2014高考英語理解鞏固精品題練習（3）及答案
理解-----真題試做
(2012?湖南高考，B篇)
Still seeking a destination for your weekend break？There are soe places which are probably a ere walk away fro your college.
King's Art Centre
A day at the Centre could ean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the ost interesting conteporary artists on show anywhere.This weekend sees the opening of an exhibition of four local artists.
You could attend a class teaching you how to ‘learn fro the asters’ or get ore creative with paint—free of charge.
The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a sall fee.
The Botanic Garden
The Garden has over 8,000 plant species；it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cabridge University.
The ultibranched Torch Aloe here is ipressive.The African plant produces red flowers above bluegreen leaves，and is not one to iss.
Get to the display house to see Dionaea uscipula，a plant ore coonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and other sall anials.
The Garden is also a place for wildlifeenthusiasts.Look for grass snakes in the lake.A snake called ‘Hissing Sid’ is regularly seen lying in the heat of the war sun.
Byron's Pool
any stories surround Lord Byron's tie as a student of Cabridge University.Arriving in 1805，he wrote a letter coplaining that it was a place of “ess and drunkenness”．However，it sees as though Byron did anage to pass the tie pleasantly enough.I' not just talking about the pet bear he kept in his roos.He spent a great deal of tie walking in the village.
It is also said that on occasion Byron swa naked by oonlight in the lake，which is now known as Byron's Pool.A couple of iles past Grantchester in the south Cabridgeshire countryside，the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields.The cries of invisible birds ake the trip a lovely experience and on the way hoe you can drop into the village for afternoon tea.If you don't trust e，then perhaps you'll take it fro Virginia Woolf—over a century after Byron，she reportedly took a trip to swi in the sae pool.
61．As entioned in the passage，there is a sall charge for ______.
A．a(chǎn)ttending the asters' class
B．working with local artists
C．learning life drawing
D．seeing an exhibition
62．“Torch Aloe” and “Venus Flytrap” are ______.
A．coon insects B．ipressive plants
C．rarelyseen snakes D．wildlifeenthusiasts
63．We can infer fro the passage that Byron seeed ______.
A．to fear pet bearsB．to like walking
C．to be a heavy drinkerD．to finish university in 1805
64．In the passage Byron's Pool is described as a lake ______.
A．surrounded by fieldsB．owned by Lord Byron
C．located in GrantchesterD．discovered by Virginia Woolf
65．What is the passage ainly about?
A．Soe places for weekend break.
B．A way to becoe creative in art.
C．The colourful life in the countryside.
D．Unknown stories of Cabridge University.
真題試做
61．C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一則廣告中最后一句“The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a sall fee.”可知，此處C項正確。
62．B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二則廣告中第二段首句“The ultibranched Torch Aloe here is ipressive. The African plant...”可知，Torch Aloe是一種植物。根據(jù)第三段中“...，a plant ore coonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and...”可知，Venus Flytrap也是一種植物。故B項正確。
63. B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三則廣告中第一段最后一句“He spent a great deal of tie walking in the village.”可知，他花了大量時間在村子里散步。故此處B項正確。
64．A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三則廣告中第二段“A couple of iles past Grantchester in the south Cabridgeshire countryside, the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields.(拜倫潭位于劍橋郡南部鄉(xiāng)村格蘭切斯特幾英里處，周圍是環(huán)繞田野的美麗的環(huán)形小路)”可知A項正確，排除B、C項。根據(jù)最后一句“...Virginia Woolf—over a century after Byron, she reportedly took a trip to swi in the sae pool.”可知弗吉尼亞?伍爾芙并不是發(fā)現(xiàn)拜倫潭的人，只是繼拜倫之后，在此游過泳，故排除D項。
65．A 主旨大意題。根據(jù)首句“Still seeking a destination for your weekend break？There are soe places which are probably a ere walk away fro your college.”可知，這三則廣告都是提供給大學生周末休閑的。故A項正確。
C7[2013?安徽卷] B
Using too uch water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that huans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You ay wonder how paving(鋪砌) a road can lead to less usable fresh water. A ajor part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not coe fro lakes or rivers.It coes fro underground. The ore roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to becoe groundwater.
