2012屆高考英語一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義精品薈萃外研版必修四odule 6
知識詳解
1 claim v． 聲稱；主張；要求；索賠
n． 斷言；權(quán)利；要求權(quán)；所有權(quán)
(回歸本P52)Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature，Xue Junlin，a local photographer，claimed that its head looked like a horse.盡管沒有人看清楚過這個神秘的怪物，但當(dāng)?shù)匾晃粩z影師薛俊林聲稱：怪物的頭看起像馬頭。
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歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①(朗P318)They put in a claim on the insurance for the stolen luggage.
他們在行李被偷后向保險公司提出索賠要求。
②(朗P318)Lost property can be claimed between 10 a．m. and 4 p．m..
可于上午10點至下午4點之間認(rèn)領(lǐng)失物。
③She claimed to have ever been met by the president.
她宣稱曾被總統(tǒng)接見過。
④The old man claimed the land.老人要求得到這塊土地。
易混辨析
claim，declare，announce
claim指通常并沒有證據(jù)的宣稱。
declare一般指在正式場合宣布官方的立場或態(tài)度等。
announce泛指宣布某一消息或某事；預(yù)示著……的到。
①He claimed to have paid.
②The U．S. declared_war on England in 1812.
③Everyone was silent as he announced the list.
即境活用
1．Every citizen in a democratic country may________the protection of the la
A．declare B．claim
C．a(chǎn)sk D．a(chǎn)nnounce
解析：選B。句意為“民主國家的每一位公民都可以要求法律的保護(hù)”。claim(根據(jù)權(quán)利)對……提出要求；declare斷言，宣稱；announce宣布，宣告，發(fā)表。
2.When I was a child，fishermen and sailors sometimes ________to have seen monsters in the sea.
A．a(chǎn)ppeared B．published
C．claimed D．happened
解析：選C。句意是：當(dāng)我還是個小孩子的時候，漁夫和水手有時聲稱看到過海里的妖怪。此句要用claimed表示“聲稱”。
2 fortune n． 運氣；命運；財富
(回歸本P59)So the Chinese dragon was a bringer of good fortune.
因此，中國龍能帶好運氣。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①He won the game by good fortune.
他靠運氣贏得了比賽。
②These two brothers decided to go to America to seek their fortunes.
這兄弟倆決定去美國尋找致富之路。
③any people went to cities to make their fortune.
為了發(fā)財，很多人都去了城里。
④He’s fortunate in having a good job，since business is bad nowadays.
他有一份好工作真幸運，因為近生意不好做。
即境活用
3．I have had the good________to work with some experts.
A．worth B．fortune
C．wealth D．reputation
解析：選B。該處強調(diào)與專家一起工作是幸運的。worth“價值，財產(chǎn)”；wealth“財富，財產(chǎn)”；reputation“名譽”。
3 reputation n． 名譽；名聲；聲望；榮譽，信譽
(回歸本P59)But in the west，dragons had a different reputation.
但是在西方，龍有著截然不同的名聲。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①(朗P1674)artin lived up to his reputation and arrived late.
馬丁果然不出所料，姍姍遲。
②(朗P1674)His approach had won him a reputation as a tough manager.
作為經(jīng)理，他的辦事方法使他以強硬著稱。
③The restaurant has a good reputation.
這家餐館名聲很好。
即境活用
4.I am surprised that a company with such good________would produce such poor quality goods.
A．translation
B．reputation
C．population
D．evolution
解析：選B。句意是：擁有那樣一個好的聲譽的公司竟然生產(chǎn)出那樣低劣的產(chǎn)品，我真是感到驚奇。translation翻譯；reputation聲譽；population人口；evolution進(jìn)化。
5．(南京市模擬)The girl has no________at all.She is still trying to please her boyfriend，even though he is so cold.
A．character B．reputation
C．dignity D．figure
解析：選C。考查名詞辨析。句意“這個女孩沒有尊嚴(yán)可言。她還是想討好她的男朋友，盡管他是那么冷淡�！眂haracter“性格”；reputation“名聲”；figure“身材”。
4 die out 滅絕；逐漸消失
(回歸本P56)Perhaps too much fighting caused the dinosaurs to die out.
或許是因為太多的爭斗使恐龍滅絕了。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①(朗P559)If the ocean becomes too salty, certain types of marine life die out.
如果海水鹽分太大，一些海洋物種就會滅絕。
②any old customs are gradually dying out.
許多舊習(xí)俗都在日漸消失。
③The music died away as we closed the door.
由于我們關(guān)上門了，音樂聲變?nèi)趿恕?br />④The animals are dying off because of the destruction of the forests.
由于森林被破壞，動物在逐漸死去。
⑤The storm has died down.
暴風(fēng)雨已漸漸停了。
即境活用
6．If too many of these rare animals are killed，their species will die________.
A．a(chǎn)way B．off
C．out D．down
解析：選C。句意“如果這些稀有動物過多地被殺，這些物種將會滅絕�！�
7．(湖北天門中學(xué)模擬)On the Eve of the Spring Festival，we Chinese people like to play with fireworks，and the noise doesn’t________until after midnight.
A．die away B．die off
C．die out D．die down
解析：選D�？疾閯釉~短語�！霸诔σ梗覀冎袊讼矚g燃放煙花，鞭炮聲就是過了半夜也不會減弱�！�
5 come straight to the point 談?wù)}；開門見
(回歸本P58)I’ll come straight to the point.
我這就談?wù)}。
歸納總結(jié)
to the point切題，中肯,
off the point偏離要點，離題,
on the point of就要……的時候,
there’s no point(in)doing sth.做某事沒有意,
when it comes/came to the point到了關(guān)鍵時刻，到該做決定時
例句探
①Let’s come straight to the point—when will you pay the money back to me?
