高中英語定語從句復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高中英語 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

【摘要】“高中英語定語從句復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)”本文為大家?guī)砀咧杏⒄Z知識相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望可以給大家?guī)韼椭?/p>

(一)定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)

1、關(guān)系代詞:who, whom, whose, which, that, as

2、關(guān)系副詞:when, where, why

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用, 同時在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。

e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語)

The comrade with whom I came knows French.(whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語)

3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法:1)當(dāng)先行詞為人時用who 作主語,whom作賓語;2)當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個句子時用which ,可作主語或賓語;3)先行詞為人、物時用that ,可作主語或賓語;4)whose用作定語,可指人或物;5)關(guān)系副詞when(指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語,where(指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語),why(指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語)。

(二)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句

1、限制性定語從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。

e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.(去掉定語從句,意思就不完整)

2、非限制性定語從句:從句對先行詞關(guān)系不密切,去掉定從句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開,不能that用引導(dǎo)。

e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯)

(三)使用定語從句時特別注意的幾個問題

1、that與which的區(qū)別。

1)用that而不用 which的情況:①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …;②先行詞有最高級修飾,有序數(shù)詞修飾;③先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾;④先行詞既有人又有物時。

e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。

This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。

Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識的唯一的外國人。

2)用which而不用 that的情況:①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;②代表整個主句的意思;③介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。

e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。

This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。

3)as引導(dǎo)定語從句時的用法

①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于the same … as, such … as結(jié)構(gòu)中。

e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。

Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國制造的。

②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型:as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預(yù)料的那樣,他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。

3)as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時與which的區(qū)別

①當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時,用as;反之,用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.

He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

②當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時,常用which引導(dǎo)。

e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.

2. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。

e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個人英語說得很流利。

The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

3. 定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞,中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。


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