2012屆高考英語第二輪冠詞備考復(fù)習(xí)教案

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高三 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
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衛(wèi)輝一中2012屆高三二輪備考抓分點(diǎn)透析之英語
冠詞
【2012年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】
高考對(duì)冠詞的考查主要體現(xiàn)在:1、冠詞(a、an、the的基本用法);2、零冠詞的情況;3、固定搭配中有無冠詞的區(qū)別。
分析今年高考試題,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)高考設(shè)題越來越注重情境干擾,注重特定語言環(huán)境中上下文的聯(lián)系,題干的語義環(huán)境起非常重要的作用。并且現(xiàn)在也不再著重冠詞的考查。因此預(yù)測(cè):2012年高考對(duì)冠詞的考查還將是側(cè)重具體語境中冠詞的基本用法。
【重難點(diǎn)突破】
[概述] 冠詞是虛詞,不能單獨(dú)使用,位于名詞前,幫助指明名詞的含義。
(一)、不定冠詞a和an的用法
基本用法
(1)、用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示某一類人或事物中的個(gè)體。
A teacher shouldn’t talk like that.
教師不應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣講話。
(2)、用于表示首次提到的某人或某物,但沒有具體說明是誰或是什么。(短文改錯(cuò)中常出現(xiàn))
(3)、用來表示“一”的概念,但不如one的數(shù)字概念強(qiáng)。
It took me a year to save up for a new coat.
我用了一年時(shí)間才省出錢買一件新大衣。
特殊用法
(1)、表示價(jià)錢、時(shí)間、速度等的“每一”(=per)。
---- It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 ______ year.
---- Right, he will also get paid by ______ week.(2011江西卷)
A.the; theB.a(chǎn); theC.the; a D.a(chǎn); a
(2)、在專有名詞前表示“某一個(gè)”、“類似的一個(gè)”。
The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ________ people from all walks of life are working hard for ________ new Jiangsu. [2010?江蘇]
A./; a B./; the C.the; a D.the; the
Experts think that ______recently discovered painting may be ______ Picasso.(2011浙江卷)
A.the ;不填 B.a(chǎn) ;theC.a(chǎn); 不填D.the; a
(3)、用于序數(shù)詞前表示“又一”、“再一”。
First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression. [2010?北京]
A.a(chǎn); the B.the; the C.a(chǎn); a D.the; a
(4)、用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。
Generosity is a virtue.慷慨是一種美德。
(5)、在某些物質(zhì)名詞前表示一杯 / 罐 / 瓶/ 場(chǎng)/ 陣/ 種等。
There was a heavy snow yesterday. 昨天下了一場(chǎng)大雪。
(6)、用于most前,表示“非常”“很”等。
This is a most interesting story.
這是一個(gè)非常有趣的故事。
(7)、有的不可數(shù)名詞或本來應(yīng)該帶定冠詞(the)的名詞,由于受定語(尤其是形容詞)的修飾,其前一般要用不定冠詞或改用不定冠詞,表示某種狀態(tài),此時(shí)的不定冠詞通常含有 a kind of 的意思。如:  
have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast吃快餐  
the world 世界→a world like ours 像我們這樣的世界  
有些不可數(shù)名詞即使受形容詞的修飾也不能用不定冠詞,容易弄錯(cuò)的有:news,advice,luck,fortune,work,fun,weather,homework,housework,information,behavior,harm,damage,progress,furniture,baggage,luggage,poetry,scenery等!
We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. (09安徽)u))
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the ks5
(8)、兩個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用表示一個(gè)整體時(shí),只用一個(gè)不定冠詞! 
He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老師又是詩人。  
There’s a horse and cart on the road. 路上有1輛馬車。
(9)、與副詞quite, rather連用時(shí),a (an) 一般要后置。如:  
這次聚會(huì)很成功。  
誤:The party was a quite success.  
正:The party was quite a success.  
但若其后的名詞前有形容詞修飾,則a (an) 放在quite / rather之前或之后均可以。如:  
這是一個(gè)頗為悲慘的故事! 
正:It’s rather a sad story.  