Huan activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺). Drier cliates are of course ore likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with ore rainfall，but in any case, good anageent can help to ake sure there is enough water to eet our basic needs.
Thinking about the way we use water every day can ake a big difference，too. In the United States，a faily of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how uch we depend on water to live，but there's a lot we can do to lower the nuber.
You can take steps to save water in your hoe.To start with，use the sae glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher (洗碗機)only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your hoe. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing the away.
60．Which of the following is ost likely to lead to less groundwater?
A．Using river water.
B．Throwing batteries away.
C．Paving parking lots.
D．Throwing rubbish into lakes.
61．What can be inferred fro the text?
A．All water shortages are due to huan behavior.
B．It takes a lot of effort to eet our water needs.
C．There is uch we can do to reduce faily size.
D．The average faily in Aerica akes proper use of water.
62．The last paragraph is intended to ________．
A．show us how to fix leaks at hoe
B．tell us how to run a dishwasher
C．prove what drinking glass is best for us
D．suggest what we do to save water at hoe
63. The text is ainly about ________．
A．why paving roads reduces our water
B．how uch we depend on water to live
C．why droughts occur ore in dry cliates
D．how huan activity affects our water supply
【要點綜述】 人類活動對地球水資源供給的影響巨大，人類應(yīng)該通過調(diào)整自身的活動方式來改變自身的生存環(huán)境。
60．C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The ore roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to becoe groundwater.”可知，鋪設(shè)馬路、停車場會導(dǎo)致地下水減少，而A、B、D三項都會導(dǎo)致水的供應(yīng)量減少，而不是地下水減少，故排除。
61．B 推理。根據(jù)第二段中的“good anageent”、第三段中的“the way we use water every day”，以及第四段中的“take steps to save water in your hoe”可知，為滿足我們用水的需求，需要做的努力還有很多。
62．D 推理。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ast paragraph”定位到該段第一句“You can take steps to save water in your hoe.”，且它后面的內(nèi)容都是圍繞這個主題句展開的。
63．D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“ainly about”定位到全文的內(nèi)容。第一段講的是“鋪設(shè)馬路、停車場會導(dǎo)致地下水減少”，后三段講述了“為了滿足我們的用水需求，我們能做些什么”。所有這些講的都是人類活動對地球水資源供給的影響，故選D。
閱讀理解考向分析
分析近幾年高考試題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀理解題呈現(xiàn)如下特點：
1．選材真實，題材、體裁多樣
材料大多為時文，與社會日常生活息息相關(guān)，情景真實、明確，具有濃厚的時代氣息。這種關(guān)注實際生活的選材特點已呈現(xiàn)出明顯的增強趨勢。
題材多樣化，信息豐富，包括日常生活、科普、社會、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟、新聞、史地、人物傳記等等；體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文等。
2．閱讀量、信息量大
考查閱讀能力的一個重要方面是閱讀速度，較大的閱讀量、信息量對考生的閱讀技能是一種有效的檢測方法。
近幾年高考試題都保持了較大的詞匯量，所涉及的內(nèi)容廣泛而深刻，對于詞匯能力的考查也繼續(xù)保持了較高的要求，為考生提供了施展閱讀才能的機會和開闊的思維空間。
3．語篇結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜
閱讀材料基本保留了其原有的語言風格，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)也有一定難度。作者在闡述問題時都使用多種技巧和修辭方法，的展開不全是平鋪直敘，而是間有倒敘、插敘等多種方式。行文的跳躍程度較大，陳述次序富于變化，隱含信息較多，再加上閱讀材料的文化含量加大，的遣詞造句趨于地道，因此，許多文段讀起來感到“生澀”，有時讀懂了文字，但不一定能夠立刻領(lǐng)悟語篇的意思，常常要反復(fù)閱讀幾遍才能讀懂。
4．語言難度較大
具體表現(xiàn)在語句的長度、措辭的靈活性、一定的生詞量以及替代和省略手法的運用上。
簡單句、復(fù)合句、虛擬語氣、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長句、倒裝句、省略句以及插入語等語言現(xiàn)象隨處可見，而且多種時態(tài)混用。詞匯運用要求更高，活用詞比比皆是，一詞多義、熟詞生義現(xiàn)象更是頻繁出現(xiàn)。
5．題型設(shè)置合理
設(shè)題手法更加靈活，設(shè)題方式呈多樣化的趨勢，不僅考查對文中特定信息的理解和把握，還涉及的主旨要義、作者的態(tài)度意圖等深層理解題。題型以細節(jié)理解題為主，對推理判斷題和主旨大意題的考查呈上升趨勢。
