定義：
直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號(hào)。
例：He said:" It is too late."
間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，多數(shù)以賓語(yǔ)從句的形式構(gòu)成。
例：He said it was too late.
直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換：
一、人稱代詞的變化：
直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱代詞的變化一般規(guī)律是：
第一人稱→第三人稱；
第二人稱→第一人稱；
第三人稱→第三人稱。
簡(jiǎn)記為“二一、一三、三留”。
例："I'm thinking of changing my address." he said.
→ He said that he was thinking of changing his address.（I和he指同一個(gè)人）
Xiao Ming asked me, "Are you going to the park with us?"
→ Xiao Ming asked me if I wasgoing to the park with them.（us與them指相同的人，XiaoMing是其中的一員；me和you指同一個(gè)人）
Mr. Li said, "She will attend the meeting."
→ Mr. Li saidthatshewouldattendthemeeting.（Mr. Li和she不是同一個(gè)人） 但當(dāng)說(shuō)話者是第一人稱，直接引語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)也是第一人稱時(shí)，不作變化。
I said to my children, "I will give you some presents on Christmas Day."
→ I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day. （I為同一說(shuō)話者）
二、時(shí)態(tài)的變化：
直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律是往“過(guò)去”相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)推移：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過(guò)去時(shí)，
一般將來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)，
一般過(guò)去時(shí)/過(guò)去完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
如：My father told me, "He will come back next week."
→ My father told me that he would come back the next week.
She asked me, "Did you finish your homework?"
→ She asked me if I had finished my homework.
注意：直接引語(yǔ)屬下列情況時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不作變化：
1、直接引語(yǔ)屬真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)：
如：The teacher said to us, "Light runs much faster than sound."
→ The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound.
2、主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)：
如：The old man often says, "I joined the Red Army when I was young."
→ The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young.
3、直接引語(yǔ)帶有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)：
如：The politics teacher said to us, "The party was founded in 1921."
→ The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921.
4、直接引語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：had better，would rather及need，must，oughtto等時(shí)：
如：He said to me, "I would rather live in the countryside."
→ He told me that he would rather live in the countryside.
5、直接引語(yǔ)為虛擬語(yǔ)氣謂語(yǔ)時(shí) e.g.Shesaid,"IwouldbehappyifIwereabird."→ Shesaidthatshewouldbehappyifshewereabird.
三、句型的變化：
直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，句型要作適當(dāng)變化：
1、變陳述句為由that引導(dǎo)的從句（that常省略）：
如："I want to improve my English at school," said the child.
→ The child said(that) he wanted to improve his English at school.
2、變一般疑問(wèn)句為由if/whether引導(dǎo)的從句：
如："Are you sure he will come today?"Jenny asked Helen.
→ Jenny asked Helen if/whether she was sure he would come that day.
3、變選擇疑問(wèn)句為由whether...or.../whether...or not引導(dǎo)的從句：
如："Is he a director or an actor?" she asked me.
→ She asked me whether he was a director or an actor.
4、變反意問(wèn)句時(shí)，要視說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣而定：
（1）表示疑問(wèn)時(shí)，先需去掉后面的反意問(wèn)句部分，再按一般疑問(wèn)句變化。
如："You haven't finished your composition, have you?" the teacher said to me.
→ The teacher asked me if I had finished my composition.
（2）表示提醒或警告等特別語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，先按陳述句變化，再把間接引語(yǔ)前的動(dòng)詞更換為表示相應(yīng)語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞remind，warn等。
如："You're late for class, aren't you?" the teacher said angrily to me.
→ The teacher warned me that I was late for class.
5、變特殊疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句為原特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的從句：
如："When did you come here?" Tom asked Jim.
→ Tom asked Jim when he had gone there.
6、變祈使句為不定式短語(yǔ)，作動(dòng)詞ask，tell，order，beg，request，advise，offer，warn等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)為說(shuō)話者的對(duì)象，選什么動(dòng)詞，視情況而定：
如：The doctor said to the patient, "Don't eat oily food again."
→ The doctor advised the patient not to eat oily food again.
7、變感嘆句為how或what引出的從句，也可用that引出從句：
如："How clever a boy he is." the teacher said to the mother.
→ The teacher told the mother how clever a boy he was.
或：The teacher told the mother that he was clever boy.
8、直接引語(yǔ)是多個(gè)句子時(shí)，按其句型特點(diǎn)，用上面的方法分別處理，并用and連接：
如：Mrs. Smith said, "I don't know the way to the station. How can I get there?"
→ Mrs. Smith said that she didn't know the way to the station and asked me how she could get there.
9、若直接引語(yǔ)是What's the matter?/What has happened?/What's wrong with...? 時(shí)，變成間接引語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序不變：
如："What's the matter?" said he.
→ He asked me what was the matter.
直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化對(duì)比：
| 直接引語(yǔ) | 間接引語(yǔ) |
| this, these | that, those |
| here | there |
| now | then |
| today,tonight | that day,that night |
| this evening | that evening |
| last week | the week before |
| tomorrow | the next/following day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| next week/month/year | the next week/month/ year |
| ago | before |
| come | go |
如：John said just now, "I came here yesterday."
→John said just now that he came here yesterday.
本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.yy-art.cn/gaozhong/337251.html
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