一.重點(diǎn)單詞1.include v.包含，包括Six students have been to Japan, including me.六個(gè)學(xué)生曾去過日本，包括我。拓展：(1)contain 指作為組成部分被包含在內(nèi)，是內(nèi)容物的包括。The drink contains alcohol.這種飲料里含有酒精。(2)include指作為整體的一部分包括進(jìn)去，是范圍的包括。His duty includes answering phones.他的責(zé)任包括接電話。(3) including +名詞/代詞 意思為 “包括...在內(nèi)”。(4) 名詞/代詞+ included 意思為 “...被包括在內(nèi)”。運(yùn)用：選擇填空(1)Five students, ____Tom, passed the exam the other day.A. included B. including C. contain D. contained答案：B including +名詞/代詞 意思為 “包括...在內(nèi)”，名詞/代詞+ included 意思為 “...被包括在內(nèi)”。Tom included 也對。(2) The boss has______ the broken cup in your bill.A. including B. included C. contained D. containing答案：B include指作為整體的一部分包括進(jìn)去，是范圍的包括。2.journey n.旅行拓展：trip , tour, travel與journey的區(qū)別journey主要指路地長途旅行， trip常指短距離的旅行，遠(yuǎn)足。tour常指觀光、考察等的環(huán)游旅行，travel指短距離或國外旅行運(yùn)用：選擇填空He likes __ to France.A. journey B. traveling C. tour D. trip答案：B like to do/doing sth3. power n.1) 權(quán),政權(quán);權(quán)力;勢力 (+over)2) 職權(quán);權(quán)限[C][U][+to-v]The president has the power to vote down bills.總統(tǒng)有權(quán)否決議案。3) 能力,本領(lǐng) (+of)She lost her power of speech.她失去了說話的能力。4)力;動(dòng)力,電力The shortage of power dimmed the streets.由于電力不足,街道昏暗。5) (有時(shí)大寫)有權(quán)力的人;有影響的機(jī)構(gòu);強(qiáng)國,大國The world powers will meet in Paris this summer.今夏世界上的大國將在巴黎聚會(huì)。拓展：powerful adj. 有影響力的，權(quán)力大的 powerfully adv.有權(quán)勢地(1) come into power 上臺(tái)、執(zhí)政(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)(2) the power to do sth =the power of doing sth 做……的能力類似用法的詞還有way, chance等。(3) out of/beyond one's power 某人不能勝任的;能力所不及(4) in power 執(zhí)政，當(dāng)權(quán)(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))(5) have power over sb. 能支配某人運(yùn)用：選擇填空When Hitler came into___, he found the doors of the study closed to him.A. light B. power C. office D. being答案：B come into power 上臺(tái)、執(zhí)政。4.accept v.接受、應(yīng)允、收受 答應(yīng)拓展：accept強(qiáng)調(diào)自愿主動(dòng)地接受，receive強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)接受 或收到accept作及物動(dòng)詞，還表示承認(rèn),相信 ,接納。Mary received a gift from a friend of hers, but she didn't accept it.I can't accept my new boss.運(yùn)用：選擇填空He did____ the gift, but he didn’t____ it.A. accept; receive B. receive; acceptC. accepted; receive. D. receive; accepted答案： D accept強(qiáng)調(diào)自愿主動(dòng)地接受，rece

eive強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)接受 或收到。5.decorate vt裝飾;布置He decorated the room with flowers.他用鮮花裝飾了那間房子。拓展：(1)decorate sth with sth 用某物裝點(diǎn)某物(2)decoration n 裝潢，裝飾品運(yùn)用： 翻譯他為了給我裝修房間買了許多裝飾品給我。答案： He bought me a lot of decorations to decorate my rooms.6.darkness 黑暗The whole country was in thick darkness when the war broke out.當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時(shí)，整個(gè)國家都籠罩在深深的黑暗中。拓展：darkness與dark的區(qū)別，darkness常指一時(shí)的黑暗。dark表示經(jīng)常的黑暗或長時(shí)間的黑暗，用時(shí)需加the。Keep sb in the dark 為某人保密Keep sth in the dark 暗中做事運(yùn)用：選擇填空lt was ________before we got there.A. lights B. moon C. bright D. dark答案： D dark表示經(jīng)常的黑暗或長時(shí)間的黑暗。7. occasion n.1) 場合,時(shí)刻;重大活動(dòng),盛典[C]2) 時(shí)機(jī),機(jī)會(huì)I seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner.我抓住機(jī)會(huì)邀請她回家里吃飯。3)起因,近因 (+of)His departure was the occasion of much sadness.他的離別是令人十分悲傷的起因。4) 理由;需要[U] (+for/+to-v)He has no occasion to buy another bike.他沒有必要再買一輛自行車。拓展：occasion vt.引起;惹起Li Ming rude behavior occasioned a quarrel.李明的粗魯行為引起了一場爭吵。與occasion搭配的相關(guān)詞組:by occasion of 由于,因?yàn)?on occasion(s) 偶爾,間或,有時(shí);on the occasion of 在…之際;on this occasion 這一次on one occasion 曾經(jīng)，有一個(gè)時(shí)候運(yùn)用：完成句子(1) 由于粗心她沒有通過考試。He failed the exam ____ occasion ___ his carelessness.答案： by; of(2) 你沒有理由賣掉這房子。You have no occasion ___ ___ the house.答案：to; sell8. contribute v.拓展：(1)捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)，增加The terrible weather contributed to our difficulty .惡劣的天氣增加人們的困難。(2)向……投稿Li Lei often contributes to the magazine.李雷經(jīng)常給雜志投稿。(3)contribution n.貢獻(xiàn)，常用詞組 make a contribution /contributions to為……做貢獻(xiàn)They made great contributions to their motherland.他為他的祖國作出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。運(yùn)用：選擇填空The rich man _________much money ___his hometown.A.contributed; to B.contribute; to C.contibuted to; to D.contributes to; on答案：A contribute ...to... 有“捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)，增加,向……投稿”之意。9. destroy vt.1) 毀壞,破壞A fire destroyed the house.一場火毀壞了那座房屋。2) 殺死,消滅3)打破(希望、計(jì)劃);使失敗What she said destroyed his last hope.她說的話摧毀了他最后的希望。拓展：damage ,ruin ,destroy 的hurt區(qū)別(1)damage,destroy,ruin主要用于無生命的事物，而hurt主要用于有生命的人或動(dòng)物。(2)damage 通常表示事物的價(jià)值或功能部分受損。如：The ship was damaged in the bottom.那條船的底部被