正:It’s a rather sad story
(10)、用于what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中
What pity that you couldn’t be there to receive prize!(09陜西)
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
(二)、定冠詞的用法
基本用法
(1)、特指上文已經(jīng)提到過的人或物。(常用語短文改錯(cuò))
(2)、指談話雙方都熟悉的人或物。(常用語短文改錯(cuò))
(3)、用來特指某(些)人或某(些)物。所特指的人或物常被短語或定語從句修飾。
1.The theme of Expo 2010 was “Better City, Better Life”, representing ________ common wish of the whole humankind for ________ better living in future urban environments.
A.the; a B.a(chǎn); a C./; the D.the; /
(4)、用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,表示該類事物,相當(dāng)于a。
(5)、用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。
特殊用法
(1)、序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前通常要用定冠詞,副詞最高級(jí)前可用定冠詞;比較級(jí)若表特指也要用定冠詞限制。
As is know to all, People’s Republic of China is Biggest developing country in the world.(2011?陜西卷)
A.the ;不填 B.不填 ;the C.the ;the D.不填;不填
注:表示名次的序數(shù)詞前的定冠詞以及副詞最高級(jí)前的定冠詞通?梢允÷浴
(2)、用于某些專有名詞前如用于河流、海洋、山川、海島、海峽、沙漠等專有名詞前,以及用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成(或含有普通名詞)的專有名詞如國(guó)名、地名、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)、黨派、報(bào)紙、雜志、事件、建筑物等前如:
the Yellow River 黃河the Red Sea 紅海
the Indian Ocean 印度洋the Taiwan Straits 臺(tái)灣海峽
the Sahara (Desert) 撒哈拉大沙漠the United States 美國(guó)
the Times 泰晤士報(bào)the Great Wall長(zhǎng)城
the Great Cultural Revolution 文化大革命
注:表示湖泊的專有名詞前通常不加定冠詞,但對(duì)于中國(guó)的湖泊則習(xí)慣上要加定冠詞,如 the Dongting Lake(洞庭湖)。
(3)、定冠詞有時(shí)可用于表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前,表示全家人或全家中兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人。
The Smiths are watching TV in the sitting room。
(4)、用在某些形容詞前,表示一類人或事物。
如:the young 年輕人;the disabled 殘疾人
(5)、用在表示階級(jí)、黨派、方位、方向、樂器的名詞前。
如:in the north;play the piano;join the party
(6)、一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中
如:“the +比較級(jí),the +比較級(jí)”,表示“越…..越…..’
(7)、在“動(dòng)詞+人+介詞+the+人體部位“結(jié)構(gòu)中要用the,而不用物主代詞。
如:hit sb on the head
(8)、固定短語
  do the shopping 買東西
  at the age of 在……歲時(shí)
  make the beds 鋪床
  all over the country(world)全國(guó)/全世界
  by the way 順便
  at the end of… 在……的盡頭
  on the way home 在回家的路上
  in the end 最后
  in the front of 在前部
  on the phone 用電話
  on the other hand 一方面……另一方面
  in the middle 在……中間
  on the radio 通過無線電
  at the moment 此刻
(三)零冠詞的用法
英語中,有些情況下名詞前不用冠詞,這種情況通常稱為零冠詞。
(1)、用于表示泛指或一般意義的物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞等之前。
Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world. (09江西)
A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a
(2)、用于非特指的季節(jié)、月份、星期及三餐、球類棋類和游戲以及含 day 的節(jié)日前。
Monday comes before Tuesday. 星期二在星期一之后。
Won't you stay for lunch? 留在這兒吃午飯好嗎?
(3)、用于作表語、補(bǔ)語、同位語的惟一職位名詞前。
Dr.Peter Spemce, headmaster of the school,told us, fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.(2011?四川卷)
A./;A B./;The C. the; The D.a(chǎn); A
(4)、用于表示“變成”的 turn / go 后作表語的單數(shù)名詞前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.
