2012屆高考英語(yǔ)第一輪虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題教案
2012年高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)金子般的學(xué)案語(yǔ)法部分：虛擬語(yǔ)氣（新人教版）
用來(lái)表示說(shuō)的話(huà)不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議、假設(shè)的語(yǔ)氣叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
(一)if主從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
【完成例句】
(1)如果我是你，我會(huì)接受邀請(qǐng)的。
If I were you, I should accept the invitation.
(2)如果我有空，我就去那兒。
If I had time, I would go there.
【結(jié)論1】
條件與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反[ ]從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be多用were)[ ]
主句謂語(yǔ)用 would / should / could / might＋動(dòng)詞原形

【完成例句】
(3)如果你早點(diǎn)來(lái)，你就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)那輛公共汽車(chē)了。
If you had come earlier, you couldn't / wouldn't have missed the bus.
(4)如果他昨天見(jiàn)到了你，他就會(huì)還你的書(shū)的。
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.
【結(jié)論2】
條件與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)用had done
主句謂語(yǔ)用would / should / could / might＋have done

【完成例句】
(5)萬(wàn)一明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就推遲。(事實(shí)上明天下雨的可能性不大。)
If it should rain / were to rain / rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
(6)萬(wàn)一杯子掉下來(lái)會(huì)打碎的。
If you dropped / should drop / were to drop the glass, it would break.
【結(jié)論3】
條件與將來(lái)
事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be多用were)或should ＋動(dòng)詞原形 / were to do
主句謂語(yǔ)用would / should / could / might＋動(dòng)詞原形

【疑難1】
含蓄虛擬句(即含有without / but for, otherwise / or等詞的句子)
【例句觀察】
Human beings would die without water. (＝Human beings would die if there were no water. )
I couldn't have succeeded but for your help. (＝I couldn't have succeeded if you hadn't helped me.)
I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book.
(＝If I had had money then, I would have bought that book. )
【疑難剖析1】含有without / but for，otherwise / or等詞的句子謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)等同于if主從句中主句的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
與現(xiàn)在或?qū)��?lái)事實(shí)相反would / should / could / might＋動(dòng)詞原形
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反would / should / could / might＋have done

【疑難2】
含有had，should，were這三個(gè)詞的虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句
Had they had time(＝If they had had time)， they would have certainly come to help us.
Should it be fine(＝If it should be fine)，we would go for an outing.
Were I you(＝If I were you), I would go.
【疑難剖析2】含有had，should，were這三個(gè)詞的虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句，在正式或書(shū)面語(yǔ)言中可將if省略，把had，should，were 提前放到句首，變?yōu)椴糠值寡b。
【疑難3】
if混合虛擬條件從句(即主從句分別與不同的事實(shí)相反)
If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.
If you had followed the teacher's advice, you wouldn't be in hospital.
【疑難剖析3】if假設(shè)條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。
(二)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句中謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)推后(即用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài))的五種句型
【完成例句】
(7)他多么希望自己是只鳥(niǎo)。
How he wishes that he were a bird.
(8)我希望昨晚看了那部電影了。
I wish I had seen the film last night.
(9)我們希望有一天能住在月球上。
We wish we would live on the moon one day.
【結(jié)論1】在動(dòng)詞wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中， 表示不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句必須使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
表示愿望與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(did或were)
表示愿望與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done)
表示愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小從句常用could / might / would ＋do

【完成例句】
(10)我寧可你現(xiàn)在不在我身邊。
I would rather you were not here with me now.
(11)我寧可你沒(méi)做過(guò)那件事。
I would rather you hadn't done that.
【結(jié)論2】would rather / prefer ＋ that－從句(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
表示愿望與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)
表示愿望與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)

【完成例句】
(12)她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好像她就是紐約本地人一樣。
She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.
【結(jié)論3】as if / though ＋ 從句中謂語(yǔ)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(等同于wish從句用法)。
【完成例句】
(13)要是你沒(méi)告訴我那個(gè)消息就好了。
If only you hadn't told me the news.
【結(jié)論4】if only (要是……就好了)，句中謂語(yǔ)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(等同于wish從句用法)。
【完成例句】
(14)我本來(lái)可以幫你忙的，即使我當(dāng)時(shí)很忙。
Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you.
(15)即使我現(xiàn)在能跑，我也不會(huì)那樣做。
Even if I might run, I wouldn't do that.
【結(jié)論5】even if / though 從句中的虛擬
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用should＋動(dòng)詞原形
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用had done

(三)從句中所用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為should ＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。
【例句觀察】
The doctor suggests I (should) exercise every day.
醫(yī)生建議我每天做運(yùn)動(dòng)。(賓語(yǔ)從句)
It is suggested that I (should) exercise every day.
我被建議每天做運(yùn)動(dòng)。(主語(yǔ)從句)
The doctor's suggestion is that I (should) exercise every day. 醫(yī)生給我的建議是每天做運(yùn)動(dòng)。(表語(yǔ)從句)
The doctor's suggestion that I (should) exercise every day sounds reasonable. 醫(yī)生要我每天做運(yùn)動(dòng)的建議聽(tīng)起來(lái)挺合理的。(同位語(yǔ)從句)
【結(jié)論1】名詞性從句中，表示“建議，命令，要求”等意義時(shí)，名詞性從句用(should)＋ 動(dòng)詞原形。
一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist
兩個(gè)命令：order, command (名詞是order, recommendation)
三個(gè)建議：advise, suggest，propose(名詞是advice, suggestion, proposal)
四個(gè)要求：demand, require, request, desire(名詞是demand, requirement, request, desire)
注意：1. suggest 意為“表明，暗示”時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；
如：His face suggested that he was very sad.
2. insist意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；
如：The man insisted my little brother was a thief.
【例句觀察】
我們應(yīng)該掌握電腦知識(shí)，這是很重要的。
It is important that we (should) have a good knowledge of computer science.
你居然沒(méi)參加會(huì)議，真是可惜。
It is a pity that you (should) be absent from the meeting.
他竟然是名醫(yī)生，我們很驚訝。
We are surprised that he (should) be a doctor.
【結(jié)論2】虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在“It's＋形容詞 / 名詞＋that…”這類(lèi)句型中，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人“強(qiáng)烈”的感情色彩，此時(shí)，從句用should ＋動(dòng)詞原形 / should ＋ have done (表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生)，should 可譯為“應(yīng)該；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。
①I(mǎi)t is important / necessary / strange / surprising / funny / natural ＋ that－從句
②It is a pity / a shame / an honour / no wonder that－從句
③主語(yǔ) ＋ be ＋ sorry / disappointed / surprised ＋ that－從句
【例句觀察】
以防錯(cuò)過(guò)第一班車(chē)，我們一大早就起床了。
①We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus.
②We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus.
【結(jié)論3】在in case, for fear (that), lest等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”。
(四)幾種特殊用法
1. 某些簡(jiǎn)單句的固定句型
Heaven help him!
God bless you!
May you succeed!
Long live the People's Republic of China!
2. 某些固定的詞組和句型
①was / were supposed to have done 理應(yīng)做……
②was / were to have done 本計(jì)劃做……
③had thought / believed…， but…本以為……
④had planned / intended…，but…本計(jì)劃……，本打算……
⑤had wished / hoped…，but…本希望……
⑥It's (about / high)time that－從句，某人該做某事了


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