① lose vt. 丟失;錯過;迷路;輸?shù)簦皇钩聊缬;專心致志?br />(回歸課本P22)
【歸納總結(jié)】
①He lost his wallet yesterday when he was in a crowded bus.
昨天他在擁擠的公交車上丟失了錢包。
②You can get lost easily in these alleys!
在這些小巷里你很容易迷路!
③He was lost in his books and did not notice my coming.
他專注于他的書本,沒注意到我進來。
【例句探源】
④ Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
陷于沉思,他差點撞上前面的車。
⑤The company suffered a heavy loss as a result of the accident.
由于那次事故,該公司蒙受了重大損失。
⑥He was at a loss on hearing the sudden news.
聽到那突然的消息后,他慌得不知所措。
lost,missing,gone
三者都有“失去”之意,但又略有不同:
(1)lost失去的,指無法再找到的,另外還有“迷路的,困惑的”等含義,可作定語、表語。
(2)missing丟失的,指暫時不在或找不到的,另外還有“被損毀的,缺少的,失蹤的”,可作定語、表語。
(3)gone失去的,強調(diào)時間、情況等一去不復返,只可作表語。
【易混辨析】
①The days are gone when you could leave your door unlocked at night.
②Your cheque must have got lost in the post.
③Two files have gone missing.
1.Sometimes things________will never come back.So we should make full use of every opportunity.
A.lost B.losing
C.to lose D.have lost
解析:選A。lost相當于missing,作后置定語。句意:有時一些東西失去了就不會再來,因此我們應該充分利用每次機會。
2.完成句子
He soon____________the excitement of the film.
影片中的精彩情節(jié)很快把他吸引住了。
答案:lost himself in
【即境活用】
② influence vt. 影響
n.影響;勢力;有影響的人/事物;有權(quán)勢的人
(回歸課本P26)If a band is influenced by another band,do they like them or not?
如果一個樂隊受到了另一個樂隊的影響,他們喜歡對方與否呢?
【歸納總結(jié)】
(1)have(an)influence on/upon對……有影響under the influence of在……的影響之下 (2)influential adj.有影響的
be influential in...對……有影響
①He greatly influenced the development of China’s culture and education.
他對中國文化和教育的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。
②Under their influence, he becomes greatly interested in stories of travel and adventure.
在他們的影響下,他對游記和歷險故事很感興趣。
③Who or what are your musical influences?
哪些人或事對你在音樂方面產(chǎn)生了影響?
④He is influential in reaching the decision.
=He has a great influence on the decision.
他對做出這一決定有很大的影響。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
3.Once one is ________alcohol,he mustn’t drive because it is quite dangerous.
A.under the influence of
B.having an influence on
C.having an effect on
D.under the effect on
解析:選A。under the influence of alcohol“酒喝得太多,有點醉”。
4.I had tried my best to stop that wrong doing,but my advice had no________on his actions.
A.impression B.a(chǎn)dvantage
C.progress D.influence
解析:選D。后半句句意“但是我的建議對他的行動沒有影響”。
③ record vt.& vi. 錄音;紀錄
n.記錄;唱片;檔案;履歷;經(jīng)歷
(回歸課本P27)Before he recorded his latest album,he had made some songs with Paul McCartney.
他在錄制最新專輯之前,他和保羅?麥卡特尼寫了一些歌曲。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探源】
① The broadcast was recorded,not live.
這次廣播是事先錄音的,不是現(xiàn)場直播。
②It is recorded that this summer was the wettest for 10 years.
據(jù)記錄這是十年來雨量最多的夏季。
③Make sure you record the numbers of tickets you sell.
一定要把你售出的票的號碼記錄下來。
④The young man set a new record at the sports meeting.
那小伙子在運動會上創(chuàng)了新記錄。
【即境活用】
5.完成句子
(1)Shandong Province suffered from one of the worst droughts________________in .
山東省遭受了有記載以來最嚴重的旱災之一。
答案:on record
(2)________________________________the numbers of your traveller’s cheques.
請將你的旅行支票的號碼記下來。
答案:Please keep a record of
④ go deaf 變聾
(回歸課本P27)As he grew older ,he began to go deaf.
隨著年齡增長,他開始變聾了。
go是系動詞,后跟形容詞作表語,一般表示由好變壞,由正常狀況變成特殊情況。
go blind/mad/bad變瞎/瘋了/變壞,變質(zhì)
go wrong/wild出毛病/變瘋狂
go pale/red變得蒼白/發(fā)紅
go hungry挨餓
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探源】
①Her face went pale at the bad news.
