The Internetand Telecommunications

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高一 來(lái)源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

oduLe 6 TheInternetandTelecommunications 學(xué)案 外研版必修1——因特網(wǎng)和電信
核心詞匯
1.Doctors are aiming to_____________(集中)more on prevention than cure.
2.It’s impossible for me to give you a______________(明確的)answer.
3.These exercises are ______________(設(shè)計(jì))to strengthen muscles.
4.The thieves stole a purse____________(包含)
banknotes.
5. ____________(接近)to the papers is restricted to senior management.
6.Always carry a phone with you in case you have a ____________(故障)on the motorway.
7.The main____________(缺點(diǎn))of the material is that it fades in strong sunlight.
8.Now that my sons are becoming more____________ (獨(dú)立),I have more time for myself.
9.Thomas Edison was a great ____________.He____________a lot of things in his life,and his____________changed the way people lived.(invent)
10. ____________is very important for a country’s progress. So we should educate the students to be able to ____________in the future though the____________process is not easy.(create)
1.Concentrate 2.definite 3.designed 4.containing? 5.Access 6.breakdown 7.disadvantage 8.independent?9.inventor;invented;inventions 10.Creation;create;creative
高頻短語(yǔ)
1._________________注冊(cè)/注銷(xiāo)
2.________________ 由……組成
3.________________ 也
4.________________ 作為……而出名;被稱(chēng)
為……;叫作……
5.________________ 下降
6.________________ 提出
7.________________ 從那時(shí)起
8.________________ 聚精會(huì)神;集中思想
9.________________ 與……相比
10.________________ 一系列的
1.log on/off 2.consist of 3.as well 4.become known as...5.go down 6e up with 7.from that moment on 8. concentrate on 9pared with 10.a series of
重點(diǎn)句式
1.____________ then became possible for universities ____________ the system ____________.
后各大學(xué)也能使用這一系統(tǒng)。
2.The World Wide Web(the web) is a computer network ____________allows computer users ____________from millions of websites ____________the Internet .

萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)是一種能夠使電腦用戶(hù)通過(guò)因特網(wǎng)從眾多網(wǎng)站獲取信息的電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
3.Berners ?Lee made ____________possible for everyone ________________.
貝爾納斯•李使任何人,而不僅僅是大學(xué)和軍隊(duì),使用因特網(wǎng)成為了可能。
4.____________the total population of China ____________the Internet,____________ 45 percent in the USA and 15 percent in Japan.
與美國(guó)上網(wǎng)人數(shù)的45%及日本的15%相比,中國(guó)總?cè)丝诘?%上網(wǎng)。
5.If you need any help,____________to call us.
如果你需要幫助,馬上給我們打電話(huà)。
6.Text messages are _________________a mobile phone, and you can make it ____________ the words that you use.
發(fā)短信比用手機(jī)打電話(huà)便宜得多,并且通過(guò)縮短你用的詞可以使它更便宜。
1.It;to use;as well 2.that;to access information;via?3.it;to use the Internet,not just universities and the army?4.Two percent of;have access to;compared with?5.don’t hesitate  6.much cheaper than talking on;even cheaper by shortening
知識(shí)詳解
① contain  vt. 包含;包括,里面裝有;含有;忍住,抑制
(回歸本P51)A CD?RO is a separate disk that contains lots of information.
CD?RO是一個(gè)包含了很多信息的單獨(dú)的磁盤(pán)。
contain oneself自制?
be contained between包含于……間,(夾)在……間?
container n.容器,集裝箱
【歸納】
①(2010年高考陜西卷)any spam e?mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company.
很多垃圾郵包含有計(jì)算機(jī)病毒,它能使一個(gè)公司的整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)閉。
②He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself.
他激動(dòng)得不能自已。
③The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world,which contains a lot of fruit and vegetables.中國(guó)飲食被認(rèn)為是世界上最健康的,里面含有大量的水果和蔬菜。
【例句探】
contain,include
(1)contain通常用指某個(gè)容器中盛有某物、裝有某物,還指某種物質(zhì)中含有某成分或含有其他物質(zhì)。指作為組成部分而被“包含”或“容納”在內(nèi)。
(2)include通常表示把某事物作為其中的一部分包含在內(nèi)。在句中常以sth.included或including sth.形式出現(xiàn)。
【易混辨析】
①How much water does this bottle contain?
