寫作是英語詞匯，語法和語言運(yùn)用各方面能力的真實(shí)反映。高考中的書面表達(dá)是一種有控制的寫作（controlled writing），或稱為有指導(dǎo)的作文（guided composition）。凡
是平時不愛動筆的同學(xué)，應(yīng)該立刻行動，每日或三句，或五句，趕緊寫起來，否則悔之晚矣。
《考試大綱》對書面表達(dá)作了如下規(guī)定：要求考生根據(jù)所給情景，用英語寫一篇一百個單詞左右的短文。情景包括目的、對象、時間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容等；提供情景的形式有圖畫、圖表、提綱等。
書面表達(dá)的質(zhì)量要求：
�。�1）要點(diǎn)全面、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、語句連貫。
�。�2）能用書寫體熟練清楚地書寫，格式、連筆、詞距、標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確。
（3）書寫格式、行文及禮貌用語等無嚴(yán)重錯誤。
（4）基本語法和常用句型無嚴(yán)重錯誤，意思表達(dá)清楚。
�。�5）鼓勵使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，新穎詞匯和順暢連接。所謂復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)包括定語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝、被動、虛擬、非謂語短語、so…that、和with加復(fù)合賓語等。
在寫作文時應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
�。�1）仔細(xì)審題，看清題目要求與注意事項(xiàng)。
（2）確定文章類型，如是記敘文，一般用過去時，如是說明文，主要用現(xiàn)在時。
（3）看全內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，主要內(nèi)容缺一不可。
（4）盡量寫草稿，實(shí)在沒時間也要寫一個簡略題綱。
�。�5）用你見過的句型來寫，不生造中國式的英文。
�。�6）寫好首句尾句，注意關(guān)聯(lián)詞語的使用。
�。�7）記敘文注意who,what,where,when,which,why,how
�。�8）議論文注意論點(diǎn)論據(jù)。
（9）可適當(dāng)使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和新穎詞匯，但應(yīng)以準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)意思為第一原則。
�。�10）書寫規(guī)范，卷面整潔也要重視。
（11）一般十句話即可達(dá)到字?jǐn)?shù)要求
�。�12）寫完后要以短文改錯的精神復(fù)核全文，重點(diǎn)看動詞的形式。
練習(xí)與解析--練習(xí)舉例
2014年全國（卷1）
書面表達(dá)(共25分)
假設(shè)你是李華，你在報(bào)上看到北京電視臺今年七月將舉辦外國人“學(xué)中文，唱中文歌”才藝大賽。你的美國朋友Peter正在北京一所大學(xué)學(xué)中文，你覺得他應(yīng)去試一試。請按以下要點(diǎn)給他寫信告知此事，并表示可以提供幫助。
比賽時間：7 月18日
報(bào)名時間：截止到6月30日
報(bào)名地點(diǎn)：北京電視臺
注意：
1.詞數(shù)：100左右
2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫
3.參考詞匯：才藝大賽-talent show
Dear Peter,
Yours, Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear Peter,
I read in a newspaper today that a “Learn Chinese, Sing Chinese Songs” Foreigners’ Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18. I know you like singing, and you are in Beijing during that period. I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. If you would like to try, you'll have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June. If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.
評分原則：
1、本題總分25分，其中內(nèi)容和語言占24分，詞數(shù)占1分。按7個檔次給分。
2、評分時，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。詞數(shù)在90—110之間的，加1分。
3、詞數(shù)不夠80和多于120的，從總分中減去2分。
4、評分時，應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性及語言的得體性。
5、拼寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一方面，評分時，應(yīng)視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。
6、如書寫較差，以至影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個檔次。
7、語言首先要求準(zhǔn)確通順。
8、鼓勵寫出新穎詞匯，順暢連接和復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)舉例（定語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝、被動、虛擬、非謂語短語、so…that、with加復(fù)合賓語及名詞性從句）。
自我訓(xùn)練
�。�1）
請根據(jù)下列內(nèi)容提示寫一封致歉信給你的朋友Alan。他住在Driffield。假設(shè)你名叫Tom，住在Pigston。詞數(shù)100左右。
apologize about last Thursday
did not come to see you
lost my wallet— found it
too late for the train
took the bus, but a wrong one
went to Milford
didn’t speak to you on the phone— tried, no answer
fix some other time
�。�2）
根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容用英語寫一篇日記。
今天是12月10日，星期一。你在上學(xué)途中，突然聽到不遠(yuǎn)處傳來呼救聲。你跑過去，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個小男孩在水中掙扎。你放下書包，衣服來不及脫就跳進(jìn)河里去救她。河水很冷，你凍得發(fā)抖，但仍然繼續(xù)往前游，最后把他拉上岸。這時孩子的母親趕到了，她非常感激你，問你叫什么名字，你笑了笑說：“我是共青團(tuán)員”。
�。�3）
請同學(xué)們寫一篇短文介紹港口城市青島，內(nèi)容要求如下：
1、位于山東省東部。
2、以藍(lán)色的大海，美麗的海濱而聞名，是避暑勝地。
3、每年夏天來自全國各地成千上萬的人們到這里沿海漫步、游泳、購物、觀賞秀麗景色。
4、近年來城市發(fā)生巨大變化，對發(fā)展我國對外貿(mào)易起重要作用，成為國際港口城市。
�。�4）
寫一篇詞數(shù)約80—100的留言條。
內(nèi)容提示：
1、假定你叫Mary，原與Alice約好星期日一起去北京動物園。
2、不巧，你小妹妹生病了，你得帶她去醫(yī)院看病。
3、北京動物園離Alice家較遠(yuǎn)，Alice家在西單。
4、你建議Alice在西單乘15路公共汽車去動物園，15路直達(dá)動物園。
5、因是星期天，有許多人乘車去，交通是會緊張的。
6、祝Alice玩的愉快。
要求：注意寫字條的格式。
�。�5）
你校擬進(jìn)行一次以“My Future”為主題的英語演講會，假如你被推選去參加演講，請你按提綱寫出演講稿：
1、我決定當(dāng)一名中學(xué)教師，當(dāng)教師是我孩提時代的夢想。
2、我認(rèn)為，和孩子們打交道并不是浪費(fèi)時間，而是很幸福的。
3、我國教師缺乏，想當(dāng)教師的人不多，主要原因是當(dāng)教師工作辛苦，收入不高。盡管這樣，我還是決心獻(xiàn)身于教育事業(yè)。
�。�6）
以《The Value of Time》為題目寫一篇短文。
提示：
1、時間比金錢更重要、寶貴，要珍惜時間。
2、時間對每個人來說是有限的，應(yīng)充分利用大好時光為國家效力。
3、指出有些人沒有認(rèn)識時間的價(jià)值。
4、養(yǎng)成良好的節(jié)約時間的好習(xí)慣，今日事今日畢。
（7）
根據(jù)提示寫一封感謝信。
