詞句推斷題是高考閱讀理解試題中的一種常見題型，旨在考查考生在不使用詞典的情況根據(jù)材料背景和上下文等線索推測詞、句的確切含義的能力。這類試題包括對生詞生義的推測、熟詞生義的推測、以及對it/they/them等代詞的確指對象的判斷等。這類試題的設(shè)問方式主要有：
(1)What does the underlined word “them/it” refer to?
(2)In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).
(3)according to the passage,... probably means
(4)The author uses the word... to mean.
(5)The underlined phrase “punch line”most probably means______.
(6)The underlined word “one” could best be replaced by ______.
(7)What does “garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for?
(8)“But we stuck it”(in paragraph 3) means ______.
(9) “Professional work” as used in the text means ______.
(10)What does the author mean when he says, “we can’t turn the clock back”?
(11)Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?
(12)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？
下面再結(jié)合全國高考閱讀試題中的實例來說明做推測詞義題的幾種基本的技巧。
1. 據(jù)詞或詞組的指代對象確定其詞義。如：
Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career,” he said…
Which of the following words can take the place of the word “career” in the first paragraph?
A. conclusion B. story C. incident D. job
這道題實際上要讀者推測“career”的詞義。根據(jù)“this”的基本用法(this可以指代前文提到過的事情)，我們知道“this career”指的是“Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes”這句話所表示的意思。顯然，“help people bitten by snake”是“Shu Pulong”作為一名蛇醫(yī)的工作職責。四個選項中只有“job”符合這句話的意思，因此D選項是可以考慮的選項。
又如：Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age…
“Professional work” as used in the text means______.
A. ordinary school work B. moneymaking performances
C. stage training at school D. acting, singing or dancing after class
“professional work”指的是與一個人所從事的專業(yè)或職業(yè)相關(guān)的工作，在不同的行業(yè)，“專業(yè)工作”或“職業(yè)工作”(professional work)有不同的含義。對一個戲劇學校來說，它的“專業(yè)工作”或“職業(yè)工作”自然是戲劇理論方面的學習或舞臺訓練，因此，C選項符合文意，是正確答案。
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