作為基本技能之一的“聽力”，在高考中具有不可忽視的地位。
考點(diǎn)二: 職業(yè)身份類
考例: Who is the woman most probably speaking to?
A. a railway porter B. a taxi driver C. a postal clerk
聽力原文: W: Excuse me, sir. I’m going to send this parcel to London. What’s the postage for it?
M: Let me see. It’s one pound and fifty pence.
解析: 根據(jù)parcel (郵包) 和 postage(郵資) 等關(guān)鍵詞可以判斷, 這位女士是在跟一名郵局職員講話。答案是C。
該題型經(jīng)常提供一個(gè)情節(jié)，反映所涉及人物的關(guān)系或身份。在高考試題中, 常見的職業(yè)類型有:警察、醫(yī)生、司機(jī)、工作人員、作家、經(jīng)理、教師、學(xué)生等。常見的提問形式有: 1. What’s the woman’s job? / 2. What’s the profession of the man? / 3. Who is the woman most probably speaking to? / 4. Who is the speaker? / 5. What is his / her job? / 6. What does he / she do?
關(guān)鍵詞 Teacher / Student: class, exam, homework, part-time / full time job.
Salesman: price, on sale, try on.
Reporter: news, report.
Doctor / nurse: medicine, operation
考點(diǎn)三: 因果關(guān)系類
考例: Why was Susan late for work? (2007全國(guó)卷I)
A. She missed the bus. B. Her train was late. C. Her car broke down.
聽力原文：M: You are lucky. I was 10 minutes late.
W: What happened
M: All the buses came late.
W: What did Susan say?
M: She was late too.
W: What happened to her?
M: She took the train, and it was late too.
解析: 根據(jù)“She took the train, and it was late too.” 就可以可以直接得出答案。
因果關(guān)系類主要對(duì)原因進(jìn)行提問, 常與文中表示原因的句子形成因果關(guān)系。因此要注意because, for, since, as, so that等引導(dǎo)的句子或短語。
考點(diǎn)四: 主旨大意題類
考例: What are the speakers talking about? (2008閩、蘇、皖、贛卷)
A. A way to improve air quality. B.A problem with traffic miles.
C. A suggestion for city planning.
聽力原文：M: Air pollution is so bad in this city. I think the government should stop people from driving cars on certain days.
W: You have a point. Air pollution is a problem, but not letting people drive on certain days is a bad idea. People have to go to work by car.
M: I’m afraid I don’t agree with you there. Reducing air pollution is really important. People are so used to driving that they don’t think about ways to do things. If we stop them from driving on certain days, maybe they could think of new ways to get around.
W: I see your point, but I still think it wouldn’t be possible to stop people from driving.
解析: 該段對(duì)話是圍繞一個(gè)中心 “I think the government should stop people from driving cars on certain days.”展開的。
對(duì)這種類型題, 抓住短文的前兩句話往往特別重要, 因?yàn)榍皟删湓捦侵黝}句, 即使不是主題句, 也對(duì)理解全文有重要的意義。例如: Last Friday，a storm to re through two villages in Fujian Province，14 people were killed. 這句話是一篇新聞的開頭，很明顯是主題句，介紹了新聞的中心內(nèi)容，下面則應(yīng)是對(duì)風(fēng)暴情況的具體敘述。
這類試題要求我們對(duì)聽到的內(nèi)容有一個(gè)整體的把握和全面的領(lǐng)會(huì), 抓住說話者究竟在說什么。任何一段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白都是圍繞一個(gè)中心展開的,有時(shí)主旨大意較明顯, 有時(shí)則需要?dú)w納、概括。常見的提問方式有: What are the speakers mainly discussing? / What’s the passage mainly about? / What’s the topic of the passage? / What are the two speakers doing? / What is the dialogue / conversation about?為了把握所聽內(nèi)容的主旨要義, 要從說話人的語氣上體會(huì)主旨大意,抓住關(guān)鍵詞, 對(duì)語段進(jìn)行整體理解。而不應(yīng)糾纏在某些小細(xì)節(jié)上, 這樣往往會(huì)造成以偏概全。
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