Are you interested in finding ways to learn new things faster? Do you want to become a more effective and efficient learner? If you are like many students, your time is limited so it is important to get the most educational value out of the time you have available.
你是不是有興趣尋找可以更快掌握知識(shí)的新方法呢?你想成為一個(gè)有更高效率的學(xué)習(xí)者嗎?如果你像很多學(xué)生一樣時(shí)間有限，那么在有限的時(shí)間獲得最高的學(xué)習(xí)收益就是非常重要的。
Speed of learning is not the only important factor, however. Students need to be able to accurately remember the information they learn, recall it at a later time, and utilize it effectively in a wide variety of situations.
學(xué)習(xí)速度并不是唯一的重要因素。學(xué)生需要準(zhǔn)確地記住他們學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容,可以在一段時(shí)間后回憶出來(lái),并且在各種各樣的情況下有效地利用它。
So what can you do to become a better learner? Becoming an effective and efficient student is not something that happens overnight, but putting a few of these tips into daily practice can help you get more out of your study time.
怎樣可以成為一個(gè)更有效率的學(xué)習(xí)者呢?成為一個(gè)高效率的學(xué)習(xí)者并不是一蹴而就的,但選擇以下的一些建議并勤加練習(xí)，你就可以在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)到更多。
1 Memory Improvement Basics 提高記憶力的基本建議
Basic tips such as improving your focus, avoiding cram sessions, and structuring your study time are a good place to start, but there are even more lessons from psychology that can dramatically improve your learning efficiency. Check out some of these memory improvement tips to maximize your memorization and retention of new information.
您可以從提高注意力，避免補(bǔ)習(xí)班，合理安排學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間等基本的技巧開(kāi)始著手，也有一些心理學(xué)的課程可以顯著地提高你的學(xué)習(xí)效率。運(yùn)用這些改善記憶的建議,來(lái)最大化地提高你的記憶和保留信息的能力。
2 Keep Learning (and Practicing) New Things 學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)
Learning and practicing new skills helps your brain retain new information. One sure-fire way to become a more effective learner is to simply keep learning. A 2004 Nature article reported that people who learned how to juggle increased the amount of gray matter in their occipital lobes, the area of the brain is associated with visual memory. When these individuals stopped practicing their new skill, this gray matter vanished. So if you're learning a new language, it is important to keep practicing the language in order to maintain the gains you have achieved.
學(xué)習(xí)或練習(xí)一項(xiàng)新技能可以幫助你的大腦保持新信息。成為一個(gè)更高效學(xué)習(xí)者的有效方法就是不斷地學(xué)習(xí)。2004年Nature的一篇文章曾報(bào)道,學(xué)習(xí)變戲法的人其枕葉灰質(zhì)的量增加了，這片大腦區(qū)域與視覺(jué)記憶相關(guān)。當(dāng)這些人停止練習(xí)新技能時(shí),灰質(zhì)會(huì)逐漸消失。因此如果你正在學(xué)習(xí)一種新語(yǔ)言。經(jīng)常練習(xí)是非常重要的，可以幫助你鞏固已學(xué)的知識(shí)。
3 Learn in Multiple Ways 用多種方式學(xué)習(xí)
Focus on learning in more than one way. Instead of just listening to a podcast, which involves auditory learning, find a way to rehearse the information both verbally and visually. This might involve describing what you learned to a friend, taking notes, or drawing a mind map. By learning in more than one way, you’re further cementing the knowledge in your mind.
采用不止一種的學(xué)習(xí)方法。不是僅僅聽(tīng)播客（包含聽(tīng)覺(jué)學(xué)習(xí)），找到一種可以在聽(tīng)覺(jué)上和視覺(jué)上鞏固所學(xué)知識(shí)的方法。你可以對(duì)你的朋友描述你學(xué)到的知識(shí)，做筆記，畫(huà)思維導(dǎo)圖。通過(guò)多種方法學(xué)習(xí),你會(huì)在頭腦中進(jìn)一步鞏固所學(xué)知識(shí)。
4 Teach What You've Learned to Another Person 把你的所學(xué)教授給他人
Educators have long noted that one of the best ways to learn something is to teach it to someone else.Start by translating the information into your own words. This process alone helps solidify new knowledge in your brain. Next, find some way to share what you’ve learned. Some ideas include writing a blog post, creating a podcast, or participating in a group discussion.
教育者很早就指出,學(xué)習(xí)的最好方法之一就是教授給別人。首先把需要講解的信息翻譯成你自己的語(yǔ)言。這個(gè)過(guò)程有助于在你的大腦中鞏固新知識(shí)。接著,找到一些合適的方法來(lái)分享你所學(xué)的東西。包括寫(xiě)一篇博客文章,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)播客,或參與討論組。
5 Utilize Previous Learning to Promote New Learning 利用已學(xué)知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)
Another great way to become a more effective learner is to use relational learning, which involves relating new information to things that you already know. For example, if you are learning about Romeo and Juliet, you might associate what you learn about the play with prior knowledge you have about Shakespeare, the historical period in which the author lived, and other relevant information.
