高考英語(yǔ)理解鞏固精品題練習(xí)（2）及答案
理解----B
Can an iPhone really ake you happier? A new study says “Yes”. According to a survey of 35,000 people around the world, access to (進(jìn)入) counications technology is a ajor factor in increasing happiness.
We all need a few basic things in order to be happy: access to clean water and food, a hoe, health care, and relationships. But once the necessities are et, what do people ost desire? The answer is access to counication devices (設(shè)備), according to the survey by BCS, the Chartered Institute for IT.
ost people in the study gave siilar answers, but the potential (潛在的) happiness increase that technology could bring about was particularly great in woen and in people with low incoes or levels of education — even in developing countries.
While farers in the African countryside aren’t likely to pick up the latest shiny toys fro Apple, even a siple cell phone can serve as a valuable happiness-increasing tool, allowing the developent of social networks beyond the counity.
“Whether young or old, we’re all social beings, we all have a need for counication,” researcher Paul Flatters told BBC News.
In rural (鄉(xiāng)村) counities, access to counications technology such as cell phones and coputers is liited, but expanding, thanks to groups like One Laptop Per Child, which supplies children in developing countries with basic laptops that allow the to research school projects and connect with others all over the world. Other groups, like the UK’ s Coputer Aid, are helping rural villagers get wired with the help of portable cyber cafes (便攜式網(wǎng)吧) that allow locals to log online to send eails and perfor work-related research.
And back hoe, it sees fro the results that sall IT devices like the iPhone really can increase your happiness — provided you use it to talk with and send essages, photos, and videos to friends and faily to help strengthen your social networks, rather than siply play Angry Birds.
45. How does an iPhone ake one happier, according to the study?
A. By giving one a higher incoe.
B. By letting one keep in touch with others.
C. By giving one chances to surf the Internet.
D. By letting one enjoy ovies or take photos.
46. What does the study show us?
A. How any people are using iPhones.
B. What counication tools people like to use.
C. What people need besides the basic necessities.
D. What is the life of people in developing countries like.
47. The underlined words “Angry Birds” in the last paragraph ost probably refer to “______”.
A. birds that are angryB. an e-gae
C. naughty childrenD. a coputer
48. The author wrote the text to tell us that ______.
A. counications technology can increase happiness
B. the iPhone is the best cell phone in the world
C. playing with an iPhone is a waste of tie
D. people in developed countries are happier
C7[?重慶卷] E
It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr.Johnson's faous coent that “When two English eet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson's observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, ost coentators fail to coe up with a convincing explanation for this English weather－speak.
Bill Bryson, for exaple, concludes that，as the English weather is not at all exciting，the obsession with it can hardly be understood.He argues that “To an outsider，the ost striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very uch of it.” Siply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is alost unknown in the British Isles.
Jerey Paxan, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive.Bryson is wrong, he says，because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenoena. “The interest is less in the phenoena theselves, but in uncertainty.” According to hi, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.
Bryson and Paxan stand for coon isconceptions about the weather－speak aong the English.Both coentators, soehow, are issing the point.The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.English weather－speak is a syste of signs，which is developed to help the speakers overcoe the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.Everyone knows conversations starting with weather－speak are not requests for weather data.Rather, they are routine greetings，conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. In other words, English weather－speak is a eans of social bonding.
72．The author entions Dr.Johnson's coent to show that ________．
A．ost coentators agree with Dr.Johnson
B．Dr.Johnson is faous for his weather observation
C．the coent was accurate two hundred years ago
D．English conversations usually start with the weather
73．What does the underlined word “obsession” ost probably refer to?
A．A social trend.
B．An eotional state.
C．A historical concept.
D．An unknown phenoenon.
74．According to the passage，Jerey Paxan believes that ________．
A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather
B．there is nothing special about the English weather
C．the English weather attracts people to the British Isles
D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty
75．What is the author's ain purpose of writing the passage?
A．To explain what English weather－speak is about.
B．To analyse isconceptions about the English weather.
C．To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jerey Paxan.
D．To convince people that the English weather is changeable.
【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文通過(guò)對(duì)Bill Bryson和Jerey Paxan兩人迥然不同的觀點(diǎn)的陳述來(lái)闡明作者對(duì)英國(guó)人以天氣為寒暄內(nèi)容的見(jiàn)解。
72．D 邏輯推斷題。通過(guò)引用名人名言來(lái)說(shuō)明英國(guó)人以天氣為寒暄內(nèi)容的現(xiàn)象很普遍。
73．B 詞義推斷題。Bill Bryson認(rèn)為英國(guó)天氣單一(there is not very uch of it)不足以引起人們的情感響應(yīng)，因此該詞此處指的是 “情感狀態(tài)”。
74．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。倒數(shù)第二段中有“The interest is less in the phenoena theselves, but in uncertainty.”(意思是：人們對(duì)英國(guó)氣候的關(guān)注點(diǎn)不是氣候本身，而是氣候的不確定性。)由此可知答案。
75．A 寫(xiě)作目的題。通過(guò)對(duì)Bill Bryson和Jerey Paxan兩人迥然不同的觀點(diǎn)的陳述來(lái)闡明作者對(duì)英國(guó)人以天氣為寒暄內(nèi)容的見(jiàn)解。
C7[?安徽卷] A
The Healthy Habits Survey(調(diào)查)shows that only about one third of Aerican seniors have correct habits. Here are soe findings and expert advice.
