一、考綱要求
根據(jù)考綱的要求,虛擬語(yǔ)氣部分主要考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中、在名詞性從句中、在簡(jiǎn)單句中或在日常交際中的使用等基本用法。
二、命題導(dǎo)向
依據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷虛擬語(yǔ)氣的不同形式是高考試題的主要設(shè)題方法之一。在近年的中,出現(xiàn)了對(duì)陳述語(yǔ)氣與虛擬語(yǔ)氣辨析的考查。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句中的應(yīng)用是該部分的重點(diǎn)掌握內(nèi)容。
三、復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式,說(shuō)話人陳述的并不是事實(shí),而是表達(dá)一種愿望、假設(shè)和猜測(cè)等。只有在非真實(shí)的條件句中才使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,如果假設(shè)的條件有可能實(shí)現(xiàn),用真實(shí)條件句。如果假設(shè)的條件無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小,則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況主要有下列幾種:
1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的運(yùn)用
(1) if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
非真實(shí)條件句表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小假設(shè)。條件句與主句皆須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)態(tài)形式有三種:
、俦硎九c現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be一般用were)”,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如:
If you were the UN Secretary General, could you stop the wars on the earth?
If he had a chance, he would/should/ might/could choose to study abroad。
、诒硎九c過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞”,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should (would, could, might)+have+過(guò)去分詞”。
【記憶小竅門(mén)】可提到句首的詞有三個(gè):had, should和were。諧音記憶:一馬當(dāng)先“還屬我”。
、呛钐摂M條件句
有時(shí),可不用條件句表示一個(gè)非真實(shí)的條件,而用一些介詞短語(yǔ)或通過(guò)上下文中暗含某種非真實(shí)的條件,這種句子叫做“含蓄條件句”。例如:
、偻ㄟ^(guò)with, without, but for和動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)等表示虛擬的條件
She’d look better with shorter hair. =if she had her hair cut shorter
Without your help, we could not have completed the task ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help…
But for the heavy snow, I could have gone on holiday. =If there had not been the heavy snow…
She would be shocked to hear the news. =If she heard the news…
It would be easier to do it in this way. =If you did it in this way…
、诰渲泻衞r, or else, otherwise, but等詞語(yǔ),暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us。
Luckily Mary telephoned to inform me of the meeting, or would have been I absent。
I should have attended my friend’s wedding ceremony, but I couldn’t afford the time。
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