高考臨近,小編為大家準備了些高考詞匯的辨別,希望大家能從中獲益!
一、根據(jù)從句動作的持續(xù)性來區(qū)分
1. “主短從長”型:即主句是一個短暫性的動作,而從句是一個持續(xù)性動作,此時三者都可用。如:
Jim hurt his arm while [when, as] he was playing tennis. 吉姆打網球時把手臂扭了。
As [When, While] she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient. 她在等火車時,變得很不耐煩。
注意:as用于引出一個持續(xù)性動詞表示“在……期間”時,其謂語通常只能是那些含有動作(action)和發(fā)展(development)意味的動詞,一般不能是那些不用于進行時態(tài)的動詞(如be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等),所以下面一句中的while不能換為as:
A:I’m going to the post office. 我要去郵局。
B:While you are there, can you get me some stamps? 當你在郵局時,能幫我買幾張郵票嗎?
2. “主長從長”型:即主句和從句為兩個同時進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài),且強調主句動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到從句所指的整個時間,此時通常要用while。如:
I always listen to the radio while I’m driving. 我總是一邊開車一邊聽收音機。
He didn’t ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message. 他沒有讓我進去,他只顧看那張條子,讓我站在門口等著(from www.nmet168.com)。
但是,若主句和從句所表示的兩個同時進行的動作含有“一邊……一邊”之意時,則習慣上要用as。如:
He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路時擺動著手臂。
I couldn’t remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along. 我想不出有什么故事可給孩子講了,只好現(xiàn)編現(xiàn)講。
3. “主長從短”型:即主句是一個持續(xù)性動作,而從句是一個短暫性動作,此時可以用as或when,但不能用while。如:
It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我們到達時正下著大雨。
When [As] he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他進來時,我在聽收音機。
二、根據(jù)主句與從句動作是否同時發(fā)生來區(qū)分
1. 若主句與從句表示的是兩個同時發(fā)生的短暫性動作,含有類似漢語“一……就”的意思,英語一般要用as (也可用when)。如:
The ice cracked as [when] I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。
He jumped to his feet as the boss came in. 老板一進來他立刻站了起來。
但是,在hardly [scarcely]…when…句式中,不能將when換成as。如:
Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain. 我們剛一到就下起雨來了。
2. 若主句與從句表示的是兩個幾乎同時發(fā)生的短暫性動作,含有類似漢語“剛要……就”“正要……卻”的意思,英語一般要用as(也可用when),且此時通常連用副詞just。如:
I caught him just when [as] he was leaving the building. 他正要離開大樓的時候,我把他截住了。
Just as [when] the two men were leaving, a message arrived. 就在這兩個人要離開的時候,突然有了消息。
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