⑴ 時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、at的用法區(qū)別：表示時(shí)間時(shí), in表示在一段時(shí)間里(在將來(lái)時(shí)句子中則表示在一段時(shí)間之后),on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或者瞬間; 表示地點(diǎn)時(shí), in表示在某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi), on表示在某個(gè)平面上或與一個(gè)面相接觸,at則表示在某個(gè)具體的場(chǎng)所或地點(diǎn)。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七點(diǎn)鐘起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼鏡就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在電影院)
⑵ after與in表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別：“after+(具體時(shí)刻/從句)”表示“在…時(shí)刻之后”常用于一般時(shí)態(tài);“in+(一段時(shí)間)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他說(shuō)他六點(diǎn)鐘之后會(huì)來(lái)這兒)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父親大約一個(gè)月以后從英國(guó)回來(lái))
⑶ since與for表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別：“since+(具體時(shí)刻/that-從句)”表示“自從…起一直到現(xiàn)在”,“for +(一段?間)”表示“總共有…之久”,都常用于完成時(shí)態(tài);如：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自從1970年起就在這家工廠工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在這家工廠已經(jīng)工作了30多年)
⑷ by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個(gè)交通工具或“以……方式”,在被動(dòng)句中可以表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;in表示“使用”某種語(yǔ)言/文字,with表示“使用”某個(gè)具體的工具、手段。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我們打的去動(dòng)物園吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍寫(xiě)的)
⑸ about與on的用法區(qū)別：都可以表示“有關(guān)…”,但是about的意義比較廣,而on主要表示“有關(guān)…(專題/課程)”。如：Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(湯姆要作一個(gè)美國(guó)歷史的報(bào)告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他們興致勃勃地談?wù)撝磳?lái)到的野外旅游)
⑹ through與across、over的用法區(qū)別： through指“穿過(guò)…(門(mén)洞/人群/樹(shù)林)”;across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互換,但是表示“翻過(guò)…”時(shí)只能用over. 如：Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那時(shí)一只老鼠跑過(guò)路面)/ There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座橋)/ They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他們翻過(guò)大山提前到達(dá)了那里)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(參觀者們穿過(guò)一個(gè)大門(mén)來(lái)到另一個(gè)公園)
(7)as與like的區(qū)別：兩個(gè)詞都表示“像……”,但是as譯為“作為……”,表示的是職業(yè)、職務(wù)、作用等事實(shí),而like譯為“像……一樣”,表示外表,不是事實(shí)。如：Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父親的身份和你講話。)(說(shuō)話者是聽(tīng)者的父親) / Let me speak to you like a father.(讓我像一位父親一樣和你講話)(說(shuō)話者不是聽(tīng)者的父親)
(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法區(qū)別：at the end of…既可以表示時(shí)間也可以表示地點(diǎn),譯為“在…末;在…盡頭”,常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用;by the end of…只能表示時(shí)間,譯為“在…前;到…為止”,常用于過(guò)去完成時(shí); in the end與at last基本等義,表示“終于、最后”,通常用于過(guò)去時(shí);to the end譯為“到…的終點(diǎn)為止”,前面往往有表示運(yùn)動(dòng)或連續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。如：By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上學(xué)期期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了第三冊(cè)16個(gè)單元)/ At the end of the roadyou can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的盡頭你能找到一幢有棕色窗戶的白房子)/ They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他們動(dòng)身去了北京)/ In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最終在期末考試及格了)/ We should go on with the work to the end.(我們應(yīng)該把工作干到底)/ Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿這條路走到底就能看見(jiàn)一家郵電局)
(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的區(qū)別：for a moment“一會(huì)兒、片刻”(=for a while),常與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用;for the moment“暫時(shí)、目前”,常用于現(xiàn)在時(shí);in a moment“一會(huì)兒、立即、馬上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于將來(lái)時(shí);at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Please wait for a moment.(請(qǐng)稍等)/ Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暫時(shí)就維持現(xiàn)狀吧!) / I’ll come back in a moment.(我過(guò)會(huì)兒回來(lái))/ I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)
(10)but的問(wèn)題：用介詞but引出另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí),要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形動(dòng)詞,前面沒(méi)有do時(shí),后面的動(dòng)詞要加to。如：I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) / They had no choice(選擇) but to fight.(他們沒(méi)有選擇只有戰(zhàn)斗)
(11)in front of 與in the front of： in front of“在…的前面”, 與in the front of“在…的前部”。如：A car was parking in front of the hall.(大廳跟前停著一輛汽車(chē))/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大廳前部立著一個(gè)大講臺(tái))
(12)except與besides的區(qū)別：except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”則表示包含,即“不僅……又……”。如：Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宮博物院)(Tom沒(méi)有去故宮)/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了漢語(yǔ)之外,他還學(xué)其他許多功課)(“漢語(yǔ)”也是他學(xué)的功課之一)
本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.yy-art.cn/gaozhong/141129.html
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