聽到那個壞消息,她的臉色變得蒼白。
②He went red with anger when he heard this.
他聽了這話氣得臉都紅了。
③With days passing on,my father’s hair is going grey.
隨著時間的流逝,爸爸的頭發(fā)變白了。
④Don’t let your house go too cheap.
不要把你的房子賣的太便宜。
⑤Many people are still going hungry all over the world.
世界上還有很多的人在挨餓。
6.The crowd was________wild with excitement.
A.turning B.turned
C.going D.growing
解析:選C。go wild“變瘋狂”。句意:人群激動得發(fā)狂。
7.The food has________bad.It is not fit to eat.
A.come B.gone
C.left D.run
解析:選B。句意:食物變質(zhì)了,不能吃了。食物由好變壞,要用系動詞go。A、C、D三項都不是系動詞,不能跟形容詞作表語。
【即境活用】
⑤ make a note of 記錄
(回歸課本P27) Making notes and reading from your notes is an important aspect of learning.
做筆記并且閱讀筆記是學習重要的一個方面。
【歸納總結(jié)】
make/take notes記筆記
take a note/notes of記錄;記下
take note of 注意到
compare notes對筆記;變換意見
①I’ll make a note of the books you want to borrow.
我將記下你想借的書。
②Take note of all she says and do exactly what she tells you.
注意她說的話,完全按照她告訴你的去做。
③After the performance they had a cup of coffee and compared notes.演出后,他們喝了杯咖啡并交換了意見。
④People were beginning to take note of her talents.
人們開始注意到她的才能。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
8.Please________ a note of what I said and if you have different opinions,__________notes afterwards.
A.take;make B.compare;take
C.make;compare D.make;take
解析:選C。“記下我說的話,如果有不同觀點,隨后交換意見。”make/take a note of“記下”;compare notes“交流意見”。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 By the time he was 14 ,Mozart had composed many pieces...(P23)
到十四歲時,莫扎特已創(chuàng)作了許多支曲子……
【句法分析】 by the time在此引導時間狀語從句,意為“到……的時候”。遇到by the time 引導時間狀語從句時,一定要注意主從句的時態(tài)。
by the time+一般過去時,主句常用過去完成時。
by the time+一般現(xiàn)在時,主句常用一般將來時或?qū)硗瓿蓵r。
by the end of +過去時間,謂語部分常用過去完成時。
by the end of+將來時間,謂語部分常用將來完成時。
①By the time you get this letter,I’ll be in Canada.
當你收到這封信的時候,我已經(jīng)在加拿大了。
②By the end of next month,the building will have been completed.到下個月末,這棟樓將已竣工。
③By the end of last week ,we had received over 1,000 text messages.到上周末我們已收到1000多條短信。
【即境活用】
9.用所給動詞的適當形式填空
(1)By the end of next Friday, we ____________(know)the result.
(2)By the time we arrived at the cinema,the film ____________(be)on for five minutes.
答案:(1)will have known/will know (2)had been
② 【教材原句】 However,it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.(P23)
然而,正是海頓鼓勵貝多芬移居維也納的。
【句法分析】 it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna是一個強調(diào)句型。
強調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其余部分”。被強調(diào)的部分通常是句子主語、賓語和狀語。
(1)在強調(diào)句型中,連接詞一般用that。如被強調(diào)的部分指人時,可用who(m)/that,其他一律用that,不能用which,where,when等。
①It was my father that/who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.(強調(diào)主語)
是我父親昨晚在實驗室里做實驗的。
②It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.(強調(diào)賓語)我父親昨晚在實驗室里是在做實驗。
③It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.(強調(diào)狀語)我父親昨晚是在實驗室里做的實驗。
(2)在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中,無論被強調(diào)的是人還是物,是單數(shù)還是復數(shù),be動詞一律用is/was形式,如果原句的謂語動詞是一般過去時,就用was;如果是一般現(xiàn)在時,就用is。也可以用“情態(tài)動詞+be”形式。
④It might be yesterday that John bought a book for Mary.
可能在昨天約翰給瑪麗買了一本書。
(3)當強調(diào)的是主語時,其謂語動詞和被強調(diào)的人和物保持人稱、數(shù)的一致。如果被強調(diào)的主語是人稱代詞,宜用主格。
⑤It is I who am going to attend the meeting.
