【摘要】“英語閱讀理推理引申題解題方法”閱讀的目的不僅在于讀懂原文字面上的意義，還要求在理解原文觀點的基礎(chǔ)上，領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意。希望下文給大家?guī)韼椭?/p>
推理是要求考生在閱讀過程中溝通外現(xiàn)的和內(nèi)涵的、已述的和未述的含義，以文章提供的事實為依據(jù)，經(jīng)過分析、思考形成這樣或那樣的觀點;要求考生在通篇理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上去領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意，并對作者的態(tài)度、觀點、寫作目的意圖、文章的寓意等作出正確的推理判斷。引申要求考生在理解文章主題思想、作者的態(tài)度傾向、觀點意圖、情節(jié)發(fā)展等的前提下，作出合乎邏輯的引申。這類題要求我們由“已知的”去推斷“未知的”，屬于一種深層次的理解。
推理引申題題干中常常含有infer，imply, suggest，conclude, learn，tone, attitude, intend， purpose 等一類的詞。常見的提問形式有：
The purpose of the passage is to … …
It can be inferred from the passage that …
We may infer that…..
When the writer talks about …., what the writer really means is …
The author suggests that….
The story implies that….
The writer’s attitude towards ….is ….
From the passage we can conclude that….
The passage is intended to ….
In the author’s opinion, …….
The purpose of writing this passage is … …
It can be concluded that… ….
Which point of view may the author agree to ?
了解了這一類題的特點和命題形式，我們還要注意正確的答題方法：在閱讀時要抓住文章的主題和細節(jié)，分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，推斷文章的深層含義。對于隱含在字里行間或者流露于文章修飾詞語中的人物的行為動機、事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、態(tài)度、觀點、意圖等要依據(jù)文章的主題思想進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。命題者在出推理類題時往往編造一些文中已言明的事實、超出文章范圍的推理、過度發(fā)揮的引申等來作為干擾項考查考生的邏輯思維能力。因此，特別注意：文中已明確說明的內(nèi)容不需要推理，推理以原文中心為依據(jù)，引申要適度。對于涉及作者觀點和態(tài)度一類題時，不要把自己的態(tài)度摻入其中，還要注意區(qū)分作者的觀點態(tài)度和作者引用別人的觀點態(tài)度，當(dāng)作者沒有明確表示態(tài)度時，要學(xué)會根據(jù)作者使用詞語的褒貶性去判斷。常用的褒義詞有：positive, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring, great, wonderful, beautiful, fantastic;常用的貶義詞有: disgusting, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointed, awful; 常用的表中性的詞有：indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent(矛盾的), neutral, apathetic(無動于衷的), humor, disinterested.
看看下面的例題：(05 重慶卷 A 篇)
My parents were in a huge argument, and I was really upset about it . I didn’t know who I should talk with about how I was feeling. So I asked Mom to allow me to stay the night at my best friend’s house. Though I knew I wouldn’t tell her about my parents’ situation, I was looking forward to getting out of the house. I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the power went out in the neighborhood. Mom came to tell me that I should stay with my grandpa until the power came back on.
I was really disappointed because I felt that we did not have much to talk about. But I knew he would be frightened alone in the dark. I went to his room and told him that I’d stay with him until the power was restored. He was quite happy and said: “Great opportunity.”
“What is?” I asked.
“To talk , you and I ,” he said .” To hold a private little meeting about what we’re going to do with your mom and dad , and what we’re going to do with ourselves now that we’re in the situation we are in .”
“But we can’t do anything about it , Grandpa,” I said , surprised that here was someone with whom I could share my feelings and someone who was in the same “boat” as I was .
And that’s how the most unbelievable friendship between my grandfather and me started. Sitting there in the dark, we talked about our feelings and fears of life—from how fast things change, to how they sometimes don’t change fast enough. That night, because the power went out , I found a new friend, with whom I could safely talk about all my fears and pains, whatever they may be.
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