Grammar教案
一、章節(jié)分析
（一）綜述
本章節(jié)主要語法---情態(tài)動詞是表示說話人的情緒,態(tài)度或語氣等，本身有一定的詞義，這一點(diǎn)與實(shí)義動詞相近，但情態(tài)動詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語, 只能輔助其他動詞構(gòu)成謂語。本章節(jié)語法要讓學(xué)生對情態(tài)動詞的基本含義，及用法有基本的了解。
（二）目標(biāo)
講解幾個(gè)重點(diǎn)和較為常用的情態(tài)動詞的相關(guān)用法。
（三）方法
口語情景教學(xué)法。（教師創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，通過對于課文和日常生活的談?wù)�，在口頭表達(dá)之中加操練態(tài)動詞的運(yùn)用）
（四）重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)
A部分的情態(tài)動詞must, have to, should, ought to
二、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)（Teaching Designs）
教學(xué)內(nèi)容教學(xué)實(shí)施建議教學(xué)資源參考
Lead ?in 1.Warming up
?Present the students with the situation in which people must do sth and mustn`t do sth at a swimming pool.
《牛津英語》課本
Practice在進(jìn)行了短暫熱身練習(xí)之后，教師可以將更多其他常用的情態(tài)動詞展現(xiàn)給學(xué)生。
Can, could will, would
May, might shall, should
Understanding modal verbs by doing more practice:《牛津英語》課本
Exercises and homework教師自編題目和書后練習(xí)結(jié)合操練《牛津英語》課本
本單元的語法部分重點(diǎn)情態(tài)動詞有：
Can, could will, would need, have to, must
May, might shall, should，
我們在教學(xué)過程中，可以參考課文中的一些句型或者練習(xí)冊中得內(nèi)容
[鏈接1]
說明：
這是一份關(guān)于情態(tài)動詞的教案。
Teaching procedures:
Step one:
?Present the students with the situation in which people must do sth and mustn`t do sth at a swimming pool.
Examples:
1. Excuse me, you must not smoke
2.You must not dive
3.You must not flight.
4.You must wear a swimming costume
5. You must shower before entering
Step Two:
(在進(jìn)行了短暫熱身練習(xí)之后，教師有意識地將書中其他使役情態(tài)動詞have to, ought to, ought not to 的用法呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生。)
1. “have to” practice Present students with Exercise A2, asking them to make a dialogue
a.m.RockySmiley and Moaner
4:00get upget up
4:15run six milescycle with Rocky
6:30swim 1 kmswim with him
7:30eat a big breakfastprepare his food
8:00restplan Rocky`s training
S1: When does Rocky have to get up in the morning?
S2: He has to get up at 4a.m.
S1: What do Smiley and Moaner have to do while Rocky is running?
S2: They have to cycle with Rockey.
2. “Ought to, ought not to” practice (P10)
S1: Ought he to throw his racket in the air?
S2: No, he ought not to throw his racket in the air.
S1: Ought he be rude to his opponent?
S2: No, he ought not to be rude to his opponent.
(這部分是按照書上的情景對話，讓學(xué)生在情景中自然的使用了情態(tài)動詞，這種練習(xí)比較生活化，對學(xué)生來說也比較簡單，但是還不足以掌握情態(tài)動詞的更加深入的用法，所以在下一個(gè)步驟，教師有必要將主要的情態(tài)動詞做系統(tǒng)講解。但是要把握難易度，不易太難。)
Step Three: Basic use of model verbs
1）表示義務(wù)。意為“必須”（主觀意志）。
1.We must do everything step by step.
2.You mustn’t talk to her like that.
3. --Must we hand in our exercise-books now?
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
Mustn’t是“不許”、“決不能”的意思，不是“不必”。因此在例3中否定回答用needn’t
2）表示揣測。意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定句往往用can’t，因?yàn)閙ustn’t是“不許”，“決不能”的意思。
1. He must be ill. He looks so pale.
否定：He can’t be ill. He is so energetic.
