通過(guò)本文無(wú)法證明其正確性。
2.How many people were shot to death according to the passage?
A.4. B.6. C.8. D.162.
答案 B
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知,縣驗(yàn)尸官M(fèi)iller確認(rèn)身份的有4名死難者,而在第三段,Miller又提到“Two other victims died after being transferred to hospitals in other counties(另外兩個(gè)受害者在被轉(zhuǎn)移到其他縣的醫(yī)院后死亡)”,所以總數(shù)為6個(gè)。
3.The following are not witnesses except________.
A.Peters B.Dennis J.Miller
C.Dan Parmenter D.Lauren Carr
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Peters said he had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois”可知Peters應(yīng)為北伊利諾斯州大學(xué)校方人員;而Dennis J.Miller為驗(yàn)尸官,Dan Parmenter為死亡人員之一,只有Lauren Carr經(jīng)歷了此次事件而且活下來(lái),是槍擊事件的目擊者。
4.What was the first thing that Jerome did when she saw the gunman?
A.She got up and ran out of the room.
B.She hit the floor.
C.She burst through a stage door and pulled out a gun.
D.She tripped and became an “open target”.
答案 B
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Jermome的敘述可知,當(dāng)看到持槍者出現(xiàn)時(shí),每一個(gè)人都hit the floor,自然也包括他自己。
5.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Witnesses Tell of Horrible Experience
B.A Cruel Shooter
C.162 Killed in an Accident
D.An Unknown Gunman
答案 A
解析 主旨大意題。本文主要通過(guò)目擊者介紹了槍擊事件的一些詳情,所以最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)為A項(xiàng):目擊者講述恐怖經(jīng)歷。
B
Sport is not only physically challenging,but it can also be mentally challenging.Criticism from coaches,parents,and other teammates,as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes.Stress can be physical,emotional,or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself.The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.Young athletes can,for example,learn how to cooperate with others,make friends,and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware,at all times,that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children.Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find faults in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children.The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons.In today’s youth sport setting young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find faults with youngsters’ performances.Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome.Research indicates that positive support motivates(激發(fā))and has a greater effect on learning than criticism.Again,criticism can create high levels of stress,which can lead to burnout.
6.An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is________.
A.to make sports less competitive
B.to increase their sense of success
C.to reduce their mental stress
D.to make sports more challenging
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Stress can be physical,emotional,or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.”可知,stress(緊張,壓力)會(huì)導(dǎo)致burnout(激情耗盡;撒手不干),所以阻止這種現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的有效方法就是減少他們的思想壓力。
7.According to the passage,sport is positive for young people in that________.
A.it can help them learn more about society
B.it enables them to find faults in themselves
C.it can provide them with valuable experiences
D.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.”可知C項(xiàng)正確。
8.Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes________.
A.believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
B.without realizing criticism may destroy their selfconfidence
C.in order to make them remember life’s lessons
D.so as to put more pressure on them
答案 B
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章可知,教練和家長(zhǎng)的注意力主要在結(jié)果上,希望運(yùn)動(dòng)員能贏得比賽,批評(píng)多是因?yàn)閷?duì)其表現(xiàn)不滿(mǎn),希望其能做得好些。他們的主觀愿望是好的。但是顯然沒(méi)有意識(shí)到批評(píng)可能使年輕的運(yùn)動(dòng)員對(duì)其從事運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱情盡失,再也提不起興趣,否則就不會(huì)這么做了。
9.According to the passage parents and coaches should_____________________.
A.pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
B.help children to win every game
C.train children to cope with stress
D.enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
答案 A
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知,作者首先指出教練和家長(zhǎng)不應(yīng)讓運(yùn)動(dòng)成為孩子的工作,那樣就會(huì)成為孩子的一種負(fù)擔(dān)。同時(shí)提到比賽的結(jié)果不如學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)動(dòng)的過(guò)程重要,不管結(jié)果如何,教練和家長(zhǎng)都要給孩子正面的鼓勵(lì)而不是批評(píng)。由此可知,作者認(rèn)為教練和家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)當(dāng)將更多的精力放在讓孩子享受運(yùn)動(dòng)的過(guò)程上。
10.The author’s purpose in writing the passage is________.
A.to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B.to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
C.to stress the importance of positive support to children
D.to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement
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