英語書面表達中多種句式的運用
在書面表達中,不同的思想內容要用不同的句式來表達;而同一思想內容也可以用不同的句式來表達。句式不同,表達效果也就不同。只有使用多種句式,文章才會生動有趣。如果過多地用簡單句,就會使人感到單調乏味。恰當?shù)厥褂媚承┓椒ɑ蚴侄危兄诒磉_形式的多樣化,可以增強表達效果。下面介紹幾種常用的方法。
一 . 句子開頭多樣化。許多同學習慣用表示人的名詞或代詞作為句子的主語開頭,如 people ,we ,I ,he ,they ,she 等。但這些詞作為句子開頭,用得多了,難免顯得單調。為了使文章更加生動活潑,除了用主語開頭外,還可以用句子的其他成分開頭。
1. 用狀語開頭。從詞性上看,作狀語的可以是副詞(短語),介詞短語,分詞短語或動詞不定式短語。
A. 用副詞(短語)開頭: Too often, he stays up reading until midnight.
B. 用介詞短語開頭: To me the news was very interesting, but to my wife very boring.
C. 用分詞短語開頭:
Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades, Manchester took flight for the Pacific islands.
D. 用不定式短語開頭: To pass the exam,you should work very hard.
2. 用同位語開頭: Air, water and food, everything is necessary for life.
3. 用表語開頭: Equally essential to the highest success in learning a language is intense interest plus persistent effort.
4. 用賓語開頭: My advice you would not listen to; my help you laughed at. Now you will have what you asked for.
二 . 巧用連接詞。有的學生在寫作中過多地使用 so,and ,then, but , or , however ,yet 等并列連詞,這樣做,可能會使句子結構松散、呆板。為了避免這種現(xiàn)象,我們應該靈活地運用從屬連接詞,如 who ,which ,that , because ,since ,although , after ,as ,before ,when , whenever , if ,unless ,as if 等。這樣做不僅可以使句式多樣化,而且還能夠把思想表達得更加清楚,句子的意思更加連貫。例如:
Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact.
這段文字由簡單句組成,它們之間內在的邏輯關系含糊不清,意義支離破碎。如果使用連接詞,將前后單句合并,形成主次關系,就能把一個比較復雜的內容和關系表達得比較清楚,而且使結構也更加嚴謹。如上句段文字可以改寫成:
It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, though it is unlikely to be true.
再如:
The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world, and in springtime it often overflows its banks, and the lives of many people are endangered.
此句用 and 把三個分句一貫到底,顯得乏味。如果把句子合并成復合句,語義就會更加連貫,語言也會更加流暢:
The Mississippi River,which is one of the longest rivers in the world, often overflows its banks in springtime, endangering the lives of many people.
三 . 長短句結合使用。長句和短句有各自的優(yōu)點和缺點。長句,因為使用的定語、狀語較多,限制了概念的外延,增加了概念的內涵,所以比較精確、嚴密,但用起來不夠活潑簡便。短句,由于詞數(shù)少,直截了當,一般比較簡潔、明快、有力,但不利于表達復雜的語義內容。在實際寫作中,最好長短句結合使用。例如:
。 1 ) We can imagine the beautiful surroundings. ( 2 ) There are many trees along the streets. ( 3 ) There is a clean river in the city. ( 4 ) There are many fish in the river. ( 5 ) There are willow trees on one side. ( 6 ) There are some pieces of grassland on the other side. ( 7 ) There are many flowers on them.
文中 7 個句子都是簡單句,句子結構單一,而且句子長短大體相同,十分單調。下面是修改后的段落:
。 1 ) Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener. ( 2 ) Green trees line the streets. ( 3 ) A clean river, in which fish are abound, winds through the city. ( 4 ) On one side stand rows of willow trees. ( 5 ) On the other side lies a stretch of grass with many yellow and red flowers.
改寫后的這段文字,有長句( 1 )、( 3 )、( 5 ),也有短句( 2 )和( 4 ),文章中不僅長短句結合,而且句式也有變化,這樣使文章流暢自然,生動活潑。
總之,英語句式的變化是多種多樣的,只要從要表達的內容出發(fā),合理選用各種句式,就能寫出很好的文章。
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