閱讀理解答題步驟
1．快速瀏覽，掌握大意
快速瀏覽，抓住中心大意以及的結(jié)構(gòu)。瀏覽時不要急于做題，而要注意抓住主要信息，迅速把握大意和中心思想，了解全貌。同時通覽題目，研究題目要求及選項，弄清問題所指。有的問題是針對中的一句話設(shè)計的，有的是針對一段話所陳述的事實設(shè)計的，有的是針對整篇設(shè)計的。對所提問題做到心中有數(shù)，為下一步閱讀做好針對性的準備。
2．細讀全文，找準信息
抓住大意、明確解題的目標后，帶著問題仔細閱讀。敏銳捕捉隱含在文中的有關(guān)信息詞和信息句，推敲其中的關(guān)鍵詞語，結(jié)合上下文把握語句的含義，排除文中不存在、片面或不合邏輯的選項，作出正確選擇。做題時要本著先易后難的原則，對于比較明顯的，有把握的題可立刻作出選擇；對于難題，要在中仔細查閱，認真琢磨，找出確鑿的依據(jù)，運用邏輯推理，準確選出符合要求的最佳答案。
3．復(fù)讀檢查，驗證答案
答案選出之后，快速閱讀原文，重點放在與題目有關(guān)的詞語、句子和段落上，核查答案，力求答案準確無誤。尤其是感覺把握不大、選擇時有些困難的題目，要對照原文與選項，看看是否一致、是否合乎情理、合乎邏輯。
閱讀理解技法指導(dǎo)
歷年的高考閱讀理解試題，基本上可分為四類題目：細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、詞義猜測題。
1．細節(jié)理解題
細節(jié)理解題常見的命題方式有以下幾種：
(1)Which of the following is NOT included/entioned in the passage?
(2)Which of the following (sentences/stateents) is NOT true according to the passage?
(3)According to the passage，all of the following are true except/but ______.
(4)The author entions all of the following except ______.
(5)In the passage，the author states that ______.
(6)According to the passage，when (where，why，how，who，etc.)．..
(7)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
(8)Which of the following aps/diagras gives the right position of...?
(9)Which of the drawings below gives an idea of...?
如：(2012?湖南高考，A篇)
What akes a gift special？Is it the price you see on the gift receipt？Or is it the look on the recipient's face when they receive it that deterines the true value？What gift is worth the ost?
This Christas I was debating what to give y father.y dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything.I pulled out y phone to read a text essage fro y o saying that we were leaving for Christas shopping for hi when I cae across a essage on y phone that I had locked.The essage was fro y father.y eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoing，and underneath a poe by Willia Blake.The flower，a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky，inspired e.y dad had been reciting those words to e since I was a kid.That ay even be the reason why I love writing.I decided that those words would be y gift to y father.
I called back.I told y o to go without e and that I already created y gift.I sent the photo of the creacolored flower to y coputer and typed the poe on top of it.As I was arranging the details another poe cae to ind.The poe was written by Edgar Allan Poe；y dad recited it as uch as he did the other.I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it.The poe was focused around dreaing，and after searching I found the perfect picture.The iage was painted with blues and greens and purples，twisting together to create the thee and wonder of a drea.As I watched both poes passing through the printer，the white paper coloring with words that shaped y childhood.I felt that this was a gift that y father would truly appreciate.
Christas soon arrived.The inute I saw the look on y dad's face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frae，I knew I had given the perfect gift.
56．The idea for a special gift began to for when the author was ______.
A．doing shopping
B．having a debate
C．reading a essage
D．leaving for Wyoing
剖析：C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“I pulled out y phone to read a text essage fro y o saying that we were leaving for Christas shopping for hi when I cae across...”可知，作者在讀母親發(fā)的手機短信時有了給父親買一份特殊禮物的想法。故C項正確。
57．The author's inspiration for the gift cae fro ______.
