高中英語常見動(dòng)詞用法及語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高中英語 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

1. 動(dòng)詞 advise 與 suggest 的異同

1. 意義

advise 有“勸告”、“建議”之意。但 suggest 除有 advise 之意外,還有“暗示”、“使人想起”、“提出”之意。例如:

The thought of winter suggests skating.(不能換成 advise)

想到冬天人們會(huì)聯(lián)想起滑冰。

2. 用法

(1) advice 接復(fù)合賓語構(gòu)成 advise sb. to do,但 suggest 不能。

例如:

I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in future.

我建議你今后不再吃生水果。

(2) advise 和 suggest 都只能接 ing 分詞作賓語,不可接不定式作賓語。例如:

He suggested(= advised) having a meeting on Saturday.

他建議星期六開一場(chǎng)會(huì)。

(3) 表示建議時(shí) advise 和 suggest 均接虛擬語氣從句。例如:

He advised/suggested that we (should) have a meeting on Saturday.

但是 suggest 表示“暗示”、“意思是”、“提出”等意時(shí),后接陳述語氣的從句,而 advise則不能。例如:

His smile suggested that he was pleased to take the job.

他的微笑說明了他樂意接受這份工作。

表示“勸說”、“說服”時(shí),advise、try to persuade、persuade sb. to do 和 persuade sb. into doing 依次愈來愈強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。

1.10.2. 有關(guān) agree 的用法

1. agree to

(1) to 為介詞。agree to 表示“應(yīng)許”、“同意”。指同意某一看法、計(jì)劃、安排、建議等。例如:

I cannot agree to the terms of this contract.

我不贊同合同里的條款。

(2) to 為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)。agree to 表示“同意做”、“答應(yīng)做”,后接動(dòng)詞原形。例如:

I’m sorry to say I don’t agree to cooperate with you.

很遺憾,恐怕我不能同意與你合作。

agree to do 可以轉(zhuǎn)化為 agree 加賓語從句。例如:

I agreed to leave at once. = I agreed that I would leave at once.

2. agree with

(1) with 后接指人的名詞或代詞作賓語,表示“同意”。例如:

They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.

他們互不同意,因?yàn)槊總(gè)人都相信自己知道的正是那頭獸的樣子。

(2) with 后接“某人所說的話”,表示“同意”。例如:

He didn’t agree with what I said. 他不同意我所說的。

此時(shí) agree with = agree to。例如:

I agree to what you say. 我同意你所講的話。

(3) 構(gòu)成 A agree with B 的句式,表示“對(duì)……適合”、“與……一致”、“與……協(xié)調(diào)”。例如:

Its ideas did not agree with what was written in the Bible.

它(指《物種起源》)的觀點(diǎn)與《圣經(jīng)》上寫的不相符。

3. agree on/upon 指雙方或多方就某事取得一致意見。例如:

Wallace and Darwin agreed on the way in which different forms of life had begun.

華萊士和達(dá)爾文對(duì)不同類型的生物是如何起源的持相同的觀點(diǎn)。

指雙方或多方就某一具體內(nèi)容一致時(shí),還可用agree about.

They disagreed about some of the views in the book.

他們對(duì)書中的某些觀點(diǎn)意見不一致。

1.10.3. bring,take,fetch,carry 的區(qū)別

1. bring 表示向說話人的方向運(yùn)動(dòng),意思是“拿來”、“帶來”、“取來”。例如:

I have brought my umbrella with me today.

當(dāng)說話人和聽話人在不同地點(diǎn)時(shí),bring 所指的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向,既可朝向說話人,又可朝向聽話人,甚至是將去的地方或曾經(jīng)去過的地方。例如:

Come to the theatre with us tonight, and bring Mary.

今晚和我們一起去看戲,把瑪麗也帶上。

2. take 表示向其他方向運(yùn)動(dòng)或離開說話人,意思是“帶走”、“拿去”。例如:

She took 50 dollars to the supermarket and brought home a lot of groceries. 她從家里帶去了 50 美元,從超級(jí)市場(chǎng)購來許多食品。

3. fetch 和 get 可以互換使用,指去某地取東西返回出發(fā)地點(diǎn),表示“去帶來”、“去取來”、“去拿來”。get 比 fetch 更常用。例如:

He is seriously ill. We must fetch a doctor at once.

4. carry 表示“隨身攜帶”人或物,并不說明固定的方向。例如:

He is very strong. He can carry such a heavy box up.

他非常壯,他能將一個(gè)極重的箱子扛起來。

1.10.4. 有關(guān) catch 的用法

1. 作“抓住”解。例如:

They caught an enemy soldier alive.

他們活捉了一個(gè)敵兵。

注意:表“抓住某部位”多用 catch sb. by the +部位。例如:

I caught him by the arm.

2. catch on(鉤住、絆住)。例如:

My sleeve caught on a nail. = My sleeve got caught on a nail.

我的衣袖被釘子掛往了。

3. catch in/by(阻隔),常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中。例如:

I was caught in the heavy rain.

我被阻在雨中。

4. 作“感染(病)”解。例如:

He has caught a cold/a fever.

他感冒了/他發(fā)燒了。

5. 作“著(火)”解。例如:

The house caught fire.

