BBC預(yù)期壽命計算法使用的數(shù)據(jù)來自于"全球疾病負擔(dān)調(diào)查" (the Global Burden of Disease)。它是健康指標(biāo)與評估研究所(the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)的一個項目。使用該計算法發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些有意思的事情。
1. We’re living longer
1.我們的壽命在延長
Global life expectancy has risen more than seven years since 1990. People around the world are living longer thanks in part to lower death rates from heart disease in high-income countries and fewer child deaths in low-income countries. Improved health care, better sanitation and medical advances in treating diseases have also contributed to the rise.
自從1990年以來，全球人口壽命增長7歲。全球人口壽命延長，部分原因是高收入國家心臟病死亡率下降。同時，低收入國家兒童死亡率減少。當(dāng)然，醫(yī)療改善、衛(wèi)生條件提高以及醫(yī)學(xué)進步都是壽命提高的原因。
Healthy life expectancy lso rose by 6.3 years.
與此同時，人們的健康壽命也上升6.3年。
2. Western Europe dominates the top
2.西歐人均壽命最長
Fourteen of the top 20 countries for life expectancy are in Europe, but East Asia tops the pile overall: people born today in Japan and Singapore can expect to live to 84 years old.
全球壽命排行榜前20位的國家中，有14個歐洲國家和地區(qū)。但是東亞國家數(shù)據(jù)要更好，日本和新加坡出生的人口預(yù)期可以活到84歲。
3. African countries dominate the bottom
3.非洲國家墊底
All but two of the bottom 20 countries are from Africa.
排在最后20個國家中，有18個在非洲。
Children born in in Lesotho and the Central African Republic have a life expectancy of only 50 years, 34 fewer than those born in Japan.
例如，2018年在萊索托以及中非共和國出生的兒童平均預(yù)期壽命為50歲，比日本人少了34歲。
Meanwhile, decades of war, drought and lawlessness make Afghanistan the only Asian country near the bottom, with a life expectancy of only 58.
這是因為這兩個國家飽經(jīng)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。同時，連年的戰(zhàn)爭、干旱等因素使阿富汗成為排在最后幾名的唯一亞洲國家。人均預(yù)期壽命為58歲。
4. Women generally outlive men
4. 女性壽命總的來說比男性壽命長
Women outlive men in 195 out of 198 countries, and on average by six years. However, in some countries that gap is as much as 11.
在接受調(diào)查的198個國家中，195個國家中的女性都比男性壽命長，平均多活6歲。在有些國家，女性比男性甚至多活11歲。
The three countries where men outlive women are the Republic of Congo, Kuwait and Mauritania.
但在剛果共和國、科威特和毛里塔尼亞這3個國家，男性壽命比女性長。
5. In Ethiopia, life expectancy rose 19 years
5.埃塞俄比亞，平均壽命增長19歲
Since 1990, life expectancy has improved in 96% of countries.
自1990年以來，96%國家的人口壽命有所提高。
Biggest improvements have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia, still recovering from famine in 1990, had a life expectancy of only 47. Babies born there in could expect to live 19 years longer thanks partly to significant decreases in respiratory infections and diarrhoeal diseases, such as rotavirus and cholera.
改善程度最大的要數(shù)撒哈拉以南的非洲國家，其中埃塞俄比亞1990年平均壽命只有47歲(受饑荒影響)。但2018年出生的人預(yù)期壽命會增加19歲，部分原因是呼吸道感染以及腹瀉疾病等大大降低。
6. However, life expectancy fell in eight countries
6. 8個國家人均壽命下降
As well as having some of the biggest rises in life expectancy, sub-Saharan Africa also has four of the eight countries where life expectancy has fallen since 1990.The biggest drop was in Lesotho, where according to UN estimates, one in four people are living with HIV - the second highest rate in the world.
除了在預(yù)期壽命方面一些國家出現(xiàn)了較大的增長之外，還有一些國家的預(yù)期壽命發(fā)生了降低，自1990年以來，在8個壽命降低的國家中，有4個是撒哈拉以南非洲國家，其中最嚴重的是萊索托。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國估計，該國四分之一的人是艾滋病毒攜帶者。
Babies born in neighbouring South Africa in can expect to live to 62 - two years fewer than their compatriots born in 1990. During this period, the country has struggled with the effects of a widespread HIV epidemic.
南非國家2018年出生的人平均預(yù)期壽命為62歲，而1990年出生的人平均壽命卻是64，其主要原因也是受艾滋病泛濫的影響。
7. Cross-border differences
7.地區(qū)化影響
Life expectancy can be surprisingly localised - some neighbouring countries had almost 20 years between them. For example, cross the border from China into Afghanistan, and life expectancy falls by more than 18 years.
影響人口平均壽命的因素很多，兩個相鄰國家之間可以有巨大差別。例如，中國與阿富汗，兩國人口平均壽命相差18歲。
And Mali - which has suffered years of terrorism and civil strife this decade - has a life expectancy of only 62, but people born in neighbouring Algeria can expect to live to 77.
另外，位于西非的內(nèi)陸國家馬里受連年恐怖主義以及內(nèi)戰(zhàn)干擾，人均壽命只有62歲，但它的鄰國阿爾及利亞平均壽命則為77歲。
8. War has a devastating impact
8. 戰(zhàn)爭對人口平均壽命有毀滅性影響
Back in 2019, Syria was ranked 65th in the world for life expectancy, in the top third of countries. However, years of unrelenting war have seen it drop to 142nd place in .
2019年敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn)前，該國人均壽命排在前65位，但在2018年，敘利亞人口壽命下降到142位。
Meanwhile, at the height of the Rwandan genocide in 1994, life expectancy at birth was only 11 years.
與此同時，位于中非的盧旺達1994年發(fā)生種族大屠殺最嚴重時期，人口預(yù)期壽命僅為11歲。
9. As do famine and natural disasters
9. 饑荒和自然災(zāi)害同樣減壽
North Korea suffered a devastating famine between 1994 and 1998 that knocked several years off its life expectancy until the early 2000s.
朝鮮在1994到1998年之間發(fā)生嚴重饑荒，導(dǎo)致人口平均壽命下降，直到2000年以后才有所好轉(zhuǎn)。
More than 200,000 people are estimated to have died from the Haiti earthquake in 2019. However, life expectancy did recover the following year.
2019年，加勒比海島國海地地震估計造成20萬人死亡，使該國預(yù)期壽命受到影響，雖然后來有所恢復(fù)。
本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.yy-art.cn/gaozhong/1244951.html
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