① observe vt .& vi. 觀察，注意到；遵守(法律、習俗等)；
慶祝(節(jié)日等)；評論，評述
(回歸課本P33)Qi Baishi observed the world of nature very carefully，and his paintings are special because of this.
齊白石對自然界觀察得很仔細，他的畫因此而別具特色。
【歸納總結】
①He observed that the key was missing the moment he got home.
他一到家就發(fā)現(xiàn)鑰匙不見了。
②Ben knew that someone had observed him meeting Ryan.
本知道有人看到他和瑞安見面了。
③Does everyone observe the speed limit in your country?
在你們國家是否人人都遵守限制車速的規(guī)定？
④She observed that the journey was long and tiring.
她說這次旅行又長又累。
【例句探源】
1.Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs.
A．perform B．possess
C．observe D．support
解析：選C。observe在此句中意為“遵守”。perform履行，執(zhí)行，表演；possess占有，擁有，擺布，支配；support支持，支援。
2．完成句子
Every one is expected to______________________.
人人應該遵守交通規(guī)則。
答案：observe the traffic rules
【即境活用】
② adopt vt. 采納，采用；收養(yǎng)
(回歸課本P32)a style of painting adopted by a group of artists
一種被一群藝術家所采用的繪畫風格
【歸納總結】
①Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan.因為他們沒有親生兒女，所以決定領養(yǎng)一個孤兒。
②Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted.
許多建議很快就被采納了。
③The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans...中國政府已正式通過幾條噪音控制方案……
【例句探源】
【易混辨析】
adopt，adapt
(1)adopt表示“采納(意見/計劃/方法)；采用；收養(yǎng)”等。
(2)adapt表示“適應”時常用adapt oneself to，表示“修改(為……之用)”時常用adapt＋n.＋for use。
①The children are finding it hard to adapt to their new school.
②We’d like to adopt your idea.
3．(高考浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they________very easily to new environments.
A．a(chǎn)dapt B．a(chǎn)ppeal
C．a(chǎn)ttach D．a(chǎn)pply
解析：選A。考查短語辨析。句意：關于孩子們，好的一點是他們很容易適應新環(huán)境。adapt to表示“使適應于”；appeal to表示“對……有吸引力”；attach to表示“(使)相關”；apply to則表示“運用，適用于”。根據(jù)語意，故選A項。
【即境活用】
4.完成句子
Our school has ________________________________.
我們學校采用了一個新的方法。
答案：adopted a new method of teaching
③ stand v． 站立；忍受；承擔
n． 看臺；攤子；立場
(回歸課本P33)But I can’t stand that picture of a golden?haired girl.
但我受不了那幅金發(fā)女孩兒的畫。
【歸納總結】
can’t stand sb./sth.不能忍受某人/物
can’t stand(sb./sth.)doing sth.不能忍受(某人/物)做……
stand by袖手旁觀；支持(某人)
stand for代表
stand out顯眼；突出
stand on one’s hands/head倒立
stand on one’s feet獨立
①I can’t stand listening to songs like that.
我受不了那樣的音樂。
②I can’t stand people interrupting me all the time.
我不能容忍老有人打岔。
③I can’t stand my little brother because he is too noisy.
我不能忍受我的小弟因為他太吵了。
④A teacher can’t stand being cheated by his students.
老師不能忍受被學生欺騙。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
5. Modern plastics can________very high and very low temperatures.
A．stand B．hold C．carry D．support
解析：選A。stand在句中表示能夠承受很高和很低的溫度。
6．I can’t stand________with Jane in the same office.
She just refuses________talking while she works.
A．working；stopping B．to work；stopping
C．working；to stop D．to work；to stop
解析：選C。stand 后跟v.?ing 形式refuse后跟to do 形式。
④ reality n． 真實；現(xiàn)實；逼真
(回歸課本P33)Xu Beihong believed that artists should show reality，but not just imitate it.
徐悲鴻認為藝術家應該表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實，不只是模仿。
【歸納總結】
①In reality ，my grandfather can no longer walk...
事實上，我爺爺已經(jīng)不能走路了……
②I realised that he needed help at that time.
我了解到他當時需要幫助。
③She finally realised her ambition to see the Great Wall.
她最終實現(xiàn)了游覽長城的愿望。
④This book gives a realistic description of the life of ordinary people in Beijing.
這本書真實地描述普通北京人的生活。
【例句探源】
7.The________of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon，the training centre will have to close.
A．reality B．cause C．reason D．result
解析：選A。句意“現(xiàn)實情況是，如果我們不能很快找到新的資金，培訓中心就不得不關閉。”
8．完成句子
She says she’s poor but_____________she has a lot of money.
她說她很窮，但事實上她很有錢。
答案：in reality
【即境活用】
⑤ put off 推遲；延期
(回歸課本P35)She put off completing the picture，because she didn’t like it.
