一、處理長難句的原則方法
　　如果待處理的長難句為一個(gè)復(fù)雜的單句，可這樣處理：跳讀修飾成分，迅速找出主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。這樣一來，我們便可以將長句化為短句，將難句化為易句。具體步驟是：先跳讀修飾成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意義；然后再分段理解修飾成分或附加成分。
　　如果待處理的長難句為一個(gè)復(fù)雜的并列句，可這樣處理：先找出其中的并列連詞，然后再根據(jù)并列連詞的意思理清句子前后是順連關(guān)系還是反連關(guān)系，是因果關(guān)系還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等，最后再根據(jù)不同的語境關(guān)系正確理解句意。
　　如果待處理的長難句為一個(gè)復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句，可這樣處理：先分清主句與從句，然后弄清從句的性質(zhì)，即弄清它是什么從句——名詞性從句，還是狀語從句，或是定語從句。注意，弄清從句性質(zhì)對于理解復(fù)合句的意思至關(guān)重要。
　　另外，有一點(diǎn)要提醒同學(xué)們，在處理長難句時(shí)，如果既能正確理解句意，又能將其準(zhǔn)確地譯成中文，那是最好了。但是，對于有些長難句，要在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)（如在參加考試時(shí)）將其譯成中文比較困難，此時(shí)只要能正確理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉為其難地譯成中文，不僅會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，而且在許多情況也沒有必要。
　　二、經(jīng)典高考真題實(shí)例分析
　　下面這篇文章共有194個(gè)單詞，卻只有9個(gè)句子，平均每個(gè)句子大約有22個(gè)單詞，是近幾年高考英語閱讀理解中一篇比較典型的集中含有長難句的文章。文章內(nèi)容如下：
　　Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海軍上將) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
　　Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.
　　The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.
　　On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利領(lǐng)土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.

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