6. 作“(偶然/突然)撞見、發(fā)覺”解,多接 ing 分詞,作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

Don’t let me catch you at it again.

別讓我再撞見你干這種事。

The policeman caught Soapy stealing the money from the old lady.

那個(gè)警察撞見了蘇比在偷那位老太太的錢。

7. 作“趕上”解。例如:

與 miss 對(duì)立。如:catch the train.

catch up with him = catch him up。

1.10.5. 表示“導(dǎo)致”、“引起”的詞

1. cause

cause 常接帶 to 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

What causes an apple to fall to the ground?

使蘋果落地的原因何在?

2. lead to

He began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics. 他開始研究,這些研究使他在物理方面有了新發(fā)現(xiàn)。

3. bring about

Electricity can bring about chemical change.

電可以引起化學(xué)變化。

4. result in

His carelessness resulted in a serious accident.

他的粗枝大葉導(dǎo)致了一場(chǎng)重大事故。

5. set off

If you can set him off on his pet subject, he will go on for hours.

如果你能引他談起他最得意的話題,他會(huì)一口氣扯上幾個(gè)鐘頭。

1.10.6. 有關(guān) come 的短語

1. come after 繼;跟著……來;來找;為追求……而來,來取。例如:

July comes after June.

六月以后是七月。

I came after the axe.

我來找斧子。

2. come along(= come on) 一起走;進(jìn)展;快點(diǎn)。例如:

Come along with us, if you like.

如果你喜歡就跟我們來。

How are you coming along with your preparation for the examination?

你考試的準(zhǔn)備做得怎樣了?

Come along, it’s nearly twelve o’clock.

趕快,快十二點(diǎn)了。

3. come at 到達(dá),襲擊。例如:

He came at me like a tiger.

他像老虎一般地向我沖過來。

4. come by 獲得;打旁邊過去

5. come down 下來;下跌;減少;流傳下來;敗落;生(病)

6. come into 進(jìn)入;參加;贊同;得到;繼承。例如:

The tree has come into blossom.

樹已開花。

7. come to 結(jié)果是;總計(jì)……,達(dá);蘇醒;復(fù)原。例如:

It comes to the same thing.

結(jié)果是一樣的。

The amounts you have spent will come to a large sum.

你所花去的錢將是一個(gè)大數(shù)目。

He has come to himself.

他已經(jīng)蘇醒過來了。

8. come in 進(jìn)來;有用;流行起來。例如:

The present style of dress came in about three years ago.

目前時(shí)興的這種服裝樣式是大約三年前開始的。

9. come out 出來;(花)開;出版。如:

I think the roses will come out next week.

我想這些玫瑰下個(gè)星期就會(huì)開花。

10. come up 走過來;走近;發(fā)芽;長(zhǎng)出。例如:

The seeds I sowed last week haven’t come up yet.

我上星期播下的種子還沒有發(fā)芽呢!

11. come on/upon = come across(偶然)遇見

1.10.7. 有關(guān)“看待”的幾種常見表達(dá)法

1. consider… (as)… 認(rèn)為……是。例如:

Most people considered him a fool.

多數(shù)人認(rèn)為他是傻瓜。

2. treat… as… 將……當(dāng)作……來看待。例如:

They should not be treated only as amusements.

不能把它們單純看成是娛樂。

3. regard…as… 把……看成……。例如:

Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents.

今天,亞伯拉罕•林肯仍被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一。

4. look on/upon… as… 把……看成……。例如:

They looked upon him as a leader.

他們視他為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

5. think of… as… 把……認(rèn)為是……。例如:

The general thought of himself as a common soldier.

那位將軍把他自己看成一普通士兵。

6. take… as認(rèn)為。例如:

We took the problem as settled.

我們認(rèn)為問題已經(jīng)解決了。

7. see… as 把……看作……。例如:

I simply can’t see him as a cheat.

我實(shí)在不能想象他可能是個(gè)騙子。

類似表示“看待”的搭配還有:

refer to… as 把……稱為……;accept… as 接受……為……

use…as 把……用作……;look up to sb. as 把某人尊為……

remember… as 把……作為……懷念;count… as 認(rèn)為

1.10.8. 表示“處理”的幾種表達(dá)法

1. do with:其中 do 是及物動(dòng)詞。例如:

In some places, people do little with the smoke.

在一些地方人們幾乎沒怎么處理那些煙塵。

上句就 little 提問則有:What do people do with the smoke in some places? 所以,實(shí)際上表示“處理”的是 do sth. with。

2. deal with 表“處理”時(shí),deal 為不及物動(dòng)詞。deal with 還可表示“對(duì)付;交往;談?wù)?交易”。例如:

He has dealt with the problem well.

他已經(jīng)把這個(gè)問題處理好了。

上句就 well 提問則有:How has he dealt with the problem? 他是怎樣處理問題的?

3. settle 表示“處理”,有“最后的決定或裁決”之意。

The question/problem is finally settled.

問題最終解決了。

4. treat 表示“處理”主要指醫(yī)生的“治療”。例如:

Which doctor is treating your disease?

哪位大夫給你治病?

5. manage 表示“處理”具體事情。有“對(duì)付”和“設(shè)法做好”之意。例如:

She manages the money very well.

她將錢用得很妥當(dāng)。


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