②Everyone here,including old people,took part in the fight against the flood.
③You are included among my friends.
【即境活用】
1.He was worried,because he lost his bag________his passport,ID card and a lot of money.
A.included      B.including
C.contained D.containing
解析:選D。contain“裝有”,與bag構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,因此用containing.句意:他很擔(dān)心,因?yàn)樗麃G了裝有護(hù)照、身份證和一大筆錢(qián)的包。
★2.Little Johnny felt the bag,curious to knohat it____________.
A.collected      B.contained
C.loaded D.saved
解析:選B。句意:小Johnny摸了一下袋子,想知道里面裝著什么東西。collect收集,搜集;contain含有,裝有;load裝載;save節(jié)省。
② access  n. 接近,通路;接近(或進(jìn)入)的方法,到達(dá)(或進(jìn)入、使用、走訪)的權(quán)利(或機(jī)會(huì))
vt. 存(數(shù)據(jù));取(數(shù)據(jù));存取;訪問(wèn);接近,使用
(回歸本P52)...to access information from millions of websites via the Internet.
……通過(guò)因特網(wǎng)從數(shù)以百萬(wàn)的網(wǎng)站上獲取信息。
access to接近……的機(jī)會(huì),進(jìn)入……的權(quán)利
have/get/gain/obtain access to 得以接近,得以會(huì)見(jiàn),得以進(jìn)入
accessible adj. 可到達(dá)的,可進(jìn)入的;可理解的
be accessible to 易接近的;能進(jìn)入的;可以理解的【注意】以上to為介詞,后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞。
【歸納】
①Across the world,1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water.
全世界有11億人無(wú)法獲取干凈的飲用水。
②The only access to that cottage is across the farmland.
到達(dá)農(nóng)舍的唯一通路是穿過(guò)農(nóng)田。
③The Internet allows computer users to access information needed from the web.
因特網(wǎng)使得計(jì)算機(jī)用戶(hù)可以到網(wǎng)站上去獲取所需信息。
④A manager should be accessible to his staff.
經(jīng)理應(yīng)該讓職員感到平易近人。
【例句探】
3.(2009年高考浙江卷)The system has been designed to give students quick and easy________to the digital resources of the library.
A.a(chǎn)ccess         B.passage
C.way D.a(chǎn)pproach
解析:選A。句意是:這個(gè)系統(tǒng)是用讓學(xué)生更快更容易地使用圖書(shū)室的數(shù)據(jù)資。此句要用access構(gòu)成give sb.access to...短語(yǔ),意為“使某人使用……”。passage通過(guò);通道;approach接近;通道。
【即境活用】
★4.(2009年高考江西卷)Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be________to the kids.
A.a(chǎn)ccessible B.relative
C.a(chǎn)cceptable D.sensitive
解析:選A。句意是:弗蘭克把藥放在了最高層的抽屜中,是為了確保它不被孩子接觸到。此句要用accessible表示“容易取得的;容易接近的”。relative相關(guān)的;acceptable可接受的;sensitive敏感的。
③ design  vt.& vi. 設(shè)計(jì),構(gòu)思;,謀劃
n. ;企圖;設(shè)計(jì);意圖;構(gòu)思
(回歸本P52) He designed the first “web browser”,which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers.
他設(shè)計(jì)了第一個(gè)“網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器”,可以讓電腦用戶(hù)從其他電腦上獲取。
【歸納總結(jié)】
design...for...為……設(shè)計(jì)……;為……擬定……
be designed for.../to do sth. 打算給……用的;目的是……
by design 有意地,故意地
①We have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier.
我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的所有銀行卡都可以讓你的生活更加便捷。
②The laas designed to protect abandoned children.
這項(xiàng)法律旨在保護(hù)被遺棄的兒童。
③This kind of dictionary is designed for English beginners.
這種字典是打算給英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者使用的。
【例句探】
④I don’t knohether they did it by accident or by design.
我不知道他們這樣做是偶然地,還是故意地。
⑤Looking forward to receiving your creative designs!
