【摘要】“英語(yǔ)說明文閱讀方法”說明文用平實(shí)的語(yǔ)言客觀地解釋或探討各種問題，希望小編為大家整理的以下內(nèi)容能夠?yàn)榇蠹規(guī)韼椭?/p>
說明文用平實(shí)的語(yǔ)言客觀地解釋或探討各種問題，如機(jī)器的制造過程、自然或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因、工程項(xiàng)目的規(guī)劃或問題的解決方案等等，介紹自然科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的最新成果，社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中出現(xiàn)的新生事物等等。說明事物可采用多種方式：例如舉例、分類法或類比、對(duì)比法，給事物下定義或分析事物產(chǎn)生的原因以及后果。舉例說明文使用例子說明事物闡明觀點(diǎn);分解展開法著重于事物的區(qū)別、差異，分類展開法則強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的相似之處;類比說明事物如何相似，對(duì)比說明事物如何不同;因果說明文表明事物發(fā)生的原因及結(jié)果。除了用文字說明以外，說明文中常常使用數(shù)據(jù)、圖片等資料。
無論采用什么說明方法，作者都是為了說明事物的本質(zhì)特征、清晰地展現(xiàn)所說明的事物。
因此，閱讀說明文的關(guān)鍵是：抓住事物的特點(diǎn)，即抓住說明對(duì)象的本質(zhì)特征。
下面具體看看兩篇說明文。
(05 重慶卷 B 段)
Reading is very important to help you learn English. To learn as much as you can from reading, you need to read different kinds of English. This book provides not only different kinds of English but also a good way to check your reading ability.
There are four parts in the book:
Part 1 is Messages: In this part somebody wants to send information in writing to somebody else.
There is a test on timetables and a test on text messages.
Part 2 is People: In this part all the tests are about people. For example, there is an informal letter between friends. There is formal (正式的) English in biography (傳記) . There is a job application as a model to help with your writing, as well as testing your reading.
Part 3 is Places: In this part, too. Many different kinds of English are shown, some informal and some formal. There is the informal English of a holiday postcarD.There is also the formal English in a letter of complaint.
Part 4 is Things: You will find some descriptive writing in this part. There are descriptions of clothes and of a computer.
You can do these tests in any order you like, or you can do all the tests with a formal or informal text.
I enjoyed writing this book and I hope you enjoy using it.
解析：這篇文章使用淺顯平實(shí)的語(yǔ)言詳細(xì)介紹了這本書的4個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容。說明的重點(diǎn)在書的內(nèi)容，這本書的特征體現(xiàn)在它的內(nèi)容。抓住了這一特點(diǎn)，也就讀懂了這篇文章，再來做理解題，就容易多了�？纯聪嚓P(guān)的理解題：
59.We can find the introduction to a product in .
A.Part 1 B.Part 2 C.Part 3 D.Part 4
60.Which of the following is most probably written in informal English?
A.A letter of complaint. B.A computer handbook.
C.A letter to a frienD. D.A story of a president.
61.The passage is most probably written for .
A.test designers B.students C.test-takers D.teachers
62.What is the best title of the book?
A.Test Your Reading B.Help with Your Writing
C.Learn Different Kinds of English D.Practise English in Different Ways
(參考答案：DCBA)
(05 山東卷 E篇)
A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.
The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%--40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.
Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband.The device, worn by drivers or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盤). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver’s response.
Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the markets will bring the product to market within about a year.
解析：這篇文章說明Driver Alert這一駕駛員警報(bào)裝置。抓住了它的工作原理、功能作用就抓住了它的本質(zhì)特點(diǎn)。3、4、5自然段是理解的重點(diǎn)：開車時(shí)駕駛員腕帶上的警報(bào)會(huì)每隔4分鐘發(fā)出聲音，駕駛員聽到聲音按壓方向盤作出反應(yīng)。傳感器會(huì)探測(cè)到從聽到聲音到作出反應(yīng)之間的時(shí)間差，如果這個(gè)時(shí)間差大于500毫秒，說明駕駛員疲勞打瞌睡。了解了這個(gè)裝置的特點(diǎn)，就讀懂了這篇文章�？纯蠢斫忸}：
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