知識詳解
1.Abandon v．& n．放棄，拋棄，離棄，逃離；中止
(回歸課本P72)The situation at Omaha Beach was so bad that the US army commanders thought about abandoning the invasion.奧馬哈海灘的形勢非常嚴峻，以至于美軍司令官都考慮放棄進攻了。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探源】
①The old couple have brought up three abandoned children.
這對老夫婦已經(jīng)撫養(yǎng)了三個被遺棄的孩子了。
②(朗文P2)The game had to be abandoned due to bad weather.由于天氣不好，比賽不得不終止。
③(朗文P2)Imogen had abandoned all hope of ever seeing her brother again.
伊莫金已經(jīng)放棄了再次見到哥哥的全部希望。
④However，I think that one can abandon oneself to new experiences when overseas without treating one’s training with abandon.
不過，我想一個人在海外時不防讓自己沉溺于新的體驗，只要不過于放縱而損于修養(yǎng)。
【易混辨析】
abandon，desert，leave，quit
四者都含有“放棄，遺棄”的意思。
(1)abandon強調(diào)“完全、永遠地遺棄”，尤其是指遺棄以前感興趣或負有責任的人或物。
(2)desert強調(diào)“違背誓言、命令、責任、義務(wù)等”。
(3)leave強調(diào)“離開(某地)或留下、遺忘(某物)”。
(4)quit強調(diào)“突然或不經(jīng)意地放棄”，常指“停止”。
①The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy.
②The 9?year?old boy was abandoned by his alcoholic father.
③She quitted her job.
④He left his wallet in the classroom.
【即境活用】
1．The girl had to ________ her journey because of her mother’s illness.
A．a(chǎn)bandon B．leave
C．desert D．quit
解析：選A。句意：由于這個女孩的母親生病，她不得不放棄旅行。abandon指因外界壓力或影響完全或永久地舍棄自己所感興趣的事物或人；leave是一般用語，著重強調(diào)“離開，遺留下”的意思；desert指某人或某物在困難中或困境中被人背棄；quit指突然出其不意地放棄，往往也含有在感情上舍棄的意味。
2.The plan was ________ when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.
A．released B．deserted
C．resigned D．a(chǎn)bandoned
解析：選D。句意：當發(fā)現(xiàn)這個方案將會耗費巨資時，它被放棄了。abandon和desert都有“放棄，拋棄”之意，desert表示拋棄自己的天職或應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)，而abandon指因外界壓力和影響而放棄自己負有責任或感興趣的東西。release“解除，免除”；resign“辭去，辭職”。
2.occupy vt. 占領(lǐng)；占據(jù)；占用；占有(時間、空間)；承擔，擔任；使忙碌于(做某事)
(回歸課本P72)During the war，Germany occupied many countries，including France.
在戰(zhàn)爭期間，德國占領(lǐng)了許多國家，也包括法國。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探源】
①While she waited，she tried to occupy her mind with pleasant thoughts of the vacation.
等待的時候，她盡量讓自己沉浸在對假期的美好想象之中。
②(朗文P1412)Fishing occupies most of my spare time.
釣魚占去了我大部分的閑暇時間。
③The Jackson family have occupied this apartment for the past six months.
過去半年中， 杰克遜一家住在這套公寓里。
④The man was occupied with ordering computer parts.
這名男子的時間都用于訂購電腦配件了。
⑤She occupied herself in cooking.
＝She was occupied in cooking.她正忙著做飯。
⑥Please state your name，address and occupation.
請說明你的姓名，地址和職業(yè)。
【即境活用】
3．Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her ________ for a whole week.
A．constrained B．dominated
C．restricted D．occupied
解析：選D。句意：她熱衷于重新裝修這間大房子，這使她忙碌了整整一周。occupied忙碌的，被占據(jù)的；constrained拘謹?shù)�，不自然的；dominated控制的，支配的；restricted受限制的，有限的。
4.Danis is ________ hunting for a new job and has no eye for his wife and children.
A．occupied in B．buried for
C．a(chǎn)bsorbed to D．engaged to
解析：選A。句意是：丹尼斯一心在找工作，沒有關(guān)心他的妻兒。be occupied in 忙于；B項改為buried in(埋頭于……)；C項改為absorbed in(專心于……)；D項的意思是“與某人訂婚”，表示“忙于”時，要用engaged in/with。
3.despite prep. 不管，不顧
(回歸課本P83)The UN couldn’t stop a terrible civil war in the African state of Rwanda in 1995，despite warnings of the dangers from nearby states.