1.How any ties did you brush your teeth yesterday?
?Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
?Step：Reove the 300 types of bacteria in your outh each orning with a battery－operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 inutes, at least twice a day.
2．How any ties did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
?Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 ties a day—half of the nuber doctors recoend.
?Step：We touch our faces around 3，000 ties a day—often inviting gers(病菌)to enter our outh, nose, and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, ost iportant, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3．How often do you think about fighting gers?
?Finding：Seniors are not fighting gers as well as they should.
?Step：Be aware of gers. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海綿)that can carry ore gers than anything else? To kill these gers, keep your sponge in the icrowave for 10 seconds.
56.What is found out about Aerican seniors?
A．ost of the have good habits.
B．Nearly 30% of the bathe three days a week.
C．All of the are fighting gers better than expected.
D．About one third of the brush their teeth only once a day.
57．Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________．
A．twice a day B．three ties a day
C．four ties a day D．eight ties a day
58．Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．We should keep fro touching our faces.
B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the outh.
C．A kitchen sponge can carry ore gers than a toilet.
D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.
59．The text probably coes fro ________．
A．a(chǎn) guide book B．a(chǎn) popular agazine
C．a(chǎn) book review D．a(chǎn)n official docuent
【要點(diǎn)綜述】 這是一份調(diào)查報(bào)告，是針對(duì)美國(guó)老年人的健康習(xí)慣所做的調(diào)查。
56．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一項(xiàng)調(diào)查中“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知，大約有三分之一的美國(guó)老年人一天只刷一次牙。
57．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二項(xiàng)調(diào)查中“…4 ties a day—half of the nuber doctors recoend”可知，四次是醫(yī)生建議次數(shù)的一半，也就是說(shuō)，醫(yī)生建議老年人每天洗八次手，故選D。
58．C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge that can carry ore gers than anything else？”可知，廚房里的海綿比衛(wèi)生間帶有的細(xì)菌還要多。
59．B 推理。由內(nèi)容可知，這是一份調(diào)查報(bào)告，是針對(duì)美國(guó)老年人的健康習(xí)慣所做的調(diào)查。這樣的理應(yīng)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在“旅游指南”“書(shū)評(píng)”“官方文件”里，故排除A、C、D。流行雜志做這樣的調(diào)查報(bào)告很常見(jiàn)，故選B。
閱讀理解----C
If you were to coe up with a list of organizations whose failures had done the ost daage to the Aerican econoy (經(jīng)濟(jì)) in recent years, you would probably have to start with the Wall Street firs that brought us the financial crisis (金融危機(jī)). Fro there, you ight ove on to the autoakers in Detroit.
But I would suggest that the list should also include a less obvious noinee (被提名者): public education.
At its top level, the Aerican syste of higher education ay be the best in the world. Yet in ters of its ain task — turning teenagers into educated college graduates — uch of the syste is failing.
The United States does a good job enrolling (招生) teenagers in college, but only half of the students who enroll end up with a bachelor’s degree.
So finding out the causes of the college dropout crisis in the world’s largest econoy atters greatly, and a new book called “Crossing the Finish Line” tries to do precisely that. Its authors are econoists Willia Bowen and ichael cPherson, and a doctoral candidate atthew Chingos. The first proble they discover is soething they call under-atching. It refers to students who choose not to attend the best college they can get into. They instead go to a less selective one, perhaps one that is closer to hoe or less expensive. About half of the low-incoe students with a grade-point average of at least 3.5 in high school and an SAT score of at least 1,200 do not attend the best college they could have. “I was really astonished by the degree to which well-qualified students fro poor failies under-atched,” said r. Bowen.
In fact, well-off students attend the colleges that do the best job of producing graduates. eanwhile, lower-incoe students — even when they are better qualified — often go to colleges that excel (擅長(zhǎng)) in producing drop-outs. “It’s really a waste,” r. Bowen said, “and a big proble for the country.” As the authors point out, the only way to lift the college graduation rate greatly is to lift it aong poor and working-class students. Instead, it appears to have fallen.
What can be done? oney is clearly part of the answer.
49. According to this text, which of the following would people first think of as a factor causing daage to the Aerican econoy?
