Language Points of Warming and Reading
1.characteristic 【課文原句】
characteristic 1)n..特征；特性
和藹是他的特性之一。Kindness is one of his characteristics.
2) adj.典型的，作為能突出人或者東西的特征的；獨(dú)特的
我聽到我朋友那有特色的笑聲。I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.
常見搭配：be characteristic of 是……的特性
他就是這么遲鈍。Such bluntness is characteristic of him.
2．put forward 【課文原句】
put forward 1)提出（計(jì)劃，主意等）2）推薦，提名 3）（把時(shí)鐘指針）往前撥；將……提前
①他提出一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃讓全體委員審議。He put forward a plan for the committee to consider.
②as the candidate for the chairman of the committee?
③記住今晚把時(shí)鐘指針往前撥。Remember to put your clock forward tonight.
④我們已把婚禮提前了一周。We’ve put the wedding forward by one week.
知識(shí)鏈接：put aside 把……放在一邊，把……擱置起來 put away把 ……收起來，儲(chǔ)蓄
put through 接通電話，完成put back 把……放回原處put down 放下，記下鎮(zhèn)壓
put up 舉起，建造，張貼 put off 推遲 put out熄滅
活學(xué)活用：The workers will go on strike if the demands they are turned down.
A. put aside B. put through C. put forward D. put away
3．conclude vt.&vi.結(jié)束；得出結(jié)論；推斷出；斷定。
1）我們將以國(guó)歌結(jié)束我們的音樂會(huì)。We will conclude our concert with the National Anthem.
2）從證據(jù)來看我敢斷定你錯(cuò)了。From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.
conclusion n.結(jié)論
come to /reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論
4.expert 【課文原句】
expert 1) adj 內(nèi)行的；老練的；熟練的 常與at或 in連用
根據(jù)專家的建議 according to expert advice
熟練的騎手an expert driver
他善于烹制又好吃又便宜的飯菜。He is expert at/in cooking good cheap meals.
expert 2)n. 專家，能手 常與at或 in/on連用
①農(nóng)業(yè)/數(shù)學(xué)/心理學(xué)專家 an expert in agriculture/mathematics/psychology
②凱特是個(gè)幼兒教育專家。Kate is an expert in /at/ on teaching small children.
5.attend vt.&vi. 1)照顧，照料，護(hù)理
①除了Tina.，再無(wú)人照顧他了。There was no one to attend him but Tina.
②哪位護(hù)士在照顧你？Which nurse is attending to you?
2）參加，出席
昨天他沒有參加會(huì)議。He didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.
知識(shí)鏈接：attendance n.出席，參加 attendant n.侍者，服務(wù)員 attend to 處理，對(duì)付；照料attend school/church 去上學(xué)/ 做禮拜attend a meeting/ a lecture參加會(huì)議/聽演講
辨析：attend, join , join in與 take part in
1）attend 出席，參加（會(huì)議、儀式、婚禮等），不強(qiáng)調(diào)參加者在活動(dòng)中所起的作用。
2）join參加組織、團(tuán)體，并成為其中一員；加入一群人，并和他們一起活動(dòng)
3）join in參加（某活動(dòng)），也可用在 join sb. in sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示加入某人一起做某事
4）take part in參加（某活動(dòng)），并在其中起作用
活學(xué)活用：He told me that he had an important party to that night.
A. attend B. join C. join in D .take part in
6．expose 【課文原句】
expose vt.1）使暴露；使面臨；使處于無(wú)遮蔽或不受保護(hù)的狀態(tài)；使受影響；
常見句型：expose sth./sb./oneself to sth
①留在屋里，不要讓皮膚在太陽(yáng)下暴曬。Keep indoors and don’t expose your skin to the sun.
②使士兵冒不必要的危險(xiǎn)expose soldiers to unnecessary risks
③遭受批評(píng)/嘲笑 expose oneself to criticism/ ridicule
④嬰兒被離棄在風(fēng)雨之中。The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.
⑤接觸英語(yǔ)達(dá)六年左右的學(xué)生a student who has been exposed to English for some six years
2）揭露，揭發(fā)；暴露；使曝光
① 揭發(fā)陰謀/犯罪行為expose a plot/ crime
② 他說了那句不妥的話，暴露了他對(duì)此事的無(wú)知。That unfortunate remark exposed his ignorance of the subject.
③使一卷底片曝光expose a reel of film
7.challenge【課文原句】
Challenge 1)n. 挑戰(zhàn)，具有挑戰(zhàn)性的事物。常見結(jié)構(gòu)：
face the challenge 遇到問題，面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)
accept a challenge接受挑戰(zhàn)
issue/offer a challenge提出挑戰(zhàn)
他接到電視辯論的挑戰(zhàn)。He received a challenge to a TV debate.(常與to連用)
2）v.向挑戰(zhàn)……挑戰(zhàn)challenge sb.to sth.就某事向某人挑戰(zhàn)
①他們向我們提出開展友誼競(jìng)賽。They challenge us to a friendly competition.
②他們的學(xué)校向我們學(xué)校挑戰(zhàn)，要進(jìn)行足球比賽。Their school challenged ours to a football match.
8.control 【課文原句】
1) v.控制
①政府試圖極力控制物價(jià)。The government tries its best to control prices.
②他無(wú)法控制自己的憤怒情緒。He cannot control his anger.
2) n.控制；統(tǒng)治；掌握
常用語(yǔ)下列短語(yǔ)：lose control of /be out of control of /go out of control of 對(duì)某事失去控制；
in control of控制……； under the control of 被……控制著
①司機(jī)未能控制好車，撞到樹上了。The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.