他成為作家之前是教師。
(5)、man作“人類“講時(shí),同human、mankind一樣不用冠詞。
(6)、用于某些用介詞 by 構(gòu)成的表方式的短語中。如:
by bus 乘公共汽車 by plane / by air乘飛機(jī)
by land 走陸路by sea 走海路
by phone 用電話by letter 用信件
by post 用郵寄by hand 用手工
(四)、固定搭配中有無冠詞的區(qū)別
(1). in front of 在……(外)的前面
in the front of 在……(內(nèi))的前面
(2). in charge of 掌管;負(fù)責(zé)
in the charge of 在……負(fù)責(zé)之下
(3). at table 在用飯;吃飯時(shí)
at the table 在桌旁
(4). by day 白天;日間
by the day 按日計(jì)
(5). take place 發(fā)生;舉行
take the place 代替;接替
注意:有些短語中,有無冠詞意義并無區(qū)別。如:at (the) least 至少; at (the) most 至多。

【高考真題剖析】

(2011?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷)33.It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.
A.a(chǎn); a B.a(chǎn); the C.the; the D.a(chǎn); /
答案【A】 本題考查冠詞的基本用法, a boy 和a man都表示泛指,所以選擇答案A.
(2011?重慶卷)26.In communication, a smile is usually ___________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.
A.the, / B.a(chǎn), an C.a(chǎn), / D.the, an
答案【C】本題考查冠詞的基本用法,a strong sign 表示泛指,attitude前已經(jīng)有冠詞a friendly and _______ open attitude。

【真題練習(xí)】
(09安徽)1. We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world.
A. a; a B. a; the
C. the; a D. the; the
【答案】A
(09北京)2. The biggest whale is ___ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long―the height of ____ 9-story building.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a
【答案】B
(09江西)3. Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world.
A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a
【答案】A 考查冠詞用法。Air pollution 是抽象名詞這里是泛指,weather 這里是特指全球的氣候,根據(jù)the weather around the world 可知。
(09海南)4. Let’s go to cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for while
A. the; the B. the; a
C. a; the D. a ; a
【答案】B。 考查冠詞的用法go to the cinema 表示具體的某地,for a while 固定搭配,表示“一會(huì)兒”。
(09陜西)5. What pity that you couldn’t be there to receive prize!
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
【答案】C 考查冠詞。第一空所填冠詞與上下文構(gòu)成固定句型what a pity that…,用不定冠詞a;第二空后名詞表示表特指,用定冠詞the,選C。
(09四川)6. In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study _________ second foreign language.
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the
【答案】B 考查冠詞的用法。該題的意思是:為了找到一個(gè)更好的工作,他決定再學(xué)習(xí)另外一門外語。第一空表示泛指;第二空用a +序數(shù)詞+名詞表示又一,再一。
(09浙江)7.I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan.
A. the; a B. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; the
【答案】D
(09重慶)8, Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.
A. a; the B. /; a
C. /; the D. the; a
【答案】B
(09全國(guó)2 )9. What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting.
A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the
【答案】D
(10福建)21. It’s good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.
A. 不填, aB. a, 不填C. the, a D. a, the21. 答案:B
考點(diǎn):冠詞的使用
解析:good feeling并非特指,故用a;pleasure是抽象名詞,無需冠詞。句意為“人們喜歡上海世博會(huì)給它們的快樂,這是(一)種不錯(cuò)的感覺” a good feeling , 一種不錯(cuò)的感覺,give sb pleasure。
(10山東)22. If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.
A. 不填; the B. 不填;a C. the; a D. the;the
答案:C
考點(diǎn): 本題考查冠詞在具體語境中的使用。
解析: 句意應(yīng)為“如果我們坐在公共汽車的前部,就會(huì)有更好的視野。”表示“某空間內(nèi)部的前部”時(shí),front前要加定冠詞the; have a good view是習(xí)慣搭配,表示“視野開闊,視野良好”之意;所以C項(xiàng)符合語境。
(10江蘇)21. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.
A.不填; a B. 不填;the C. the; a D. the; the
選A. 第一空,來自社會(huì)各階層的人. 是不特指,不用冠詞. 第二空, 在Jiangsu 前有形容詞new 因此,應(yīng)加冠詞a.表示一個(gè)全新的江蘇
(10遼寧)22.There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.