期待收到大家有創(chuàng)意的設(shè)計(jì)!
5.These exercises are________develop and strengthen muscles,so we all like to do.
A.designed for B.designing to
C.designed to D.designing for
解析:選C。由題干可知design與主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以排除B、D兩項(xiàng),又因?yàn)閐evelop為動(dòng)詞原形,排除A項(xiàng),正確答案為C。
【即境活用】
★6.Scientists have developed a new system ________to give a warning seconds before an earthquake.
A.having been designed B.designed
C.to design D.designing
解析:選B。句意是:科學(xué)家們已開(kāi)發(fā)出一個(gè)新的系統(tǒng),這個(gè)系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計(jì)成在地震發(fā)生前幾秒發(fā)出警報(bào)。此句要用過(guò)去分詞形式designed作后置定語(yǔ)修飾system,表示“被設(shè)計(jì)用……”。
④ concentrate  v. 集中(注意力、思想等);集中于一點(diǎn);匯合
(回歸本P54)Concentrate on the good things about the Internet.
關(guān)注網(wǎng)上的好東西。
concentrate on/upon sth.集中精力于/全神貫注于……
concentrate one’s attention/efforts/...on...
把注意力/精力/……集中于……
concentrate oneself on...集中精力于……
concentration n.專(zhuān)心,專(zhuān)注,集中;匯集
with concentration聚精會(huì)神
concentrated adj.專(zhuān)心致志的;緊張的;密集的
【歸納總結(jié)】
①I(mǎi) can’t concentrate on my studies with the football match on.
足球賽在進(jìn)行,我無(wú)法專(zhuān)注地學(xué)習(xí)。
②A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.
開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)駕駛員的注意力應(yīng)集中在路上。
③He should concentrate on getting good results in mathematics.
他應(yīng)該集中精力提高數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)。
④(牛津P407)In this lecture I shall concentrate on the early years of Charles’s reign.
這一節(jié)我將著重講查理王朝的早期統(tǒng)治時(shí)期。
【例句探】
7.As a senior high student,I think you should________your attention on your skills of learning.
A.spend      B.pay
C.use D. concentrate
解析:選D?疾閯(dòng)詞辨析。spend...on...“花費(fèi)……在……”,不合句意;pay attention后接介詞to而不是on;use無(wú)此搭配;concentrate...on...“集中注意力于……”。
【即境活用】
⑤ consist of  由……組成(通常不用進(jìn)行時(shí)及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
(回歸本P52)It consists of millions of pages of data.
它是由幾百萬(wàn)頁(yè)數(shù)據(jù)資料組成的。
【歸納總結(jié)】
① Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.
生活中不僅有陽(yáng)光,還有艱難困苦的時(shí)候。
②The beauty of Venice consists largely in the style of its ancient buildings.
威尼斯的美很大程度上在于城中古建筑物的風(fēng)格。
【例句探】
8.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空
(1)The true wealth does not consist ________ what we have,but ________ what we are.
答案:in;in
(2)The United Nations Organisation consists ________ over 160 nations.
答案:of
(3)His actions don’t consist ________ his words.
答案:with
【即境活用】
⑥ as well  也;另外,而且
(回歸本P52) It then became possible for universities to use the system as well.
然后,大學(xué)使用這種系統(tǒng)也成為可能。
【歸納總結(jié)】
as well as 意為“和,同”,連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致;還可表示“和……一樣好”。?as well常用于肯定句句末,表示“還,也”等意思。?may/might as well表示請(qǐng)求、建議,might比may語(yǔ)氣更委婉,意思是“最好,何不,不妨”等。
①We’re going to the cinema tonight,why don’t you come along as well?
我們今晚去看電影,你為什么不一起去?
②Of course,I’ll do some reading for fun,and for knowledge as well.
當(dāng)然,我會(huì)讀些書(shū),為了消遣,也為了獲取知識(shí)。
③(2009年高考重慶卷)Science can be a force for evil as well as for good.
科學(xué)可以成為善的推動(dòng)力,也可以成為惡的推動(dòng)力。
【例句探】
9.________the danger from another attack of earthquake,people had to overcome a shortage of food,drinking water,medicine,clothing and almost everything.