1995年聯(lián)合國沒能制止非洲國家盧旺達境內(nèi)的嚴重戰(zhàn)爭，盡管周邊國家發(fā)出了危險警告。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探源】
①Despite all our efforts to save the school，the county decided to close it.盡管我們竭盡全力想保住這所學校，縣里還是決定把它關(guān)閉。
②Despite/In spite of the traffic jam，he arrived here on time.
盡管交通堵塞，他仍然準時到達了這兒。
③(朗文P1982)Kelly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.
雖然她丈夫酗酒，凱莉仍然愛著他。
④He went ahead and did it，regardless of the consequences.
他說干就干了，沒有顧及后果。
【即境活用】
5．________ scientists know where a storm will happen，winds will suddenly change，carrying the storm to a new direction.
A．Even if B．Since
C．Despite D．Unless
解析：選A。句意為：即使科學家們知道暴風雨將要發(fā)生的地點，但風向會突然改變，使暴風雨轉(zhuǎn)向一個新方向。由前后語意可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選A。carrying在此表示結(jié)果狀語，despite是介詞，不能直接引導(dǎo)從句。
6.________ the advances of science，the discomforts of old age will always be with us.
A．As for B．Besides
C．Except D．Despite
解析：選D。句意：盡管科學取得了巨大的發(fā)展，但年老的不適毫無疑問總會伴隨著我們。despite盡管，不管，相當于in spite of；as for至于，說到；besides除……之外(還有)；except除……外(沒有)。
4.worthwhile adj. 值得做的，有價值的，有用的
(回歸課本P79)But the villagers treated us like heroes，and for a brief moment，I felt that all the fear and danger had been worthwhile.
但村民們把我們當成英雄來對待，一時間我覺得所有的恐怖和危險都是值得的。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探源】
①We had a long wait，but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.
我們等了很長時間，但這是值得的，因為我們買到了票。
②Thank you for making my visit so worthwhile.
感謝你們使我的訪問如此有價值。
③It is worthwhile discussing the question.(＝It is worthwhile to discuss the question.)這個問題值得討論。
【易混辨析】
worth，worthy，worthwhile
(1)worth意為“值(多少錢)”、“相當于……的價值”或“值得”等。其后通常接表示錢數(shù)的名詞或相當于“代價”的比喻性名詞。
be worth 后還可接動詞的-ing形式，意為“值得做”，應(yīng)使用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義。be worth不能接不定式。
(2)worthy的結(jié)構(gòu)是：be worthy of sth./be worthy of doing sth./sth.is worthy to be done或sth.is worthy of being done。
(3)worthwhile要與形式主語it并用，構(gòu)成It is/was worthwhile doing/to do sth.，worth也可用于這個句式中。
①Guilin is worthy of being visited.
②Hangzhou is a beautiful place.It is worthwhile to go there.
③Is the exhibition worth a visit?
【即境活用】
7．Because American parents believe that knowledge leads to a meaningful life，they try to give youngsters many opportunities to develop skills and ________ interests.
A．worth B．worthy
C．valuable D．worthwhile
解析：選D。句意：因為美國的父母們認為知識使生活更有意義，所以他們盡力為孩子們提供許多機會以發(fā)展他們的技能和值得花費精力的愛好。worthwhile值得花時間/精力的；worth后接動名詞或名詞；worthy有價值的，常作表語；valuable值錢的，貴重的。
8.We have worked together in harmony for many years, and I find it ________ with them.
A．worthy of working
B．useless to work
C．worth of working
D．worthwhile working
解析：選D。句意是：我們已融洽合作很多年了，我發(fā)現(xiàn)與他們合作很值得。it 是find的形式賓語；worthwhile是賓補，working with them是真正的賓語。形式主語或形式賓語常與worthwhile連用。
5.to one’s astonishment 令某人驚訝的是
(回歸課本P79)To our astonishment，just two days after we had received our confidential orders to join the D-Day landing troops，and after a day fighting and seeing many of my friends killed by the enemy，we found ourselves outside a peaceful village in France.
使我們吃驚的是，就在我們接到加入D日登陸部隊的機密命令后兩天，經(jīng)過一天的戰(zhàn)斗，并親眼目睹我的很多朋友被敵軍殘殺后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們來到了一個寧靜的法國村莊外面。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探源】
①To his astonishment，the keys were in the door.
＝To the astonishment of him，the keys were in the door.
讓他吃驚的是，鑰匙就在門上。
②Much to everyone’s astonishment，the plan succeeded.
大大出乎所有人的意料，那個計劃竟然成功了。
③To the curiosity of everyone，his father was not angry over what he had done.
使每個人好奇的是，他的父親并沒有因為他做的事而生氣。
【即境活用】
9．To our ________，the computer doesn’t function again.
