At Dallas/ Fort Worth Airport, the lights are controlled by sensors that measure sunlight. They dim immediately when its sunny and brighten when a passing cloud blocks the sun.
A wall of windows at a University of Pennsylvania engineering building has built-in blinds(百葉窗) controlled by a computer program that follows the suns path.
Buildings are getting smarter－and the next generation of building materials is expected to
do even more.
Windows could catch the suns energy to heat water. Sensors that measure the carbon dioxide
breathed out by people in a room could determine whether the air conditioning needs to be turned up.
題目：What might be the most suitable title for the text?
A．Buildings Are Becoming Smarter B．Buildings Are Getting More Sunlight
C．Buildings Are Lacking in Much Energy D．Buildings Are Using Cheaper Materials
這是一篇結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰的說明文，先用兩個(gè)例子引出了說明的對象，第三段是很明顯的文章主旨句。那么同學(xué)們在讀文章時(shí)應(yīng)該讀出這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一篇 事物＋特點(diǎn)的文章，事物是building，特點(diǎn)是getting smarter。接下來又舉了很多例子，沒必要細(xì)讀，抓住大概列舉的對象就行。不管是把主題句揪出來，或是把握住文章結(jié)構(gòu)，都能很容易把這道題的答案A選出來。
第二個(gè)誤區(qū)，讀文章時(shí)斷章取義。這個(gè)誤區(qū)實(shí)際是對一個(gè)誤區(qū)的延伸，就是同學(xué)對文章缺乏大局觀，僅僅根據(jù)本段來理解本段。比如07年湖南卷有這樣一篇文章，后面有道題問的是段落主旨。我把其他段的大意翻譯出來，只留下一二兩段：
1.One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in a sea of technology rather than experiencing the natural world. Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will changes the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on childs play.
2.Each of us has a place in nature we go sometime, even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes. If the decline in parks use continues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment（蠶食）? asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods.
3.接近自然好處多。
4.不是孩子的錯(cuò)。
5.每個(gè)人都有責(zé)任來讓孩子重返自然。
題目：The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that___
A. kids are missing the sense of wonder outdoors
B. parks are in danger of being gradually encroached
C. Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the woods
D. children are expected to develop into protector of nature
這個(gè)題目正確答案是D，而很多考生誤選了A。糾其原因，就是根據(jù)本段理解本段，沒能體會這個(gè)段落在文章中的作用。這篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)很清晰，先講了一個(gè)現(xiàn)象（孩子脫離自然），然后表明了自己的態(tài)度，最后提出解決方案。好了，文章很明顯的是，第一段講了現(xiàn)象，第三段講了態(tài)度，第4.5段講解決方案。那問題就出來了，第二段它要干嗎，是做為第一段的延續(xù)把這個(gè)現(xiàn)象更一步描述呢，還是表明了作者的態(tài)度，并引出了第三段的闡述？這樣就能看出第2段文章的主旨了，它不是在描述現(xiàn)象，它是在講作者的態(tài)度，表明了作者對孩子脫離自然后果的擔(dān)憂；四個(gè)選項(xiàng)就只有D是最合適的，表明了作者的態(tài)度，孩子們應(yīng)該要成長成為大自然的保護(hù)者。
第三個(gè)誤區(qū)，深究生詞和難句。高考考綱規(guī)定高考閱讀中超綱詞可占3％－5％，同學(xué)們背綱內(nèi)詞也會有盲點(diǎn)，在加上英語當(dāng)中有很多抽象的詞匯不好理解，我們在考試中遇到不理解的詞的情況時(shí)有發(fā)生。有些詞不影響我們對文章結(jié)構(gòu)的把握，細(xì)節(jié)題也沒有考到，這樣的詞可以勇敢的跳過，在考場上沒必要花時(shí)間去仔細(xì)琢磨。句子也是一樣，我們關(guān)注的只是跟主旨相關(guān)的，以及后面題目考到的那些句子。于是就有這樣一種情況，這個(gè)詞這個(gè)句子考到了我又不理解那怎么辦。我們看一道06湖南高考的真題：
題目：According to the passage, Susan Sontag____.
A. was a sensualist as well as a moralist B. looked down upon the pop culture
C. thought content was more important than form
D. blamed the victim of cancer for being repressed
這是一道分散定位的題，答案是A。文章當(dāng)中根據(jù)sensualist 和 moralist定位可以找到這樣一句話：
By conviction (信念) she was a sensualist (感覺論者), but by nature she was a moralist (倫理學(xué)者), and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s, it was the latter side of her that came forward.
這句話很抽象，尤其第一個(gè)and前的部分，即使翻譯成中文從信念上說，她是一個(gè)感覺論者，但是從本質(zhì)上說她是一個(gè)倫理學(xué)者，可能你都還是不知道這要表達(dá)什么意思。于是有些同學(xué)會仔細(xì)琢磨這句話反復(fù)的去琢磨這句話的精深含義，其實(shí)僅從字面上把握對于做題已經(jīng)足夠了。能理解到她一方面是什么人，另一方面又是什么人，而作品中體現(xiàn)了后面一種人的特點(diǎn)，就能選出正確答案A。高考英語閱讀有這個(gè)特點(diǎn)，越是文字難度大的文章，后面的題就越友好，往往通過定位，稍微把握一下句子的意思就可以把題選對，甚至選項(xiàng)直接照搬原文細(xì)節(jié)；而在文字難度相對小的文章，正確答案一般都得對原文細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行改寫，這樣就在考你是否對該細(xì)節(jié)有較深入的理解了。
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