我將去參加會議。
(4)強調(diào)句型也有疑問句形式。一般疑問句的強調(diào)形式,只需將is/was提前,移至句首即可,即:“Is/Was it...that...?”特殊疑問句的強調(diào)形式,須將陳述句變成一般疑問句,再在句首加上疑問詞,即“疑問詞(被強調(diào)部分)+is/was+it+that+句子其余部分”。
⑥Was it ten years ago that his father died?
他的父親是10年前去世的嗎?
⑦When is it that you will set off?
你到底什么時候出發(fā)?
(5)not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)在強調(diào)句型中的運用:until引導的時間狀語從句可以用在強調(diào)句型中,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was not until...that...”。
⑧It was not until last Friday that he finished reading the book.
直到上周五他才看完這本書。
(6)判斷句子是否為強調(diào)句的方法:把it is(was)和that(who)去掉,再把被強調(diào)部分歸位到它本來的位置,在不添加任何成分的情況下,如句子仍能成立,則為強調(diào)句。
It was seven o’clock when we reached the mountain village,(時間狀語從句),因為該句去掉it was和when后,句子不成立。
10.(高考浙江卷)?I’ve read another book this week.
?Well,maybe________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A.this B.that C.there D.it
解析:選D。句意:??這星期我又看了一本書。??好呀,也許你讀了多少并不重要,重要的是你讀了什么。考查強調(diào)句:It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子剩余部分,故選D。
【即境活用】
11.It was along the Mississippi River________Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A.how B.which C.that D.where
解析:選C。句意:正是在密西西比河沿岸馬克?吐溫度過了他孩提時代的大部分時光。本題為強調(diào)句式。被強調(diào)部分為:along the Mississippi River。
作文指導
復合句
◆什么是復合句
復合句由一個主句和一個或多個從句組成,主句表達的是重要信息,從句起到補充修飾的作用。一個組織嚴密的復合句通常在包含大量信息的同時,還要正確地反映信息間的邏輯關系。
【佳句選粹】
①There is a rumor that he has married a widow.
【分析】 本句屬于復合句,由“主句+同位語從句”構(gòu)成。“he has married a widow”作為“rumor” 的同位語,由that引導構(gòu)成了同位語從句。
②Let’s meet tomorrow if it is convenient for you.
【分析】 本句屬于復合句,由“主句+條件狀語從句”構(gòu)成。“Let’s meet tomorrow”是主句,“if it is convenient for you”是由if引導的條件狀語從句。
◆主要從句類型
英語中的從句有很多類型,因此除了準確判斷句子之間的主從關系以外,還要熟悉和掌握各種不同類型的從句。
【佳句選粹】
①How_it_all_happened is a mystery to me.
這一切是怎樣發(fā)生的對我來說是個謎。(主語)
②I wonder if_you_could_stay_for_another_day.
不知你可否再待一天。(賓語)
③The question is whether_they_have_signed_a_contract.
問題是他們簽沒簽合同。(表語)
④The idea that_money_means_everything is unsound.
金錢萬能的思想是錯誤的。(同位語)
1.名詞性從句:它在句子中可充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。
2.定語從句:多由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。
【佳句選粹】
①Jim introduced me to a girl who_sat_next_to_him.
吉姆把我介紹給他旁邊的一位姑娘。
②Then I telephoned the doctor (whom)she_had_recommended.然后我給她推薦的醫(yī)生打了電話。
③There are the reasons why_we_did_it.
這些就是我們這樣做的原因。
3.狀語從句:用作狀語的從句很多,可以表示時間、地點、原因、條件、方式、目的、結(jié)果、比較、讓步等。
【佳句選粹】
①We all stood up when_he_came_in.
他進來時我們都站了起來。(時間)
②I didn’t go because_I_wasn’t_feeling_well.
我沒有去是因為我身體不舒服。(原因)
③It was so dark that_we_couldn’t_see_each_other’s_faces.
天那樣黑,我們看不清彼此的臉。(結(jié)果)
④Though_they_were_poor,they were still happy.
他們雖然很窮,但仍然很幸福。(讓步)
⑤Just_as_the_water_is_the_most_important_of_liquids,air is the most important of gases.
正如水是液體中最重要的一種一樣,空氣是氣體中最重要的一種。(方式)
⑥You’ll do all right,as_long_as_you_follow_his_advice.
只要你聽從他的勸告,你就會干得很好。(條件)
⑦The director gave me a better offer than_he_gave_Dick.
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