A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the
答案:B
句意:太空中有超過58,000的巖狀物體,其中大約900有可能掉到地球上。
解析:考查冠詞。第一空in space 是固定短語,不用冠詞,第二空名詞earth屬于獨(dú)一無二事物的名詞,其前必須用定冠詞。
(10北京)35. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second chance to make __ first impression.
A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a
35. 答案:A
考點(diǎn): 冠詞
解析:很多同學(xué)錯(cuò)在第二個(gè)空to make a first impression上了。在做題的時(shí)候不夠細(xì)心,因?yàn)榇祟}的句意是:第一印象是最持久的?傊阌肋h(yuǎn)不可能有第二個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去再給別人留一次第一印象。本題強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是第二個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)a second chance;第二次留一個(gè)第一印象,make a first impression. first為干擾因素。
  若句意改變?yōu)椋耗銢]有機(jī)會(huì)去改變你的第一印象You never get a second chance to change the first impression。此處再填the就合情合理了。
(10重慶)27. Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.
A. a, aB. the, /C. the, aD. a, /
27. 答案D
考點(diǎn):考查冠詞。
解析: price意思是“代價(jià)”,為可數(shù)名詞,第二空前邊有no,后面的名詞不用冠詞,故選 D項(xiàng)。
(10浙江)2. Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up
weakening of the human body.
A. a; /B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /
答案:B
考點(diǎn):本題考查冠詞。
解析:句意:許多生活方式對(duì)人類的健康有害,他們加速了人類身體的衰退。本題考查冠詞,對(duì)……有害用短語“do harm to”表示,中間無需冠詞;之后的weakening是由動(dòng)詞的ing形式表示抽象的名詞,表達(dá)一種概念、狀況時(shí)需要加上the。
(10四川)2. In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life.
A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a
答案:D
考點(diǎn):考查冠詞。
解析: most countries此處表泛指,most前不加定冠詞the.第二個(gè)空處應(yīng)為“一個(gè)高起點(diǎn)的開始”,故用a ,正確答案為D。
(2011?全國(guó)II)16.As he reached _____front door, Jack saw ______strange sight.【D】
A.the;不填B.a(chǎn); the C.不填a D.the; a
(2011?陜西卷)13.As is know to all, People’s Republic of China is Biggest developing country in the world.【C】
A.the ;不填 B.不填 ;the
C.the ;the D.不填;不填
(2011?四川卷)18.Dr.Peter Spemce, headmaster of the school, told us, fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.【A】
A.不填;A B.不填;The C.the; The D.a(chǎn); A
(2011?江西卷)22.------It’s said John will be in a job paying over 860,00 _____ year
-----He will also get paid by _____ week.【B】
A.the; the B.a(chǎn); the C. D.a(chǎn); a
(2011?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷)33.It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.【A】
A.a(chǎn); a B.a(chǎn); the C.the; the D.a(chǎn); 不填
(2011?浙江卷)2.Experts think that ____recently discovered painting may be _____ Picasso.【D】
A.the.不填 B.a(chǎn); the C.a(chǎn);不填 D.the; a
(2011?山東卷)21.Take your time-it’s just ____short distance from here to_____ restaurant.【B】
A.不填;theB.a(chǎn); theC.the; aD.不填;a
(2011?重慶卷)26.In communication, a smile is usually ___________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.【C】
A.the, / B.a(chǎn), anC.a(chǎn), / D.the, an
鞏固練習(xí)
1. Tom owns ________ larger collection of ________ books than any other student in our class.
A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填
C. a; the D. 不填; the
2. For a long time they walked without saying ________ word. Jim was the first to break ________ silence.
A. the; a B. a; the
C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
3. When he left ________ college, he got a job as ________ reporter in a newspaper office.
A. 不填;a B. 不填;the
C. a ; the D. the ; the
4. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ________ .
A. a price B. price
C. the price D. prices
5. ________ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is ________ major concern of the country.
A. The; 不填 B. The; a
C. An; the D. An; 不填
6. The Wilsons live in ________ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ________ 17th century cottage.
A. the , / B. an, the
C. /, the D. an, a
7. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ________ hotel; I can find you ________ bed in my flat.