A. The governent.B. Public education.
C. The Detroit autoakers.D. The Wall Street firs.
50. What is a big proble with Aerican higher education?
A. any college students stay away fro classes.
B. It is hard to enroll enough students into college.
C. any colleges are experiencing low rate of graduation.
D. It is hard for any colleges to get financial aid fro the governent.
51. Why do soe students under-atch?
A. Because they are not sure about future.
B. Because they have financial proble.
C. Because they can’t get guidance.
D. Because they lack confidence.
52. The text is ainly about ______.
A. Aerica’s financial crisis, its cause and influence
B. relationship between Aerican education and its econoy
C. low rate of Aerican college graduation, its cause and its influence
D. probles with Aerican secondary education and possible solutions
閱讀理解----D
A new study has found that it ay be possible to train people to be ore intelligent (聰明的), increasing the brainpower they had at birth.
Until now, it has been widely supposed that the kind of ental ability that allows us to solve new probles without having any relevant (相關(guān)的) forer experience — what psychologists (心理學(xué)家) call fluid intelligence — is innate and cannot be taught (though people can raise their grades on tests of it by practicing).
But in the new study, researchers describe a ethod for iproving this skill，along with experients to prove it works.
The key, researchers found, was carefully structured training in working eory — the kind that allows eorization of a telephone nuber just long enough to dial it. This type of eory is closely related to fluid intelligence, so the researchers reasoned that iproving it ight lead to iproveents in fluid intelligence.
First they easured fluid intelligence of volunteers using standard tests. Then they trained each in a coplicated eory task — the child’s card gae, in which they had to recall a card they saw and heard. During the course, they needed to ignore irrelevant ites, onitor ongoing perforance, anage two tasks at the sae tie and connect related ites to one another in space and tie.
The four groups experienced a half-hour of training daily for 8, 12, 17 and 19 days, separately. To ake sure they were not just iproving their test-taking skills, the researchers copared the with control groups that took the tests without the training.
The results, published onday in The Proceedings of the National Acadey of Sciences，were striking. Iproveent in the trained groups was a lot greater. oreover，the longer they trained, the higher their scores were. All perforers, fro the weakest to the strongest，showed great iproveent.
“Our results show you can increase your intelligence with proper training.” said Dr Jaeggi, a co-author of the paper. “No one knows how long the gains will last after training stops,” he added, “and the experient’s design did not allow the researchers to deterine whether ore training would continue to produce further gains.”
53. The researchers thought the key to iproving the intelligence was ______.
A. eorizing telephone nubersB. iproving working eory
C. training in attentionD. recalling a card
54. Which of the following training ways help increase intelligence?
a. ignoring irrelevant ites
c. aking connectionsb. onitoring ongoing perforance
d. working in groups
A. a, b, d. B. b, c, d. C. a, c, d.D. a, b, c.
55. When the experient was conducted, the researchers ______.
A. trained the four groups for the sae period of tie
B. trained the four groups at different tie of the day
C. copared the four groups with control groups
D. trained the four groups together
56. By writing the article, the writer wants to ______.
A. infor the readers of a new study
B. call on people to be trained to increase intelligence
C. tell people the iproved intelligence will last forever
D. say the ore one is trained, the ore one’s born intelligence iproves
閱讀理解----E
I don’t ever want to talk about being a woan scientist again. There was a tie in y life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field doinated (主導(dǎo)) by en. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found the interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-tie and the nature of black holes.
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics (天體物理學(xué)), it did not bother e in the least to be the only woan in the classroo. But while earning y Ph.D. at IT and then as post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother e. y every achieveent — jobs, research papers, awards — was viewed through the lens of gender (性別) politics. So were y failures. Soeties, when I was pushed into an arguent on left brain versus (相對(duì)于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would iediately fight fiercely on y behalf and all woankind.
Then one day a few years ago, out of y outh cae a sentence that would fro then on becoe y reply to any and all attacks: I don’t talk about that anyore. It took e 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexis be yet another terrible burden on every feale scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a woen’s college in New York City. Recently, soeone asked e how any of the 45 students in y class were woen. You cannot iagine y satisfaction at being able to answer: 45. I know soe of y students worry how they will anage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t disiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell the “war” stories. Instead, I have let the see their physics professor heavily pregnant (懷孕) doing physics experients. And in return they have given e the iage (形象) of 45 woen driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
57. Fro Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would thought the author failed because of ______.
A. her study in gender politics
B. the very fact that she is a woan
C. her over-confidence as a feale astrophysicist
D. the burden she bears in a ale-doinated society
58. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?
A. Widespread wrong idea about nature and nurture.
B. Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.
C. Unfair blaes fro both inside and outside her circle.
D. People’s traditional attitude towards feale scientists.
59. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?
A. Feale students no longer have to worry about gender issues.
B. Her students’ perforance has brought back her confidence.
C. Her feale students can do just as well as ale students.
D. ore feale students are studying science than before.
60. What does the iage the author presents to her students suggest?
A. Woen can balance a career in science and having a faily.
B. Woen students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.
C. Woen now have fewer gendre probles about science career.
D. Woen have ore difficulties on their way to acadeic success.
參考答案
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