知識詳解
① congratulation n． 祝賀；祝賀詞(常用復(fù)數(shù))
(回歸課本P43)When Yang landed，Premier Wen Jiabao telephoned the Control Centre to offer his congratulations.
當(dāng)楊利偉著陸的時候，溫家寶總理打電話到控制中心表示祝賀。
【歸納總結(jié)】
(1)congratulations！祝賀！恭喜！
offer/send one’s congratulations to sb.on sth.
為某事向某人祝賀……
(2)congratulate v.祝賀
congratulate sb.on(doing)sth.向某人祝賀……
congratulate oneself on...暗自慶幸……
【例句探源】
① We offered Mr.Wang our congratulations on his success in business.我們祝賀王先生生意興隆。
② You are admitted to Beijing University.Congratulations!
你被北京大學(xué)錄取了。恭喜！
③We congratulated our monitor on being elected chairman of the Students’ Union.
我們祝賀我們的班長被選為學(xué)生會主席。
congratulate，celebrate
(1)congratulate指對某人取得的成就或喜慶之事表示“慶賀，祝賀”，其賓語是“人”，常與介詞on搭配。
(2)celebrate指對某一節(jié)日、生日、勝利和成功等的“慶祝”，其賓語是物。
①We congratulated_him on having passed the examination.
②We not only congratulated him on having passed the interview but also held a party to celebrate it.
【易混辨析】
1．(高考山東卷)?John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.
?Oh，________！
A．cheer up B．well done
C．go ahead D．congratulations
解析：選D。此題考查交際用語。句意是：“我和約翰下個月將慶祝我們結(jié)婚四十周年�！薄班蓿�！恭喜！”cheer up打起精神來；well done做得好；go ahead開始吧；congratulations祝賀；恭喜。
【即境活用】
2.The two sportsmen congratulated each other________winning the match by shaking hands.
A．with B．on
C．in D．to
解析：選B。each other 作congratulated的賓語，后面要接on sth.表示“祝賀”的原因。
② replace vt. 把……放回(原處)；取代，以……代替；更新
(回歸課本P44)In the second sentence，the word when can be replaced with at the time that.
在第二個句子中，when可以用at the time that代替。
【歸納總結(jié)】
replace...with/by...用……代替……
take the place of＝take sb，s place代替某人
instead of 代替；作為……的替換
in place of代替
① I don’t think that robots can be in place of human beings.
我認(rèn)為機(jī)器人不會取代人類。
② They’re replacing the old windows with double glazing.
他們正在用雙層玻璃窗替換舊窗戶。
③He replaced the book on the shelf.
他把書放回架子上。
④Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.
課堂上電腦永遠(yuǎn)不會取代老師。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
3.John is ill and has been________ by Tom in our team in tomorrow’s football match.
A．replaced B．recovered
C．realized D．reduced
解析：選A。replace“接替，替換”；recover“恢復(fù)”；realize“認(rèn)識到”；reduce“減少”。
4．Many substances are being used ________certain naturally occurring materials.
A．a(chǎn)t the place of B．in place
C．in place of D．in a place of
解析：選C。此處根據(jù)句意用in place of表示“代替”的意思。
③ delighted adj. 高興的，快樂的
(回歸課本P45)．..I am delighted to be here .
……我很高興來到這里。
【歸納總結(jié)】
delight v.愉快n.高興，(快樂)的事
be delighted at/with/by sth.為某事高興
be delighted to do sth./that?clause很高興做某事
to one’s delight 令某人高興的是……
delight in (doing) sth.以(做)某事為樂
① I’d be absolutely delighted to come.
我非常樂意前來。
②Tom was delighted at the sensation he was creating.
湯姆對他制造出來的轟動效應(yīng)感到高興。
③To his great delight, his novel was accepted for publication.
使他極為高興的是，他的小說被批準(zhǔn)出版了。
④(朗文P533)My dad took delight in calling me “The Big Ox” when I started growing taller than the other girls.
我個子長得超過其他女孩子的時候，我的爸爸就以叫我“大公�！眮砣�。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
5.What ________them most was the________things in store for them.