②布朗先生管理錢財(cái)。Mr. Brown is in control of the money.
③這筆錢在布朗先生的掌控之下。This money is under the control of Mr. Brown..
9.suggest 【課文原句】
1) .suggest作“暗示，表明，意味著”講時(shí)接的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。
她的口音表明她來自南方。Her accent suggested that she was from the South.
2）suggest作“建議”講時(shí)要接的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形, should可以省略。
我建議我們?nèi)ド虾�。I suggested that we( should )go to Shanghai.
活學(xué)活用：What all the doctors in the hospital said suggested that he badly wounded and they suggested that he at once. A.should be; be operated on B.were; must be operated on
C.were; should be operated on D.was ;be operated on
10.absorb 【課文原句】
absorb vt. 1)吸收
①干土吸水快。Dry earth absorbs water quickly.
②他們吸收了大量的羅馬文化。They absorbed a great deal of Roman culture.
2)吸引；使專心；使全神貫注
小姑娘正在全神貫注地閱讀一篇故事。The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale.
常見結(jié)構(gòu)： be absorbed in全神貫注于 absorb …from 從……中吸收be absorbed by 被……吞并；為……所吸收 absorb sb.’s attention引起某人的注意
For the next two hours she was the film, so she didn’t notice what happened around her.
A. engaged in B.busy in C.absorbed in D. occupied with
11.severe 【課文原句】
Severe adj. 1)嚴(yán)重的；劇烈的；強(qiáng)烈的
激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)severe competition
嚴(yán)寒的天氣sever cold
劇痛severe pain
強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴a severe storm
牙痛的劇烈發(fā)作a severe attack of toothache
2）嚴(yán)厲的；苛刻的；嚴(yán)格的
苛刻的主人a severe master
嚴(yán)父a severe father
嚴(yán)肅的神色severe look
嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律a severe discipline
對(duì)孩子嚴(yán)厲be severe with one’s children
12. be to blame【課文原句】
be to blame“該受責(zé)備的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任 ”通常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。
我們認(rèn)為你不應(yīng)該受責(zé)備。We consider that you are not to blame.
拓展：blame 1）vt. 指責(zé)；歸咎于；歸因于。常見結(jié)構(gòu)：
blame sb. for sth./doing sth責(zé)備某人（做了）某事
blame sth. on sb.把……歸咎于某人
他們把此次錯(cuò)誤歸咎于喬治(George ).They blame George for the failure of the action./They blame the failure of the action on George.
2)vi. 常見結(jié)構(gòu)sb/sth is to blame for sth.某人（某事）應(yīng)負(fù)……的責(zé)任；……是……的起因
對(duì)造成此次歐洲最嚴(yán)重的失業(yè)，該政策應(yīng)負(fù)部分責(zé)任。The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment.
3)n. 責(zé)任；過失；責(zé)備。常見結(jié)構(gòu)：
take the blame for 承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任
lay/put the blame for sth. on sb.把某事歸咎于某人
13.handle 【課文原句】
handle 1) n.柄，把手
門，杯子，抽屜的把手 a door/cup/drawer handle
2)v.處理，應(yīng)付，控制
①我管不住孩子們。I can’t handle children.
②她巧妙地應(yīng)付了一場(chǎng)艱難的辯論。She handled a difficult argument skilfully..
14.link 【課文原句】
.link 1) v. 連接 常與介詞to,together,with等連用，意為“把……連接以來”
這兩個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)有一條鐵路連接起來。A railway links the two towns together.=The two towns are linked by a railway.=This town is linked to/with that one by a railway.
2) n.連接，聯(lián)系，關(guān)系，環(huán)
吸煙和癌癥密切有關(guān)。There is a close link between smoking and lung cancer.
15.have sth. done【課文原句】
have sth. done常用于1）請(qǐng)/讓別人做某事 2）經(jīng)歷/遭遇（一些不好的事）
1）我們請(qǐng)了一位過路人給我們拍照。We had our photo taken by a passer-by.(=We had a passer-by take our photo.)
2）她在回家的路上錢包被偷了。She had her purse stolen on her way home.
區(qū)別：have sb. do.使某人做某事 have sb./sth. doing使某人或者某物一直處于某種狀態(tài)。
The director had her assistant some hot dogs for the meeting.
A. picked up B. picks up C .pick up D. picking up
16.announce 【課文原句】
Announce vt. 宣布，宣告；通報(bào)；預(yù)告
1）鮮艷的花朵和翠綠的樹木表明春天到了。The bright flowers and green trees announced that spring was here.
2）他們預(yù)告說不久寒流就要到來。They announced that a cold wave would come soon.
知識(shí)鏈接：announcement n.宣告；宣布 announcer宣布者，廣播員
It has been announced that…已宣布……
17.defeat 【課文原句】
1)vt. 擊��；戰(zhàn)勝；挫敗 他三盤擊敗了冠軍。He defeated the champion in three sets.
2)n.擊��；失敗 今年我們失敗過兩次。We had two defeats this year.
辨析：defeat/ beat/win
1)defeat 和beat意義與用法相似，一般可以互換，兩者通常接表示人或團(tuán)體的名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。但beat側(cè)重于在比賽中擊敗對(duì)手，defeat既可在比賽中也可在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上擊敗對(duì)手。
①我們終于戰(zhàn)勝了敵人。We defeated the enemy at last.
②昨天下棋我贏了約翰。I beat/defeated John at chess yesterday.
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