我們開門見地說吧——你什么時候還我錢？
②The letter was short and to the point.
這封信簡短而切中主題。
③Your criticism is off the point.
你的批評離題了。
④When it comes to the point，I am prepared to resign over this.
到了關(guān)鍵時刻，我愿為此辭職。
⑤There’s no point in discussing it any further.再議論下去也沒多大意義。
即境活用
8．The police have been looking into the case and recent investigations have________how the two men died.
A．thrown light on
B．had an effect on
C．turned a blind eye to
D．come to the point
解析：選A。句意是：警方一直在調(diào)查這起案，最近的調(diào)查已經(jīng)弄清楚了這兩個人是如何死的。此句要用throw light on表示“闡明某事，弄清楚……”。B項“對……有影響”；C項“對……視而不見”；D項“談?wù)}”。
6 due to 由于；因……造成；應(yīng)給的；即將的；預(yù)期做
(回歸本P59)Some experts believe it is due to the animals the myths grew out of.
一些專家認(rèn)為這是由這些神話產(chǎn)生的動物造成的。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①His illness was due to bad food.
他的病是吃壞了的食物造成的。
②The professor is due to make a speech this Friday.
教授預(yù)期在星期五作演講。
③(牛津P621)Have they been paid the money that is due to them?
他們應(yīng)得的錢付給他們了嗎？
④The train has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control.
由于一些我們不能控制的情況，這班火車已被取消了。
即境活用
9．Accidents________driving at high speed were very common that weekend.
A．because of B．owing to
C．thanks to D．due to
解析：選D。句意“那個周末因高速駕駛而造成的事故很普遍�！�
10.The next train to London is________to arrive at 4 o’clock.
A．owing B．due
C．possible D．thanks
解析：選B。be due to do“預(yù)定要做”。句意“下一趟火車預(yù)定四點到達(dá)倫敦�！�
1【教材原句】 He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.(P52)
他聲稱看見一個黑黑的、圓圓的動物在水中快速游動。
【句法分析】 本句中的to have seen是動詞不定式的完成形式，表示動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動詞claim之前。
不定式的時態(tài)有三種：
(1)不定式的一般式：to do。表示與謂語動詞同一時間發(fā)生或動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后。
(2)不定式的進(jìn)行式：to be doing。表示與謂語動詞同一時間發(fā)生，并且動作正在進(jìn)行。
(3)不定式的完成式：to have done。表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。
①The teacher seemed to have known about it.老師好像已經(jīng)知道這事了。
②I consider it a pity for you not to have attended our party.
我認(rèn)為你沒參加我們的聚會真是遺憾。
③There is said to have been many people waiting to see him when he arrived.(＝It’s said that there had been...)
據(jù)說他到達(dá)的時候已經(jīng)有很多人在等著見他了。
④They seem/appear to have known the fact.(＝It seems/appears that they have known the fact.)他們好像已經(jīng)知道了真相。
即境活用
11．To our surprise，the painting considered________should have won the prize.
A．being copied B．having been copied
C．to have copied D．to have been copied
解析：選D。considered是過去分詞作定語修飾the painting。consider后面要求接不定式作賓(主)補，故可排除A和B。the painting和copy之間存在被動的關(guān)系，且copy動作發(fā)生在consider之前，故答案為D。此句意為“令我們吃驚的是，那幅被認(rèn)為是抄襲的繪畫作品竟獲了獎。”
12.AIDS is said________the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A．that it is B．to be
C．that it has been D．to have been
解析：選D。根據(jù)后面的時間狀語over the past few years知，此處用完成式。sb.be said to do表示“……據(jù)說做某事”的意思。
2【教材原句】 They say that the lowtemperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.(P52)
他們說，水溫這樣低的湖泊不可能生存有體形如此巨大的動物。
【句法分析】 (1)本句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為：They say that it is unlikely that the lowtemperature lake is able to support such large living creatures.
(2) 本句使用了be unlikely to do sth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)，它的用法等同于be likely to do sth.。主要有下述用法：
主語(具體人/物)＋be (un)likely to do sth.
It(形式主語)＋be (un)likely to do sth.
It(形式主語)＋be (un)likely＋thatclause
【注意】 likely與unlikely不能用于It’s likely/unlikely for sb.to do sth.，而possible與probable是可以用于It’s possible/probable/impossible for sb.to do sth.。另外，(be)possible與(be)probable的主語不能是具體的某人或某物。
①Look at the clouds！It’s likely to rain.
看那些烏云！天可能要下雨。
②It’s too late.He is unlikely to come.
太晚了。他不可能了。
③It’s likely that we will beat them since we have practiced a lot.
因為我們做了大量練習(xí)，很可能我們會打敗他們。
④He is ill seriously so that it’s unlikely that he will attend the party.
他病得很嚴(yán)重所以他不可能參加這個晚會。
即境活用
13.—Did you look up the time of trains to Shanghai?
—Yes，the earliest train is________to leave at 5∶30 a．m..
A．likely B．a(chǎn)bout
C．possible D．due
解析：選D。be due to do意為“應(yīng)該……/預(yù)期的”；be about to do不和時間狀語連用；possible主語應(yīng)為it；而likely與句意不符。
14．(高考陜西卷)Studies show that people are more________to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A．likely B．possible
C．probable D．sure
解析：選A。句意：研究表明如果總是長時間地坐在電腦屏幕前，人們的背部很有可能會出現(xiàn)毛病。本題考查表示“可能性”的三個形容詞possible，probable，likely在搭配上的區(qū)別：
①It is possible/probable/likely that從句；
②It is possible for sb.to do sth.；
③Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth.；
綜上所述，正確答案為A項。
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