高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型的分值要占高考英語(yǔ)總分的40/150，是所有題型中占分比例最大的一道題。閱讀理解能否得高分，是成績(jī)好壞的關(guān)鍵。閱讀理解題的考查主要是從兩個(gè)方面測(cè)試考生的理解能力。
1. 客觀理解：即對(duì)所給材料中具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解。
2. 主觀理解：即通過閱讀短文，對(duì)文中主旨、主題、中心思想和作者意圖、態(tài)度及語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系等深層意義上的理解，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行推理和判斷。
錯(cuò)題攻略
易錯(cuò)題型一 歸納概括主題
典例1 （2007年廣東卷）Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A. How to Live Truthfully
B. Importance of Peacefulness
C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect
D. Happiness through Honorable Actions
【命題意圖】 歸納概括中心主旨的題目是高考必考題目，考查考生通過理解、總結(jié)、歸納，找出文章中心意思的能力。
【解題思路】 正確答案為D。做這類試題要求考生不僅要區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息，跳出一詞一句，俯瞰全文，找出主題句（一般來(lái)說(shuō)在文章的句首與句尾），而且要善于概括文章的中心思想（通常是一個(gè)完整的句子，能全面準(zhǔn)確地概括文章的中心主旨）。通常最佳題目可以是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)詞組，它不僅能概括文章的中心主旨，還有吸引讀者、引發(fā)閱讀興趣的任務(wù)。
【失分警示】 解答此類閱讀理解題時(shí)，考生一定要注意運(yùn)用找主題句的閱讀方法，留意文章句首和句尾的主題句。如文章中沒有主題句，則要把所有的細(xì)節(jié)綜合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納出文章的中心大意。
易錯(cuò)題型二 邏輯推理判斷
典例2 （2007年浙江卷）What do we learn from this text?
A. What ones says reflects how one feels.
B. Aphasics have richer feelings than others.
C. Normal people often tell lies in their speeches.
D. People poor at one thing can be good at another.
【命題意圖】 考試說(shuō)明中關(guān)于高考閱讀理解能力測(cè)試的第四點(diǎn)要求是：能理解某句某段的意義，并能把握全篇文脈，即句與句、段與段的關(guān)系，并能據(jù)此進(jìn)行推理和判斷。
【解題思路】 正確答案為D。這類考題旨在測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，即根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，了解完整的信息，才能準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。
在進(jìn)行推理、判斷時(shí)，考生一定要依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或作者觀點(diǎn)，切忌主觀臆斷，切忌以自己的觀點(diǎn)看法取代作者的原意。
【失分警示】 解答此類閱讀理解題時(shí)，考生不僅要了解文章的大意，吃透文章的精神，摸清文中的細(xì)節(jié)，更要對(duì)文章進(jìn)行必要的歸納，領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的意圖，并進(jìn)行合理的常識(shí)性推斷及邏輯推理。
易錯(cuò)題型三 領(lǐng)悟文章的隱含意義
典例3 （2007年浙江卷）From the dialogue between the boy and his mother, we learn that the mother was _______.
A. excited B. interested
C. ashamed D. disappointed
【命題意圖】 考試說(shuō)明中關(guān)于高考閱讀理解能力測(cè)試的第三點(diǎn)要求是：既理解字面意思，也理解深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度，意圖等。 即作者沒有鮮明地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，而將其隱含在字里行間，流露于修辭手法之中。
【解題思路】 正確答案為D。這類考題要求考生對(duì)于作者沒有明確說(shuō)明的寫作目的、立場(chǎng)態(tài)度、思想傾向等作出合理的推斷。這種言外之意，弦外之音要求考生有鑼鼓聽音的敏銳感覺，合理推斷的思維品質(zhì)。
【失分警示】 解答此類閱讀理解題時(shí)，考生要透過文章字面意思領(lǐng)悟其隱含意義和深層意義，這就需要仔細(xì)地閱讀和認(rèn)真地思考，在通篇理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意。
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí)
�。ǘ〞r(shí)：30mins，每小題2分，共40分，得分：_____分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Lifeguard, sportscaster, movie star, governor, president——there wasnt much Ronald Reagan didnt do in life.
