高一英語語法之倒裝句講解

編輯: 逍遙路 關鍵詞: 高中英語 來源: 高中學習網(wǎng)

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高一英語語法之倒裝句講解

倒裝句分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝

1 倒裝句之全部倒裝

全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結構通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見的結構有:

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示來去或狀態(tài)的動詞。例如:

Then came the chairman. 那時總裁來了。

Here is your letter. 你的信。

2) 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首,謂語表示運動的動詞。例如:

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機肚底下竄出一枚導彈。

Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐著一個老嫗。

注意:上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如:

Here he comes. 他來了。

Away they went. 他們走開了。

2 倒裝句之部分倒裝

部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句子的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,則需添加助動詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語之前。

1. 句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如:

Never have I seen such a performance. 從未見過如此糟糕的表演。

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 無論如何你不會找到這個問題的答案的。

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母親一直到孩子入睡后離開房間。

當Not until引出主從復合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。注意: 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如:

I have never seen such a performance.

The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例題

1) Why can\'t I smoke here?

At no time___ in the meeting-room

A. is smoking permitted  B. smoking is permitted

C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit

答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當否定詞語置于句首以表示強調時,其句中的主謂須用倒裝結構。這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know  B. man know  C. didn\'t man know  D. did man know

答案D.  看到Not until…的句型,我們知道為一倒裝句,答案在C,D 中選一個。

改寫為正常語序為,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。

3 以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝

如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等,要倒裝。例如:

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他沒有收下禮物,還狠狠批評了送禮的人。

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛出門,就有個學生來訪。

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她剛出門,就有個學生來訪。

典型例題

No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game began      B. has the game begun

C. did the game begin    D. had the game begun

答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時,一般采用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

注意:只有當Not only… but also連接兩個分句時,才在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個并列詞語,不可用倒裝結構,如Not only you but also I am fond of music。


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