A.As far as        B.As well as
C.As bad as D.As much as
解析:選B。句意:人們要克服的困難既包括食物、飲用水、藥品、衣物等短缺,還包括再一次地震的危險(xiǎn)。as well as“除……之外也……”。
【即境活用】
⑦ come up with 提出/想出(計(jì)劃、方案等);趕上
(回歸本P52)He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.
1989年他在瑞士工作時(shí),提出了萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)的構(gòu)想。
come across偶遇,偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)?
come true實(shí)現(xiàn)?
come out出版;出?
come about發(fā)生?
come to到(某地);加起總共;恢復(fù)知覺(jué)?come up走近,走上前;上樓,上;(從土中)長(zhǎng)出;被提出,被提及?
when it comes to...涉及;談到
【歸納總結(jié)】
①You can always trust him to come up with a solution to any difficult problem.
你可以一直相信他能想出任何難題的解決方法。
②The bus came up with the truck and tried to pass it.
那輛公共汽車(chē)趕上了那輛貨車(chē)并試圖超過(guò)它。
③The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club.
你首先應(yīng)該構(gòu)思一下你的俱樂(lè)部大致是什么樣。
【例句探】
10.—Have you________some new ideas?
—Yeah.I’ll tell you later.
A.come about       B.come into
C.come up with D.come out with
解析:選C。句意:——你提出了什么新想法嗎?——噢,以后我會(huì)告訴你的。come about發(fā)生;come into進(jìn)入,加入;come up with提出;come out with發(fā)表,公布。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)為“提出”,故選C。
【即境活用】
★11.—Don’t bother me.I’m thinking of something.
—I know you want to__________some topics for your project,but you should have a rest first.
A.think          B.put up
C.come up with D.turn up
解析:選C。think 后加of/out表示“想出,想到”;put up“舉起,搭起”;come up with“想出,提出”;turn up“出現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句意,可知C項(xiàng)為正確答案。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 Berners?Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet,not just universities and the army.(P52)
貝爾納斯•李讓每個(gè)人都能使用因特網(wǎng)成為可能,而不僅僅是大學(xué)和軍隊(duì)。
【句法分析】 made it possible屬于“make+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”,其中的賓補(bǔ)由名詞、形容詞、省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式和過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)。如果賓語(yǔ)是不定式或賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要用it作形式賓語(yǔ),把不定式和賓語(yǔ)從句放到句末。
①We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.
我們必須使公眾明白應(yīng)該采取措施制止污染。
②I made it a rule to walk 2 kilometers a day.
我固定每天步行兩公里路。
③We thought it wrong that the child should be left alone in the house.
我們認(rèn)為把孩子獨(dú)自一個(gè)人留在家里是不對(duì)的。
④I consider it no use quarrelling with him about it.
我認(rèn)為和他爭(zhēng)吵這事情是沒(méi)用的。
⑤You must keep it in mind that you are a student and you should obey the school rules.
你一定要記。耗闶且粋(gè)學(xué)生,應(yīng)該遵守學(xué)校的規(guī)定。
12.(2010年高考遼寧卷)The fact that she was foreign made__________difficult for her to get a job in that country.
A.so          B.much
C.that D.it
解析:選D。句意:她是外國(guó)人這個(gè)事實(shí)使她很難在那個(gè)國(guó)家找到工作。it作make 的形式賓語(yǔ),不定式是真正的賓語(yǔ)。
【即境活用】
② 【教材原句】 Our English teacher is excellent,but she can’t help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.(P56)
我們的英語(yǔ)老師非常優(yōu)秀,但她不能在50分鐘內(nèi)幫助每一個(gè)人。
【句法分析】 (1)有些表示全體意義的詞與not連用表示部分否定,如代詞all,both以及all,both,whole,every所修飾的名詞詞組,包括every所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞。
(2)有些副詞如altogether,always,entirely,wholly,quite 等,以及含有all,both,whole,every等的副詞詞性的詞組,在句中作狀語(yǔ),若句中含有not,則本句表示部分否定,而非全部否定。
(3)若句中有none,neither,no,never時(shí)則表示全部否定。
①All that glitters is not gold .[諺]閃光的未必都是金子。
②Both of the sisters don’t like the film.