假定你叫李偉，是北京二中高一學(xué)生。前些天你叔叔來信祝賀你的生日，并寄給你一本英漢詞典作為生日禮物，為此你給他寫一封信表示感謝，并告訴他最近你在市英語口語競賽中獲一等獎。寫信日期為2000年6月8日。
參考答案
(1)
Dear Alan,
I’m writing to apologize about last Thursday. I am terribly sorry that I didn’t go to see you, for I lost my wallet. Anyway, I found it. But it was too late for the train. I had to take the bus. What a pity that I took a wrong one. It went to Milford. There, I waited for half an hour for a bus to Driffield. It was much worse that on the way to your home, the bus broke down. So I just went back home to Pigston. I really do apologize because I didn’t speak to you on the phone, but it wasn’t my fault. I tried several times, but there was no answer.
Anyway, how about next Thursday?
Love,
Tom
(2)
Dec. 10, Monday, Fine
This morning I was on my way to school when I heard someone not far away crying for help. I ran over to see what had happened. Finding a boy struggling in the river, I put down my schoolbag and jumped into the river to save him without taking off my clothes. The water was so cold that I kept trembling. But I encouraged myself to swim forward. At last, I pulled him to the bank. Just then the boy’s mother came and said, “Without you, my son might have drown. I ‘m so thankful to you. May I have your name, please?” I just smiled, saying, “I’m a League Member.”
(3)
The city of Qingdao is in the east of Shangdong Rrovince. It is famous for the blue sea and beautiful beaches. It is a wonderful place for summer holidays. Tens of thousands of people from all parts of the country visit Qingdao every summer. They walk along the beach, go swimming or do some shopping. They can see fine view of the city.
Great changes have taken place in Qingdao in the recent years. It has played an important part in the development of the foreign trade of our country. It has become an international port city.
(4)
Alice,
I’m very sorry to tell you that I can’t go with you to the Beijing Zoo this afternoon because my little sister is seriously ill and I have to take her to hospital.
The Beijing Zoo is far away from your home. You can go there by bus. As you live near Xidan, you can take Bus No. 15 at Xidan. That’ll take you straight to the Beijing Zoo. Today is Sunday. There are a lot of people going by bus. The traffic is very heavy.
I hope you have a wonderful time
Mary
(5)
My fellow classmates:
Every one of us is thinking about the future. What is mine? I have decided to become a middle school teacher. Does it sound surprising?
I had this dream when I was only a child. I love children. I don’t think to deal with them all year round is just wasting time. On the contrary it would mean happiness to me. As we all can see, teachers are badly needed in our country, but not many of us want to become teachers. One of the main reasons for this is that teachers work too hard but get too little. In spite of that, I’m determined to devote all my life to the cause of education.
(6)
The Value of Time
A proverb says “Time is money.” But in my opinion, time is even more precious than money. Why? Because when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is gone, it will never return. This is the reason why we must value time.
The time we can use is limited. Therefore, even an hour is extremely precious. We should make full use of our time to do useful things. As students we must not relax our efforts to learn our lessons so as to serve society and our nation in the future.
But it is pity that there were a lot of people who do not know the importance of time. They spend their precious time smoking, drinking and chatting. They do not realize that wasting time is equal to wasting a part of their valuable life.
In a word, we should form the good babit of saving time. Do not put off what can be done today until tomorrow.
(7)
No. 2 Middle School
Beijing
June 8th, 2000
Dear Uncle,
It was very kind of you to remember my birthday, and I thank you very much for the English-Chinese dictionary and for your good wishes. I have already begun to use the dictionary, and I love it.
I am glad to tell you that I won the first prize in spoken English contest held in our city recently. I am sure you will be glad to hear that, and I’ll do my best to work harder and make more progress.
Yours sincerely
Li Wei
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