A. the; a B. the; 不填
C. a; the D. a; 不填
8. When you finish reading this book, you will have ________ better understanding of ________ life.
A. a, the B. the, a
C. /, the D. a, /
9. It is ________ world of wonders ________ world where anything can happen.
A. a, the B. a, a
C. the, a D. 不填, 不填
10. The most important thing about cotton in history is ________ part that it played in ________ Industrial Revolution.
A. 不填;不填 B. the;不填
C. the; the D. a; the
11. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ________ discover which completely changed ________ man’s understanding of color.
A. a…不填 B. a…the
C. 不填…the D. the…a
12. ―I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel, please.
―Well, you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A. some, a B. an, some
C. some, some D. an, a
13. Many people agree that ________ knowledge of English is a must in ________ international trade today.
A. a; / B. the; an
C. the; the D. /;the
14. ―Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning.
―Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a; the B. the; the
C. the; a D. a; a
15. Paper money was in ________ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ________ thirteenth century.
A. the; 不填 B. the; the
C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填
16. Most animals have little connection with ________ animals of ________ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a B. 不填; a
C. the; the D. 不填; the
17. Jumping out of ________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience.
A. 不填, the B. 不填, an
C. an, an D. the, the
18. The sign reads “In case of ________ fire, break the glass and press ________ red button.”
A. / ; a B. / ; the
C. the; the D. a; a
19. On ________ news today, there were ________ reports of heavy snow in that area.
A. the; the B. the; 不填
C. 不填;不填 D. 不填;the
【答案解析】
1. B. 因?yàn)閏ollection (收藏品,收集物) 是可數(shù)名詞,此處為單數(shù),又不是特指,所以用不定冠詞;books是名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示種類,而非特指,所以不用冠詞。又如:a fine collection of paintings精美的繪畫收藏品。
2. B. word (話、話語) 是可數(shù)名詞,without saying a word意為“沒說一句話”;雖然silence (沉默)是不可數(shù)名詞,但此處是特指前面提到的那種沉默,所以用the。
3. A. 因?yàn)閟chool, college, university, hospital, prison, church, table, bed名詞等指其用途時(shí),不用冠詞。leave college意為“大學(xué)畢業(yè)”。又因?yàn)楸硎韭殬I(yè)或身份的單數(shù)名詞前通常要用不定冠詞,所以選A。
4. C. price前加定冠詞表特指。句意為“如果你買10個(gè)以上,他們會(huì)從那個(gè)價(jià)錢中減掉20便士”。
5. B. 因?yàn)閐ivision后有介詞短語between…and…的限制,這是特指的,所以要用the。又因?yàn)閏oncern作“所關(guān)切的事”解是可數(shù)名詞,所以前面要用冠詞。
6. D. 因?yàn)閔ouse和cottage都是可數(shù)名詞,且都不是特指,所以都用不定冠詞。句意是“威爾遜一家住在大海附近的一棟A形房子里,那是一座17世紀(jì)建的別墅”。
7. A. 從next time可知,對(duì)方這次住了旅館,第一空的hotel就是特指這個(gè)旅館,所以用the;第二空的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞bed不是特指的,所以用不定冠詞。句意是:你下次來這里度假,就不要到這旅館來住了,我在我的公寓里幫你弄張床。
8. D. 雖然understanding是不可數(shù)名詞,但作“了解、理解”解時(shí),卻常常要加不定冠詞(尤其是當(dāng)其前有形容詞修飾時(shí)),排除B和C。又因?yàn)閘ife作“生活、人生”解,是不可數(shù)名詞,不是特指,不用冠詞。have a better understanding of life指“對(duì)生活有更深刻的理解”。
9. B. 雖然通常說the world,但world有定語修飾時(shí),表示“一個(gè)…的世界”時(shí),要用不定冠詞。題中兩個(gè)world都有定語修飾,后者是前者的同位語,所以兩個(gè)都用不定冠詞。句意是:這是一個(gè)奇妙的世界,一個(gè)什么事都有可能發(fā)生的世界。
10. C. 因part后面有一定語從句修飾,是特指,用the;又因?yàn)椤肮I(yè)革命”是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞,所以前面也要用the。


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