The world was a vast opportunity for him, Lou Cannon wrote in his biography（傳記） of the former US president, who died on June 5, aged 93.
Reagans final years saw him fight a losing battle against Alzheimers disease（老年癡呆癥）. But his positive attitude toward life has given hope to many people.
Born in 1911 to a poor family in a small town in Illinois, his father was a failed salesman who drank too much. It was in these difficult times, though, that Reagan developed the powerful optimism（樂觀） that would serve him so well. He always believed better times laying ahead, and this was reflected in his high school yearbook entry. Life is one grand, sweet song, so start the music, he wrote.
As a teenager, Reagan spent summers working as a lifeguard at a local beach, saving 77 lives in seven years. He graduated from college in 1932 with a degree in economics and sociology. But America was still in the middle of the Great Depression, and jobs were hard to find. Reagan finally found work as a radio sports announcer and this road led him to Hollywood in 1937.
During the 20 year film career, he never became a leading star. As in his lifeguard days, Reagan loved to play the hero and only took the role of a bad guy once in more than 50 films.
A talented speaker who was always able to connect with his audience, Reagan became involved in politics in the 1950s. This popular touch led to him being elected the governor of California in 1967.
All the while Reagan was in California, he had his eye on the White House. In 1980, aged 69, he became the oldest man ever elected president.
He held office from 1981 to 1989, the first president to serve two complete terms after World War Ⅱ. When he left, aged 77, he held the highest popularity rate of any retiring president in US history.
He remained positive even when he discovered he had an illness that would destroy him. I will leave with the greatest love for this country of ours and eternal（永恒的） optimism for its future, he wrote.
1. Reagan can be best described as a man with ______.
A. firmness B. humour C. optimism D. talent
2. What didnt Reagan do in his life time?
A. Playing the role of a bad guy.
B. Being a leading star of the film.
C. Saving peoples lives.
D. Working as a radio sports announcer.
3. Which is the correct order of events described in the passage?
a. Reagan fought a losing battle against Alzheimers disease.
b. Reagan became an actor.
c. Reagan worked as a lifeguard.
d. Reagan graduated from college.
e. Reagan was elected the governor of California.
A. a, c, d, e ,b B. e, c, d, b, a
C. b, a, c, d, e D. c, d, b, e, a
4. When the author of Reagans biography says The world was a vast opportunity for him, he really means that _______.
A. Reagan achieved much in his whole life
B. Reagan could have done much better
C. Reagan did much for America and the world
D. Reagan was a very lucky man
B
His feet had touched the ground again, but South African Mike Melvills head was still high above the clouds.
Seeing the earth from the edge of space was an amazing experience, said the 63-year-old pilot It was more than a personal experience. Melvill and his rocket plane Space Ship One made history last Monday when it became the first private manned flight to reach space.
The spacecraft was carried by a jet until it reached a height of 14kilometers. Then it separated from the jet and continued its journey beyond the earths atmosphere. The craft reached space by traveling at three times the speed of sound.
On board, Mevill was able to see the earth. He also became weightless for about 3 minutes when the craft reached its highest altitude of 100 kilometers. He even opened a bag of colorful chocolate sweets to see if they would float around in the cockpit（駕駛員座艙） —— they did.
The successful flight brought the design team, led by famous American designer Burt Rutan, closer to winning the US10 million Ansari X Prize. The award will be given to the first privately funded（投資） spacecraft to send three people 100 kilometers above the earth. The spacecraft also has to land safely and repeat the achievement within two weeks.
This is to prove that the craft is reliable and has the ability to carry paying customers. The flight opens a new chapter in history, putting space within the reach of ordinary citizens, said Patti Smith, head of commercial space transportation at the US Federal Aviation Administration.
Its hoped that this flight is the first step toward space tourism. Members of the public could pay US$20,000-100,000 for the chance to fly high above the earths atmosphere, float in zero gravity and take in the sights of space.
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