另外一種提高效率的有效方式是使用知識(shí)之間的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。包括將新的知識(shí)與之前已學(xué)的知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。例如，如果你正在學(xué)習(xí)羅密歐和朱麗葉，你可能會(huì)將你需要學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)和之前你已經(jīng)知道的莎士比亞的信息，其生活的歷史時(shí)期，或者其他相關(guān)的信息聯(lián)系起來(lái)。
6 Gain Practical Experience 收集實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)
For many students, learning typically involves reading textbooks, attending lectures, or doing research in the library or on the Web. While seeing information and then writing it down is important, actually putting new knowledge and skills into practice can be one of the best ways to improve learning.
對(duì)于大部分學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，典型的學(xué)習(xí)包括閱讀教材，參加講座，或者在圖書(shū)館或者網(wǎng)站上做研究。但獲取信息并將知識(shí)記錄下來(lái)是非常重要的。實(shí)際上，將新的知識(shí)或技術(shù)運(yùn)用到實(shí)際中是提高學(xué)習(xí)效果的一種好方法。
If you are trying to acquire a new skill or ability, focus on gaining practical experience. If you are learning a new language, practice speaking with another person and surround yourself with language-immersion experiences. Watch foreign-language films and strike up conversations with native speakers to practice your budding skills.
如果你正嘗試學(xué)習(xí)一種新的技能，多關(guān)注實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累。如果是正在學(xué)習(xí)一種新的語(yǔ)言，與其他人一起練習(xí)口語(yǔ)，讓自己沉浸在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的環(huán)境中。看外語(yǔ)電影或嘗試與母語(yǔ)人士交流來(lái)提高自己的能力。
7 Look Up Answers Rather Than Struggle to Remember 記憶不牢時(shí)，適時(shí)查閱答案
Of course, learning isn’t a perfect process. Sometimes, we forget the details of things that we have already learned. If you find yourself struggling to recall some tidbit of information, research suggests that you are better offer simply looking up the correct answer.
學(xué)習(xí)必然不是一個(gè)完美的過(guò)程，有時(shí)我們會(huì)忘記所學(xué)知識(shí)的一些細(xì)節(jié)。研究表明，你如果發(fā)現(xiàn)回憶一些知識(shí)的細(xì)節(jié)很費(fèi)力，一個(gè)更好的選擇便是直接查閱正確答案。
One study found that the longer you spend trying to remember the answer, the more likely you will be to forget the answer again in the future.
一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)你記憶答案的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，之后就越可能再次忘記。
8 Understand How You Learn Best
Another great strategy for improving your learning efficiency is to recognize your learning habits and styles. There are a number of different theories about learning styles, which can all help you gain a better understanding of how you learn best.
另外一種提高學(xué)習(xí)效率的有效方法是了解你自己的學(xué)習(xí)方式和風(fēng)格。關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格有很多不同的理論，這些學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格的測(cè)試可以幫助你更加確定對(duì)自己最有效的學(xué)習(xí)方式。
9 Use Testing to Boost Learning以測(cè)試促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)
Research has demonstrated that taking tests actually helps you better remember what you've learned, even if it wasn't covered on the test. The study revealed that students who studied and were then tested had better long-term recall of the materials, even on information that was not covered by the tests. Students who had extra time to study but were not tested had significantly lower recall of the materials.
研究表明測(cè)試可以幫助記憶已學(xué)的知識(shí)，甚至是測(cè)試上沒(méi)有覆蓋的知識(shí)也會(huì)得到鞏固。研究結(jié)果表明在學(xué)習(xí)后做測(cè)試的學(xué)生對(duì)測(cè)試中覆蓋和沒(méi)有覆蓋到的知識(shí)都有更牢固的長(zhǎng)期記憶。那些有更多學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間卻沒(méi)有參與測(cè)試環(huán)節(jié)的學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)的回憶能力明顯低于前者。
10 Stop Multitasking 避免同時(shí)做多件事
For many years, it was thought that people who multitask, or perform more than one activity at once, had an edge over those who did not. However, research now suggests that multitasking can actually make learning less effective.
很多年以來(lái)，我們都認(rèn)為那些可以同時(shí)做多件事，同時(shí)參與多項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的人比同時(shí)只做一件事的人更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。然而最近的研究表明同時(shí)做多件事確實(shí)會(huì)使學(xué)習(xí)效率下降。
How can you avoid the dangers of multitasking? Start by focusing your attention on the task at hand and continue working for a predetermined amount of time.
你如何能保證避開(kāi)同時(shí)做多件事的劣勢(shì)呢？在一定的時(shí)間內(nèi)專(zhuān)注于你手頭的工作吧。
Final Thoughts 結(jié)語(yǔ)
Becoming a more effective learner can take time, and it always take practice and determination to establish new habits. Start by focusing on just a few of these tips to see if you can get more out of your next study session.
轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋�(gè)更高效的學(xué)習(xí)者需要花費(fèi)時(shí)間，建立新的習(xí)慣也需要投入實(shí)踐和決心。嘗試以上的一些建議看看下一學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)效率是不是會(huì)更高吧。
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