A．a(chǎn) photo of a flower
B．a(chǎn) story about a kid
C．a(chǎn) call fro the other
D．a(chǎn) text about Christas
剖析：A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句及第六句中的“The flower...inspired e.” 可知作者在讀手機短信時無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)一張鮮花配有小詩的相片，這給了作者靈感。故A項正確。
59．The author ade the gift by ______.
A．searching for the poes online
B．drawing the background by hand
C．painting the letters in three colors
D．a(chǎn)tching the words with pictures
剖析：D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后可以看出，作者選中了Edgar Allan Poe的一首詩后又精挑細選了一張圖片然后涂色，以制造出詩歌所表達的主題最終將其打印作為給父親的禮物。故D項正確。
細節(jié)理解題大多是根據(jù)中的具體信息如事實、例證、原因、過程、論述等進行提問的。有些問題可以在中直接找到答案，有些則要我們在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容進行分析才能找到，比如計算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。
這類題目較為容易，做此類題的方法一般是先用尋讀法找出與問題相關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)的部分進行細讀，找出正確答案。
C7[2013?安徽卷] D
“People are ruder today because they are rushed and ore ‘tie poor’ than ever before，” says Patsy Rowe, “anners_have_fallen_off_the_radar(雷達)．” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipent it is a wonder ore people don't wake up each orning and greet the singing birds with a coplaint(抱怨)about the noise. Here are soe exaples of rudeness.
Soe people prefer to do alost everything over the Internet. To the, dealing with an actual huan is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because huans don't work at 4G speeds. When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice soeone paying ore attention to his obile phone. We have prograed ourselves to think that every new essage brings life－changing news, so taking calls and checking our texts are ore iportant than talking to the people we are with. What is worse, soe people even tend to send anonyous(匿名的) rude essages by eail.
However, rudeness is never acceptable. Don't assue it is OK to be rude if the person you're in touch with won't recognize you. If you have soething awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or eail and sign it, or forget it. Upsetting people with unsigned essages is cruel and disgusting.
We shouldn't blae technology for our shortcoings.Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An iportant step is acknowledging our shortcoings.People spend a lot of tie pointing out bad anners but it would be even ore helpful if we'd publicly acknowledge good anners when we see the.
68．What can be inferred fro the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?
A．People can tell good fro bad behavior.
B．Radar is able to observe huan behavior.
C．People care little about their behavior.
D．Radar can be used to predict huan behavior.
69．Soe people are less willing to deal with huans because ________．
A．they are becoing less patient
B．they are growing too independent
C．they have to handle any iportant essages
D．they have to follow an evolutionary step backward
70．The author thinks sending unsigned awful essages is ________．
A．ridiculous B．disgusting
C．a(chǎn)cceptable D．reasonable
71．What can we learn fro the last paragraph?
A．We should applaud good behavior.
B．Technology can never be blaed.
C．We should keep pointing out istakes.
D．Technology will take over our lives one day.
【要點綜述】 科技的發(fā)展改變了人們的生活方式。許多人變得冷酷無禮了，他們不愿意與別人交流，整天宅在家里上網(wǎng)。
68．C 句意理解題。根據(jù)第一段“People are ruder today because they are rushed and ore ‘tie poor' than ever before”可知，“現(xiàn)在的人變得更加沒有禮貌”，而畫線句是對該句作補充說明的，意思是“現(xiàn)在的人們不注意自己的行為舉止(禮貌行為用雷達都探測不到)”，故選C。
69．A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中“l(fā)ess willing to deal with huans”定位到第二段中第二、三句內(nèi)容。由此可知，有些人不愿意跟人打交道是嫌人太慢(feels very slow)，達不到4G速度(don't work at 4G speeds)。也就是說，這些人變得缺乏耐心。故選A。
70．B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中“unsigned awful essages”定位到第三段最后一句“Upsetting people with unsigned essages is cruel and disgusting.”。由線索定位中的句子可知，發(fā)一些不署名的惡俗信息很令人厭煩。
71．A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“…it would be even ore helpful if we'd publicly acknowledge good anners when we see the.”可知，作者認為，我們應(yīng)該為那些禮貌行為喝彩。故選A。
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