【導(dǎo)語】高二一年,強(qiáng)人將浮出水面,鳥人將沉入海底。 高二重點(diǎn)解決三個(gè)問題:一,吃透課本;二，找尋適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法；三，總結(jié)自己考試技巧，形成習(xí)慣。為了幫助你的學(xué)習(xí)更上一層樓，逍遙右腦為你準(zhǔn)備了《人教版高二英語必修三語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：過去分詞做狀語》希望可以幫到你！
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..
Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.
過去分詞作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個(gè)狀語從句。vt 過去分詞作狀語時(shí)與主句主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，vi 過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的完成。
Heated , water changes into steam .
The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .
1 作原因狀語，等于as / since / because 引導(dǎo)從句
Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …
2 作時(shí)間狀語，等于when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句，如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / until 等使時(shí)間意義更明確。
When heated , water can be changed into steam .
Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…
3 作條件狀語等于 if / whether 引導(dǎo)從句
Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….
Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …
4 作方式或伴隨狀語
The actress came in , followed by her fans .
She sat by the window , lost in thought .
5 作讓步狀語
Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….
6 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語不是主句主語時(shí)，分詞可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來表示伴隨情況。
The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .
All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .
Rewrite with proper conjunctions
Example : United we stand, divided we fall.
If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.
1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
→When he was asked what had happened, …
2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …
3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
If we were given more time,
4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
Once it was translated into Chinese,
5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
Because she was deeply interested in medicine,
6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
Although he was left alone at home,
現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，與其邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，;而過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)
選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。例如：
Used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很長時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用
注意:1.系表示主語所處的狀態(tài)
_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)
______ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress)
be lost in
be dressed in
be interested in
be devoted to
be supposed to? be caught in the rain
be seated in
be prepared for
be determined to
2.不與主語保持一致的固定結(jié)構(gòu)
generally speaking 一般說來
strictly/ frankly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說/坦白地說
judging from 從…判斷
all things considered 從整體來看
taking all things into consideration 全面看來
例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.
總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 不是dogs 的動(dòng)作)
Practice
1. Complete each sentences using the P.P. of the right verb.
build frighten trap follow shoot see examine
1 ________ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.
2 The lady returned home, ________ by two policemen.
3 After having been _________ carefully, the room was locked again.
4.______ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.
5 _____ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.
6 If _____ in a burning building, you should send for help.
7 Although ______ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
練習(xí)
1 ____ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player .
A Having given B To give C Giving D Given
2 ___in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States .
A Being founded B It was founded
C Founded D Founding
3 Unless __to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .
A invited B inviting
C being invited D having invited
4 ___,but he still couldn’t understand it .
A He had been told many times
B Having been told many times
C Told many times
D Although he had been told many times
5 When first ___to the market , these products enjoyed great success .
A introducing B introduced
C introduce D being introduced
6 There seemed to be nothing ___to do but ___for the doctor .
A leave / send B left / to send
C left / send D leaving / send
作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語，前面又有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 do時(shí)，不定式通常省去to
7____everywhere , the wolves had no where ___themselves .
A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide
C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide
8 . The ___ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ___ by his naughty boy.
A. following, following B. followed, followed
C. following, followed D. followed, following
9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ___ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well ___ care of in the nursery.
A. looked; taken B. looking; taken
C. looked; took D. looking; taking
10. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tied D. tied
11. ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give
C. Giving D. Having given
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（1）大氣對(duì)太陽輻射的削弱作用：①吸收作用：具有選擇性，臭氧吸收紫外線，水汽和二氧化碳吸收紅外線。對(duì)可見光吸收的很少。②反射作用：云層和顆粒較大的塵埃。云層的反射作用最顯著。③散射作用：空氣分子或微小塵埃，使一部分太陽輻射不能到達(dá)地面。
�。�2）大氣對(duì)地面的保溫作用：大氣吸收地面輻射并產(chǎn)生大氣逆輻射（射向地面的大氣輻射），把部分熱量歸還給地面，云層越厚大氣逆輻射越強(qiáng)。
5、全球近地面有7個(gè)氣壓帶（高低壓相間分布），6個(gè)風(fēng)帶。
�。�1）低緯度環(huán)流：
�、俪嗟赖蛪簬В阂�?yàn)闊崃ψ饔眯纬�，氣流輻合上升，易成云致雨，形成多雨帶。常年受其控制形成熱帶雨林氣候（亞馬孫平原、剛果盆地、東南亞的馬來群島）
�、诟睙釒Ц邏簬В阂�?yàn)閯?dòng)力作用而形成，氣流在30度緯度上空聚積而下沉，形成少雨帶（東亞季風(fēng)區(qū)除外），常年受其控制的地區(qū)形成熱帶沙漠氣候（北非的撒哈拉水沙漠、西亞的沙漠、北美美國西部的沙漠、南美智利、秘魯西部的沙漠、澳大利亞大沙漠）
�、坌棚L(fēng)帶：由副高吹向赤道低壓的氣流，在北半球右偏成東北信風(fēng)，在南半球左偏成東南信風(fēng)。
（2）中緯度環(huán)流：
④副極地低壓帶：由來自低緯的暖氣流與來自高緯的冷氣流相遇運(yùn)動(dòng)上升而形成。形成溫帶多雨帶。
�、葜芯曃黠L(fēng)帶：由副高吹向副極地低壓帶的氣流，在北半球右偏成西南風(fēng)，在南半球左偏成西北風(fēng)，習(xí)慣上叫西風(fēng)，受其常年控制的地區(qū)，在大陸西岸形成溫帶海洋性氣候。（歐洲西部、北美西部如加拿大的溫哥華附近、南美南端的安第斯山西側(cè)、澳大利亞南端及塔斯馬尼亞島、新西蘭等）
�。�3）高緯環(huán)流：
�、迾O地高壓帶：因?yàn)闊崃ψ饔枚纬�，冷空氣下沉，形成少雨帶。不過極地因?yàn)闅鉁氐�，蒸發(fā)更少，所以極地屬于降水量大于蒸發(fā)量的地區(qū)，為濕潤地區(qū)。
�、邩O地東風(fēng)帶：由極地高壓帶吹向副極地低壓帶的氣流，在地轉(zhuǎn)偏向力作用下，北半球右偏成東北風(fēng)，南半球左偏成東南風(fēng)。
�。�4）氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶的移動(dòng)：△移動(dòng)的原因：隨太陽直射點(diǎn)的移動(dòng)而動(dòng)�！饕苿�(dòng)方向：就北半球而言，大致是夏季北移，冬季南移。
�。�5）單一氣壓帶或風(fēng)帶作用形成的氣候類型：熱帶雨林氣候（赤道低氣壓帶）、熱帶沙漠氣候（副熱帶高氣壓帶）、溫帶海洋性氣候（中緯西風(fēng)帶）。
�。�6）氣壓帶、風(fēng)帶移動(dòng)形成的氣候類型：熱帶草原氣候（夏季受赤道低氣壓帶控制，冬季受低緯信風(fēng)帶控制）、地中海氣候（夏季受副熱帶高氣壓帶控制，冬季受中緯西風(fēng)帶控制）。
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