A．disappointment B．disappointing
C．disappointed D．delight
答案：A
句型梳理
1.【教材原句】 The operation was extremely dangerous and many soldiers were killed before they even got off the boats.(P72)
軍事行動特別危險，許多士兵甚至還沒來得及下船就被殺死了。
【句法分析】 此句為一個主從復(fù)合句，before引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句，意為“還沒有來得及……就……”。
before用作連詞句型歸納：
(1)before sb.can/could...某人還沒來得及……
①Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.
我還沒來得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸。
(2)It will be＋時間＋before...還有多長時間……才……
②It will be 4 years before he graduates.
他還有四年時間才能畢業(yè)。
(3)had done some time before ……才……
③We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我們航行了四天四夜才見到陸地。
(4)had not done...before...不到……就……
④We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我們還沒走到一英里路他就覺得累了。
(5)It was not＋一段時間＋before不多久就……
⑤It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
還沒到兩年他們就離開了那個國家。
【即境活用】
10．Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ________ I could answer the phone.
A．a(chǎn)s B．since
C．until D．before
解析：選D。句意為：半夜有人給我打電話，但是在我應(yīng)答之前對方就掛斷了。before表示在……之前，符合題意。
11.It was not long ________，his name became a household word.
A．when B．a(chǎn)fter
C．before D．since
解析：選C�？疾榫涫絀t was not long before...，表示不多久就……。句意為：不久之后，他的名字就家喻戶曉了。it was not long before＝shortly。
2.【教材原句】 The survivors lay on the beach，exhausted and shocked.(P73)
死里逃生的戰(zhàn)士躺在海灘上，疲憊不堪，心有余悸。
【句法分析】 exhausted and shocked是形容詞短語作狀語，表示死里逃生的戰(zhàn)士躺在海灘上時的狀態(tài)。形容詞的這種用法很常見。
①He arrived home，hungry and tired.他又餓又累地回到家里。
②He turned away，disappointed.他失望地走開了。
③In spite of the terrible weather，he landed all the passengers safe.盡管天氣很糟糕，他還是使所有乘客都安全著陸了。
④Happy and gay，the little girl ran to her parents.
這個小女孩興高采烈地跑向她的父母。
【即境活用】
12．(高考浙江卷)________ and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A．To be tired B．Tired
C．Tiring D．Being tired
解析：選B�？疾樾稳菰~短語作狀語。此處是形容詞詞組說明主語的狀態(tài)，實際上它是一種省略結(jié)構(gòu)，相當于“Although Andy and Ruby were tired and short of breath”，故B項正確。
13.After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home，________.
A．exhausting
B．exhausted
C．being exhausted
D．having exhausted
解析：選B。句意是：從國外旅行之后，理查德?瓊斯疲憊不堪地回到了家。exhaust是一個使役動詞，意為“使精疲力盡”。例如：My father is completely exhausted.我父親精疲力竭。
3.【教材原句】 ...he said，“Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.”(P81)
……他說道，“在人類戰(zhàn)爭史上從來沒有一次像這樣，以如此少的兵力取得如此大的成功，保護如此多的眾生�！�
【句法分析】 (1)本句是一個由否定詞never開頭的倒裝句，否定詞或短語放在句首經(jīng)常構(gòu)成部分倒裝，即把助動詞提到主語的前面去。常見的否定詞還有：
nor，neither，no，not，seldom，little，hardly，at no time，in no way，not until，not only...but also，hardly(scarcely)．..when，no sooner...than等。
①Not only was everything he had taken away from him but also his German citizenship.不僅他所有的東西都被帶走了，就連他的德國國籍也被取消了。
(2)在反意疑問句的陳述句部分中，如包含seldom，no，nothing，never，hardly，scarcely，little，few等否定副詞，則這部分是否定，簡短問句就應(yīng)用肯定。
②He is seldom ill，is he？他很少生病，是嗎？
③He was hardly twenty then，was he?
他當時幾乎沒有二十歲，是嗎？
【即境活用】
14．(高考陜西卷)Little ________ about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.
A．did Rose care B．Rose did care
C．Rose does care D．does Rose care
解析：選A。句意：雖然處境很危險，但羅斯幾乎不關(guān)心自己的安全。little是具有否定意義的詞，位于句首時句子用部分倒裝，由后半句判斷句子是過去時，故選A項。
15.(高考全國卷Ⅰ)The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only ________，but students became more interested in the lessons.
A．saved was teachers’ energy
B．was teachers’ energy saved
C．teachers’ energy was saved
本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.yy-art.cn/gaosan/63814.html
相關(guān)閱讀：2012屆高考英語必考詞匯90天復(fù)習案：第69天