2. Carol must get very bored in her job. She does the same thing every day. 。
否定： Carol can’t be very bored in her job. She does different things every day.
對過去發(fā)生的事情表示揣測。
I’ve lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere.
Practice:
1. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn’t much time left.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
2. Amy did best in the English test. She __________ hard last week.
A. must have worked B. should have worked
C. should work D. must work
Keys: 1. B 2. A
must表示主觀意志，而have 重在客觀因素。但有時(shí)候must和have to 可以互換。
1. She’s a really nice person. You must meet her.
2. I haven’t phoned Ann for ages. I must phone her tonight.
Practice:
Translation:
1. 他的視力很差，不戴眼鏡無法讀書。
His eyesight isn’t very good. I have to wear glasses for reading.
2. 好長時(shí)間沒有給Ann聯(lián)系了，我今晚必須給她打個(gè)電話。
You can’t turn right here. You have to turn left.
總結(jié)：must基本用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)，除在間接引語中可用于表示過去時(shí)間外，其它情況用“have to”。
1. should
1) should表義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該”（某件事宜于做），用于各種人稱。語氣沒有must強(qiáng)烈。
You should be polite to your teachers.
You shouldn’t waste any time.
2）表推測，意為“想必一定、照說應(yīng)該、估計(jì)”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first—class actors.
They should be home by now.
3) 表看法或建議
The government should do more to help homeless people.
Do you think I should apply for the job?
4）表期待
She’s been studying hard for the exam, so she should pass.
There are plenty of hotels in the town. It shouldn’t be difficult to find somewhere to stay.
2. shall
1. Shall I/we do sth …?= would you like me to do sth
2. Shall he/ they…?
Shall 用于第一人稱，表示征求對方的意見。用于二;三人稱,表說話人給對方的
命令,警告,允諾或威脅.
Practice:
1. He _____ be punished if he keeps on cheating in exams.
A.should B. must
C. shall D. will
2. ____ I fetch some chalk for you, Mr. Smith?
A.Can B. May
C. Should D. Shall
Keys: 1. C 2. D
1）表示能力，could主要指過去時(shí)間。
Two eyes can see more than one.
Could the girl read before she went to school?？
2）表示可能（理論上或是邏輯判斷上）。
The temperature can fall to ?60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.
He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car.
3）表示允許。
Can I have a look at your new pen?
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.
4）表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。
Where can (could) they have gone to?
How can you be so careless? 你怎么這么粗心？
5）比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand?
I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today.
Practice:
1. He _____________flee Europe before the war
broke out.
A. could B. was able to C. A & B
2. ?Could I borrow your dictionary?
--- Of course you ______.
A. could B. will C. can D. should
Keys: 1. B 2. C
1）表允許，might可以指過去時(shí)間，也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語氣更委婉。
You may take whatever you like.
He told me that I might smoke in the room.
2）表可能（事實(shí)上）。might可以指過去時(shí)間，也可以指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，但語氣更加不肯定。
He may be at home.
She may not know about it.
Practice:
Translation:
1．老板不在辦公室，他可能在打高爾夫球。
The boss isn’t in the office. He might be playing golf.
2. 剛才走過去的人可能是你的叔叔。
The man who passed by might be your uncle.
4. Consolidation (More Practice about Model Verbs)
Translation:
1．我們家里有足夠的食物，不需要買什么了。
2你前日沒必要把車賣掉，沒錢你可以找我借嘛。
3．我們都知道她錯(cuò)了，但沒有一個(gè)人敢對她說。
4. 你怎么敢這么跟我說話?
5. 那個(gè)餐館肯定不錯(cuò)，總是顧客盈門。
Key for reference
1. We have enough food at home so we needn’t go shopping now.
2. You needn’t have sold your car. You might have come to me for money.
3. We all knew she was wrong, but none of us dared to tell her.
4. How dare you speak to me in such a way.
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