非金屬氫化物(HF、HCl、H2O、H2S、NH3)

1、還原性:

4HCl(濃)+MnO2===MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O

4HCl(g)+O2===2Cl2+2H2O

16HCl+2KMnO4===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O

14HCl+K2Cr2O7===2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O

2H2O+2F2===4HF+O2

2H2S+3O2(足量)===2SO2+2H2O

2H2S+O2(少量)===2S+2H2O

2H2S+SO2===3S+2H2O

H2S+H2SO4(濃)===S+SO2+2H2O

3H2S+2HNO(稀)===3S+2NO+4H2O

5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O

3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2O

H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOH

2NH3+3CuO===3Cu+N2+3H2O

2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl

8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4Cl

4NH3+3O2(純氧)===2N2+6H2O

4NH3+5O2===4NO+6H2O

4NH3+6NO===5N2+6H2O(用氨清除NO)

NaH+H2O===NaOH+H2

4NaH+TiCl4===Ti+4NaCl+2H2

CaH2+2H2O===Ca(OH)2+2H2

2、酸性:

4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O

(此反應(yīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于測(cè)定礦樣或鋼樣中SiO2的含量)

2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HCl

H2S+Fe===FeS+H2

H2S+CuCl2===CuS+2HCl

H2S+2AgNO3===Ag2S+2HNO3

H2S+HgCl2===HgS+2HCl

H2S+Pb(NO3)2===PbS+2HNO3

H2S+FeCl2===

2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2

(NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3)

3，堿性：

NH3+HCl===NH4Cl

NH3+HNO3===NH4NO3

2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4

NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===NaHCO3+NH4Cl

(此反應(yīng)用于工業(yè)制備小蘇打，蘇打)

4，不穩(wěn)定性：

2HF===H2+F2

2HCl===H2+Cl2

2H2O===2H2+O2

2H2O2===2H2O+O2

H2S===H2+S

2NH3===N2+3H2

本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/gaokao/1216045.html

相關(guān)閱讀：2019高考物理考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)分析