損壞。(3)destroy,ruin均表示事物全部被毀。如：They destroy all of the two enemy warships他們把2艘敵艦全部殲滅。(4)hurt 有適用范圍較廣，可指人或動(dòng)物因各種原因?qū)е碌奶弁椿驌p傷。如：Children are liable to get hurt when they play.孩子們在玩耍時(shí)易受傷。運(yùn)用：翻譯下列句子(1)In crowded populations, poverty destroys the possibility of cleanliness.(George Bernard Shaw)答案： 在人口擁擠的地方，貧困使清潔毫無可能。(喬治•伯納德•肖)(2)Too much money destroys as surely as too little.(John Simon)答案：過多的錢和過少的錢一樣會(huì)帶來破壞作用。(約翰•西蒙)(3)The floods did a lot of damage to the crops.答案：洪水使莊稼受到了很大損失。10. serve vt.1) 為...服務(wù);為...服役serve the people 為人民服務(wù)2) 供應(yīng) (+with)3) 侍候(顧客等);供應(yīng)(飯菜);端上 (+to/with)The girl served me a cup of coffee.那女孩給我端上一杯咖啡。4)任(職);服(刑);當(dāng)(學(xué)徒) (+as/for/in)She served two years in prison.他坐過八年牢。5)適合(特定用途或目的);對...有用;供...使用[+to-v]My old bike serves me very well.我那輛舊自行車對我很有用。拓展：serve vi.1)服務(wù);服役;供職;幫傭 (+in/on/under)His father served in the navy during the FirstWorld War.他的父親在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間在海軍服役。2)招待,侍候;上酒,端菜Ann is serving at the table.安在侍候進(jìn)餐。3)適用;有用;足夠 (+for/as/+to-v)A simple example will serve to prove my point.一個(gè)簡單的例子可以證明我的這一點(diǎn)。運(yùn)用：翻譯下列句子(1)必須教育孩子長大后為國家服務(wù)。答案：Children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up.(2)他的父親坐過幾年牢。答案：His father served several years as a prisoner.11. sticky adj.粘的;涂有粘膠物質(zhì)的;泥濘的My son’s fingers are sticky with jam.他的手沾了醬,粘糊糊的。拓展：sticky 當(dāng)形容詞還有：1)(口)濕熱的The climate there is sticky.那里的氣候濕熱。2)(口)棘手的,麻煩的The man put her a sticky position.那個(gè)男的將她置于一個(gè)困難的境地。3) (口)過于多情的,易感傷的4) 不靈活的,易卡住的5) sticky finger可以原來形容愛小偷小摸的人Tom has sticky fingers運(yùn)用：翻譯下列句子那位愛小偷小摸的人非常喜歡吃糯米，因?yàn)樗�喜歡吃粘性食物。答案：The man who has sticky fingers likes sticky rice, because he likes sticky food.二.重點(diǎn)詞組1.drive away 趕走、驅(qū)趕He drove the dog away.他趕走了那條狗。drive vt.1) 駕駛(汽車等)I don't know how to drive a car.我不會(huì)開車。2) 用車送(人)I'll drive you to the airport.我將會(huì)開車送你去機(jī)場。3) 驅(qū)趕,趕走He drove the sheep down the hill.他把羊群往山下趕。4)驅(qū)動(dòng)(機(jī)器)The machine is driven by electricity.這機(jī)器用電力驅(qū)動(dòng)。5) 迫使;逼迫They drove her to admit it.他們逼迫她承認(rèn)。拓展：(1) drive