姐妹倆并非都喜歡這部電影。
③Not everything went well with me.我并非事事都順利。
④The rich men are not always happy.有錢(qián)的人并非總是幸福。
⑤None of the books are useful.這些書(shū)都沒(méi)用。
⑥Neither of them can speak English.
他們倆都不會(huì)講英語(yǔ)。
13.—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
—Actually I didn’t like________.
A.both of them     B.either of them
C.none of them D.neither of them
解析:選B。句意:——這兩個(gè)電子游戲你更喜歡哪一個(gè)?——實(shí)際上我兩個(gè)都不喜歡。not...either...“兩者都不……”,是全部否定,相當(dāng)于neither;not...both“兩個(gè)并不都是……”,是半否定,不合語(yǔ)境;none指代三者及以上,和第一句中的the two computer games相矛盾;D項(xiàng)意思相反。
【即境活用】
★14.It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which________of the parents spoke the language.
A.none B.neither
C.both D.each
解析:選B。句意:他在這樣一個(gè)家庭里學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很難,因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)家庭里父母雙方都不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。根據(jù)題干中的the parents,可排除A項(xiàng)(三者或三者以上都不);C項(xiàng)指“兩者都”;D項(xiàng)指“兩者或兩者以上每個(gè)人/物”,由于C、D兩項(xiàng)都表肯定意思,也被排除。neither指“兩個(gè)都不”。
作指導(dǎo)
并列句
◆什么是并列句
并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成,這些簡(jiǎn)單句通過(guò)并列連詞或表并列關(guān)系的副詞連接,有時(shí)也可以用分號(hào)連接,它們?cè)谡麄(gè)句子中的地位是平等的,沒(méi)有主從之分,互不依從。
◆主要并列關(guān)系
并列句一般由三種方式連接而成,連詞、連接副詞和分號(hào)。一般說(shuō),只有當(dāng)兩個(gè)分句之間的關(guān)系比較明確時(shí),才會(huì)只用分號(hào)(不用連詞)連接,而大多數(shù)情況下都需要使用并列連詞或副詞進(jìn)行連接。因此,要正確地表達(dá)出句子之間的并列關(guān)系,就必須熟悉并掌握英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的表示各種并列關(guān)系的連詞和副詞。
英語(yǔ)中主要的并列關(guān)系及常用連詞或副詞參見(jiàn)下表:
關(guān)系常用并列連詞或副詞
并列and,as well as,both...and,not only...but(also),neither...nor
轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ萣ut,however,whereas,while,yet,still,instead,nevertheless,notwithstanding,on the other hand,not...but,rather than,in contrast,on the contrary
選擇or,nor,or else,otherwise,either...or
遞進(jìn)besides,also,even,moreover,likewise,furthermore,what’s more,in addition
因果for,thus,so,therefore,hence,consequently,accordingly,as a result

54
關(guān)系常用并列連詞或副詞
時(shí)間then,meanwhile,subsequently,
afterward,later
解釋that is(to say),in other words

【佳句選粹】
①We must make great efforts to catch up with others,or we will fall behind the others forever.(選擇關(guān)系)
②She wanted to go to the cinema,but her parents told her not to.(表轉(zhuǎn)折)
【分析】 以上兩句均屬于并列句。第①句由or連接,兩個(gè)并列分句之間是選擇關(guān)系;第②句由but連接,兩個(gè)并列分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
【佳句選粹】
①Either you improve your work or I shall dismiss you.(選擇關(guān)系)
②Not_only did he speak more correctly,but_also he spoke more easily.(并列關(guān)系)
【分析】 以上兩句均屬于并列句。第①句由either...or...連接,兩個(gè)并列分句之間是選擇關(guān)系;第②句由not only...but also...連接,兩個(gè)并列分句之間是并列關(guān)系。
【佳句選粹】
①There was no news;nevertheless she went on hoping.(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)
②He never went again,nor did he write to apologize.(并列關(guān)系)
【分析】 有些副詞也起連詞作用,可幫助構(gòu)成并列句,第①句由nevertheless連接,兩個(gè)并列分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;第②句由nor連接,兩個(gè)并列分句之間是并列關(guān)系。



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