A．delighted；delightful
B．delightful；delighted
C．delighted；delighted
D．delightful；delightful
解析：選A。第一個空是主語從句的謂語動詞，表示“使……高興”；第二個空是形容詞“令人高興的”，修飾things，故選A。
6．________with what he had done ，the public thought highly of him.
A．Delight B．Delighting
C．Delighted D．Being delighting
解析：選C。be delighted with“對……感到高興”。delighted為過去分詞作狀語。句意：人們對他所做的事情感到高興，并對他給予了高度評價。
④ produce v． 創(chuàng)作；生產(chǎn)，制造；出產(chǎn)；引起，產(chǎn)生
n． 產(chǎn)品，(尤指)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品
(回歸課本P49)In the United States，newspapers usually have the name of the city where they are produced.
在美國，報紙通常以它們的出版城市命名。
【歸納總結(jié)】
production n. 生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)量
produce sth.生產(chǎn)某物；引起某事；創(chuàng)作出某物等agricultural produce 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品
the production of...……的產(chǎn)量
①His announcement produced gasps of amazement.
他宣布的消息引起了一片驚嘆聲。
②In this play Eliot produces some of his most expressive poetry.
在這個劇本中艾略特創(chuàng)作了他最具表現(xiàn)力的一些詩歌。
③New medicines are producing remarkable results in the treatment of cancer.
新的藥物在治療癌癥方面正產(chǎn)生著顯著的效果。
【例句探源】
produce，production，product
(1)produce作“產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)物”解時，主要指農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，為不可數(shù)名詞。
(2)production作“產(chǎn)品”解時，主要指文學(xué)藝術(shù)作品；此外還可用于指“生產(chǎn)、制造的行為”或“產(chǎn)量”。
(3)product作“產(chǎn)品”解時，多指用于出售的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品；此外，還可指“自然產(chǎn)物或生產(chǎn)過程中的產(chǎn)物”。
【易混辨析】
①We need to increase the production of computers.
②The country’s main products are timber，coal and sugar.
③The factory produces an incredible 100 cars per hour.
④The shop sells only fresh local produce.
⑤in total 合計，共計，總共
(回歸課本P43)In total, these astronauts have spent more than 26,000 days in space.
這些宇航員總共在太空待的時間已經(jīng)超過了26,000天。
【歸納總結(jié)】
total n.總數(shù)，總量，總額adj.完全的，徹底的，全部的v.總數(shù)為，總共達(dá)，共計,total up (to)合計，總數(shù)達(dá)到,a total of 總數(shù)為……,in all 總計，總共,altogether總計
① The visitors totalled up to 8,000 a day.
一天的游客數(shù)量總共達(dá)8,000人。
②There were probably about 40 people there in total.
那里總共可能有40人左右。
③(朗文P2182) A total of thirty neighbourhood meeting were conducted to discuss the issue.
總共舉行了30次居委會會議來討論這一問題。
④It is reported that more than six thousand people worldwide have died from H1N1 in total.
據(jù)報道，世界上共有6,000多人死于甲流。
【例句探源】
7．句型轉(zhuǎn)換
(1)They were jailed for thirty years in total.
They were jailed for__________ thirty years.
解析：本句意為“他們在監(jiān)獄里總共被關(guān)了三十年。”
答案：a total of
(2)It’s like learning a completely new language.
It’s like learning a__________new language.
解析：completely＝totally表示“完全地，整個地”。本句意為“這就好像在學(xué)一種全新的語言。”
答案：totally
【即境活用】
(3)There were probably about 40 people there in all.
There were probably about 40 people there __________.
解析：in all＝in total 表示“總共；總計”。本句意為“那里總共可能有四十人左右�！�
答案：in total
⑥ believe in 相信；信任；信仰
(回歸課本P48) You don’t believe in aliens， do you?
你不相信有外星人，對嗎？
【歸納總結(jié)】
believe it or not 信不信由你
I believe so/not.我相信/不相信。
trust in相信
【例句探源】
①Do you believe in China’s traditional herbal medicine?