off 驅(qū)逐，擊退We drove off the enemies.我們擊退了敵人。(2) drive sb mad 把某人逼瘋了Don't drive me mad. 別把我逼瘋了。運(yùn)用：選擇填空The difficulty___ her mad.A. makes B. drove C. lets D. goes答案：B drive sb mad 意思是“ 把某人逼瘋了”。2.take part in 參與，參加Many students take part in our sports meeting every year.每年都有許多學(xué)生參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。拓展:take part in,join in 與 join的區(qū)別:(1) take part in意為“參加”，指參加群眾性的活動(dòng)，側(cè)重于成為活動(dòng)的主體，有時(shí)可以與join in互換，但表示“參加會(huì)議”時(shí)多用take part in，take part in 后面不帶賓語時(shí)則不用in。(2) join in 意為“加入”，“參與某種活動(dòng)”，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式，join sb in (doing)sth意為“參加某人的活動(dòng)”，join in多指參加正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)，也可單獨(dú)使用，即 join sb。(3) join 指加入某一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)或組織而成為其中的一員。運(yùn)用：選擇填空Will you___us ___her birthday?A.join; in celebrating B. join in; celebratingC. take part in; celebrating D. join; to celebrate答案：A join sb in (doing)sth意為“參加某人的活動(dòng)”。3.put out v.撲滅Please put out fire.請把火撲滅。put out 還有以下幾種意思：1) 伸出It's dangerous to put out your hand now.現(xiàn)在你把手伸出去是危險(xiǎn)的。2) 熄滅Put out the fire before going to bed.睡覺之前先熄掉爐火。3) 出版put out 與 go out 表示“熄滅”的區(qū)別：put out (人)使火熄滅I put out the fire.我撲滅了火。go out(火自己)熄滅The fire has gone out.火自己熄滅了。拓展：(1) put aside 忽視，不理會(huì)(2) put through 完成，使成功(3) put away把...放回原處，攢錢(4) put up 表現(xiàn)，提出(意見等)(5) put down 降落，著陸(6) put off 推遲運(yùn)用：選擇填空The sports meeting must be____ because of the bad weather.A. put off B. put C. put aside D. put on答案：A put off 推遲 ，put aside 忽視，不理會(huì) 。三.重點(diǎn)句型1.be said to+v 據(jù)說拓展：(1) be said to be/do 據(jù)說做某事如： The book is said to be good.據(jù)說這是一本好書。(2) be said to be doing 據(jù)說正在做某事如： She is said to be working on a new novel. 據(jù)說她正在寫一本新小說。(3) be said to have done 據(jù)說已經(jīng)做了某事如：She is said to have written 3 novels.據(jù)說她已經(jīng)寫了三本小說。運(yùn)用：翻譯下列句子(1)據(jù)說他是班里為勤奮的學(xué)生。答案：He is said to be the most hard-working in his class.(2)據(jù)說她正在日本學(xué)習(xí)。答案： She is said to be studying in Japan.(3)據(jù)說他已寫了三本小說。答案： He is said to have written three novels.2.while 當(dāng)……時(shí)，在……時(shí)候I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.當(dāng)我在做作業(yè)時(shí)，媽媽在做飯。拓展：有很多意思，可以用在許多從句中。(1) 當(dāng)……時(shí)，在……時(shí)候，和……同時(shí)，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。如： His sis

ter was watching TV while Tom was doing his homework.當(dāng)湯姆正在做作業(yè)時(shí)，他姐姐正在看電視。(2) 只要，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。如： I will go with you while he helps me.只要他將幫我，我就將和你一起去。(3) 雖然，盡管， 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如： While he has many shortcomings, she still loves him.盡管他有許多缺點(diǎn)，但她依然愛他。(4) 表對此關(guān)系。如： Kate likes music while her twin sister likes sports.運(yùn)用：翻譯下列句子(1) 他在看書時(shí)睡著了。答案： He fell asleep while(he was) reading.(2)有生命就有希望。答案： While there is life ,there is hope.有(3)盡管他昨天病了，但他還是去幫她了。答案：While he was ill yesterday he went to help her.(4)我喜歡數(shù)學(xué)，而我的兄弟卻喜歡英語。答案：I like math while my brother likes English.四.長句辯析1. Traditional moon cakes are usually made with....拓展：1)be made with 表示構(gòu)成某一物品的主要原材料。The cake is made with flour.蛋糕主要是由面粉做成的。2)be made of 和be made from 都有“由原材料制成”但后者表示某一物品由某材料制成后，原材料已看不出。運(yùn)用：翻譯下列句子(1)有的鞋子是用布做的。答案：Some shoes are made of cloth.(2)紙是由木材做成的。答案：The paper is made from wood.(3)木材能被制成紙。答案：Wood can be made into paper.2. in the past, lanterns....拓展：(1)light的過去式和過去分詞同分別是lit/lit 和lighted/lighted.作謂語時(shí)，兩者都可使用，但做定語時(shí)只能用lighted。如：He lighted/lit the candle 他點(diǎn)燃了蠟燭。(2)be decorated with 布置，裝飾有The hall is decoraterd with flowers大廳里布置上了鮮花。運(yùn)用：改錯(cuò)This is a lit cigarette.答案：lit改為lighted

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