高考英語易錯點:定語從句
引導定語從句的關系代詞有that, which, who (賓格whom,所有格whose)和關系副詞 where when why 等,關系代詞或關系副詞在定語從句中充當一個成分,關系代詞that,which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語或賓語,whose在從句中作定語,而關系副詞when,where,why等在從句中作狀語。
如:①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.
、贗 will never forget the days which/that we spent together.
解析:在句①中,表示時間的名詞the days在從句中充當?shù)氖菭钫Z,所以用關系副詞when來代指,引導定語從句修飾先行詞the days;而在句②中,表示時間的名詞the days在從句中充當?shù)氖莿釉~spent的賓語,所以用關系代詞that或which來代指。
同樣,表示地點或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語,則用關系副詞where 或why來代指;如果在從句中作動詞的賓語,則用which或that來代替。
如:①This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作狀語)
、赥his is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作賓語)
注:當先行詞為time,reason, place時,引導詞可以省略。如:
① This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss.
、 That is the reason (why) I did it.
、 This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
另外,定語從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)應與先行詞的數(shù)相一致。如:
① Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.0
、 He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.
解析:在句①中,先行詞foreigner被only修飾,強調只有一個,所以從句中謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,而在句②中,who引導的定語從句修飾先行詞the students,為復數(shù),所以從句謂語動詞應為復數(shù)。
感悟:學生之所以在這一點上經常出錯,主要是對定語從句的理解不夠深刻,分辨不出主句和從句,對句子成分的把握也不到位,搞不清關系代詞或關系副詞在從句中充當何種句子成分。所以要做好這一類題,要首先弄清關系代詞和關系副詞的用法,而且應善于分辨和分析句子結構及其相應成分,這樣才能對癥下藥,快速準確地找到瓿之所在。
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