你相信中國傳統(tǒng)的中草藥嗎？
②(朗文P160)He believes in democracy.他相信民主。
③The Inuit believe in animal spirits.
因紐特人相信動物有靈魂。
④Believe it or not, there is no such things as standard English.
信不信由你，其實(shí)根本沒有所謂的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。
believe in，believe
(1)believe in“信任；信仰”，多指品德上的相信。
(2)believe表示相信某人的話、相信某事等，believe sb.＝believe what sb.says“相信某人的話”。
①I believe_in you，so I believe what you said.
②I don’t _believe that everyone believes_in God.
【易混辨析】
8.As is known to all，he is honest.That’s why I ________him all the time.But I don’t ________what he told me this time.
A．believe；believe B．believe in；believe
C．believe in；believe in D．believe；believe in
解析：選B。believe“相信(某人所說的話)”；believe in“依賴，信任”。
【即境活用】
9. (高考安徽卷)I’m amazed to hear from my school teacher again.________，it is ten years since we met last.
A．In a word B．What’s more
C．That’s to say D．Believe it or not
解析：選D。句意：又一次收到我學(xué)校老師的信使我很吃驚。和下句：自從上次我們見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)10年了�？芍肋xD，信不信由你。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 Now that I have made this first visit, I hope I can come many more times.(P45)
既然我開始了第一次訪問，我希望能夠多來幾次。
【句法分析】 now that 表示“既然”，相當(dāng)于since，在此引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，其中that 可以省去。
①Now(that) you don’t understand it，why not ask for help?
既然你不明白，為什么不請求幫忙呢？
②(朗文P1400)I’m going to relax now that the school year is over.
既然本學(xué)年已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，我可要放松一下了。
③Now the weather is fine，let’s go for a ride.
既然天氣好，我們?nèi)ラ_車兜一兜風(fēng)吧。
10．?Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
?I don’t mind where we go ________there’s sun，sea and beach.
A．a(chǎn)s if B．a(chǎn)s long as
C．now that D．in order that
解析：選B。句意：??暑假有什么打算？??去什么地方都行，只要有陽光、大海和沙灘就可以了。as long as只要，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；as if 好像；now that 既然；in order that為了，不符合語境要求。
【即境活用】
11.?________you like the car so much，why not drive it back?
?Well，I can’t afford________car.
A．Since；that a big
B．Now that；that big a
C．So long as；a that big
D．When；a big that
解析：選B。句意：??既然你那么喜歡那輛車，為什么不把它開回家呢？??恩，我買不起那么大的車。now that 既然，that big中，that相當(dāng)于so。故選B。
② 【教材原句】 Amateur astronomer David Bates was looking at the moon through his telescope last night when he got a big surprise.(P45)
昨晚天文愛好者David Bates 在用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀看月球，突然，他大吃一驚。
【句法分析】 when 在此處為并列連詞，意為“當(dāng)時突然”，強(qiáng)調(diào)另一個動作的突然發(fā)生。常用于下列句式：
sb.be doing sth.when...
sb.be about to do sth.when...
sb.be going to do sth.when...
sb.had/have/has just done sth.when...
①I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.
我正沿著河邊走，突然聽到了一個溺水兒童的呼救聲。
②I was about to leave when it began to snow.
我正準(zhǔn)備離開這時天突然下起雪來。
③He was going to run away when the police came.
他正準(zhǔn)備逃跑，這時忽然警察來了。
12．(高考全國卷Ⅱ) Tom was about to close the window __________his attention was caught by a bird.
A．when B．if
C．a(chǎn)nd D．till
解析：選A。句意：湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶，就在這時一只鳥引起了他的注意。在句式“...be about to do when...”中，when 作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于and at that time，句中was about to do為標(biāo)志詞，故答案為A項(xiàng)。
【即境活用】
13.(高考福建卷)She had just finished her homework __________her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
A．when B．while
C．a(chǎn)fter D．since
解析：選A。考查連詞。句意：昨天她剛一做完家庭作業(yè)，她媽媽就讓她去練鋼琴。when 在這里的意思是“一……就；剛……就”。
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