她把完成這幅畫的時間推遲了，因為她不喜歡這幅畫。
put aside撇開，置之不理；節(jié)省，儲蓄，儲存
put away放好(某物)，儲存
put back推遲，延遲；使(人或物)回到(以前的位置或狀態(tài))
put down寫下，記下；擊��；批評
put forward提出；推薦某人
put on穿上，戴上；演出
put out熄滅，撲滅；生產(chǎn)，制造
put up with忍受，忍耐
【歸納總結】
【例句探源】
①Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.
今日事，今日畢。
②We’ll have to put off going on vacation until you’re better.
我們得把休假日期推遲，直到你好些為止。
③(朗文P1661)I just don’t have the money right now?I’ll have to put him off for another week.
我現(xiàn)在沒錢??我不得不讓他再等一周。
9.用適當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空
(1)Here’s my address－put it ________ in case you forget it.
(2)A new theory was put ________ at the meeting.
(3)Kids，let’s put your toys ________ and go out for lunch.
(4)There are many inconveniences that you have to put up ________when you are away from home.
(5)He has put ________ a lot of money.
答案：(1)down (2)forward (3)away (4)with
(5)aside
【即境活用】
10．(高考大綱全國卷Ⅱ)My mother opened the drawer to__________the knives and spoons.
A．put away B．put up
C．put on D．put together
解析：選A。句意：媽媽打開抽屜把刀和勺子收好。本題考查動詞詞組辨析。put away(使用完畢)將某物收起或放進抽屜、箱子里；put up 舉起，建造、搭起，張貼等；put on 穿上、戴上(衣帽)，演出(戲劇)；put together合計，合起來，組裝。根據(jù)句意，A項正確。
⑥ take turns 輪流
(回歸課本P37) Take turns to ask your questions.輪流問問題。
It’s one’s turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事
by turns輪流
a hand’s turn舉手之勞
in turn反過來；依次
in one’s turn輪到……
【歸納總結】
① They took turns at driving/to drive the car.
他們輪流開車。
②The students filled in the form in turn.
學生們依次填表。
③You mustn’t speak out of your turn.
未輪到你時，不要發(fā)言。
④It’s your turn to do the cleaning.輪到你掃除了。
【例句探源】
11．In winter people burn a lot of coal to warm themselves，and this__________causes pollution and global warming.
A．in turn B．in all
C．take turns D．by turn
解析：選A�！岸烊藗儫喝∨�，這樣反過來又造成了環(huán)境污染和全球變暖�！�
【即境活用】
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 This is a painting by the Spanish artist，Pablo Picasso，considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.(P33)
這是西班牙畫家巴勃羅?畢加索的一幅油畫，他被認為是20世紀西方最偉大的藝術家。
【句法分析】 considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾Pablo Picasso。過去分詞(短語)作定語，與所修飾詞語之間通常存在被動關系，少數(shù)過去分詞也可表示完成，不表示被動。
①The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.
政府決定重新修復那座被毀壞的大橋。
②The electric bicycle produced by our factory is of high quality.
我們廠生產(chǎn)的電動車質(zhì)量很高。
③The fox(which was)shot in the legs couldn’t run any longer.
這只狐貍被射中了腿部，再也不能奔跑了。
④She is sweeping up the fallen leaves on the ground.
她正在打掃地上的落葉。(fallen表完成，不表被動)
12.(高考四川卷)A great number of students________said they were forced to practise the piano.
A．to question B．to be questioned
C．questioned D．questioning
解析：選C。句意：許多被詢問的學生說他們是被迫練習彈鋼琴的。此題考查非謂語動詞作后置定語。students 和question之間是被動關系，故排除A、D兩項；B項表示要被詢問，不符合語境；C項表示被詢問過的，符合句意。
【即境活用】
13．(高考北京卷)I’m calling to enquire about the position__________in yesterday’s China Daily.
A．a(chǎn)dvertised B．to be advertised
C．a(chǎn)dvertising D．having advertised
解析：選A。句意：我打電話來是想詢問一下有關昨天在《中國日報》上刊登的招聘職位的情況。本題考查非謂語動詞作后置定語�？崭裉幉糠肿鱬osition的定語，與position在邏輯上是被動關系，根據(jù)句意“職位已在昨天的報紙上被刊登”，表示被動及完成，故A項符合題意。
② 【教材原句】 What do you make of (it)？(P38)
你認為它怎么樣？
【句法分析】 (1)此句相當于What do you think of...？或What’s your opinion of...?
make of 常用于what 引導的疑問句或否定句中。
①What do you make of this latest idea?
你對這個最新的計劃有何看法？
②I didn’t make much of his speech，did you?
我聽不懂他的演講，你呢？
③Make the most of the sunshine，because we don’t get such fine weather in winter.
好好地享受陽光，因為在冬天我們沒有多少這樣的好天氣。
14．?We have to attract younger customers.
?Exactly！__________
A．You’ve got it right.
B．What do you make of it?
C．That’s all right.
D．Thanks a lot.
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