非謂語動(dòng)詞是指分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等三種形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing 。當(dāng)然它們有各自不同的變化形式，如：
現(xiàn)在分詞 doing : 有being done(被動(dòng)式) ; having done (完成式); having been do
ne (完成被動(dòng)式)
不定式 to do : 有to be done (被動(dòng)式); to have done (完成式); to be doing(進(jìn)行式)
動(dòng)名詞 doing : 有having done(完成式); being done(被動(dòng)式) ;
非謂語動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)： 三種非謂語動(dòng)詞都具有動(dòng)詞的特征，雖然它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是它們都能帶自己的狀語或有時(shí)跟賓語。它們都有各自的特征：分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征;動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的特征;不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。具體來講：分詞在句子中可以做定語、表語、狀語或補(bǔ)足語等;動(dòng)名詞在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語等;不定式在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)足語或狀語。
下面分別對(duì)三種非謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行講解：
一．動(dòng)詞不定式
先看幾個(gè)例句，判斷不定式在句中的成分。
1.To learn a foreign language is difficult .
2. His wish is to be a driver .
3.Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .
4.The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
5.I have nothing to say .
6.They went to see their aunt .
7.It’s easy to see their aunt.
8.I don’t know what to do next .
9.I heard them make a noise .
說明：1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語, 2.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語,3.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,4.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，5.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語,6.動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語,7.動(dòng)詞不定式作真正主語，it 代替動(dòng)詞不定式，作形式主語。8.帶有連接代詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,9.不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
掌握動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：
1. “to” 是不定式符號(hào)還是介詞，下列短語中的to 都是介詞。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,
equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2. 帶to 還是不帶to
I have no choice but to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom .
( 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .)
3. 動(dòng)詞不定式邏輯主語是由for 作為標(biāo)記的。但是有時(shí)用of .
It’s necessary for you to study hard .
It’s foolish of him to do it .
與of 連用的形容詞有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible
4.后接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.
需要賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不能用動(dòng)詞不定式直接做介詞的賓語，而要用it做形式賓語。例如：通常不說We think to obey the laws is important . 而說We think it important to obey the laws .
5.不定式的省略。下列短語中，如果意義明確，常常省略到to 。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o
ught to , need to , used to , be able to
6.不定式作定語，應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系：
1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Please lend me something to write with .
He is looking for a room to live
He is looking for a room to live in .
He has no money and no place
to live ( in ) .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
There is no time to think ( about ) .
2)主謂關(guān)系：
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 邏輯主語是I )
-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 邏輯主語不是I )
7.不定式作狀語，可以有以下幾種意義：
1) 原因
He is lucky to get here on time .
這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2) 目的
He came to help me with my maths .
3) 結(jié)果
I hurried to get there only to find him out .
The book is too hard for the boy to read .
He is old enough to go to school .
8 . 不定式作補(bǔ)足語
I saw him play in the street just now .
能跟不帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice
注: 當(dāng)這些詞為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，不定式要帶to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.
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