現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)歸納

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)


 一、考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法之一“過(guò)影現(xiàn)”
  
  “過(guò)影現(xiàn)”表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。此時(shí),常與時(shí)間副詞already(已經(jīng)),yet(還;已經(jīng)),just(剛剛;僅僅),ever(曾經(jīng)),never(從不),before(以前)等連用。注意:already常用于肯定句中,yet用在疑問(wèn)句中意為“已經(jīng)”,用在否定句中意為“還”。如:
  
  She has lost her bike.她把自行車丟了。(“丟”這個(gè)動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“她現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有自行車騎了”。)
  
  I’ve already read this book.我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)這本書(shū)了。(“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是“我已知道書(shū)中的內(nèi)容”。)
  
  【中考題例】
  
  1. Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she____the film.(2013年湖州卷)
  
  A. sees
  
  B.saw
  
  C. will see
  
  D. has seen
  
  2.- Have you finished your homework?
  
  ____.Just half of it.How about you?(2013年蘇州卷)
  
  A. Not at all
  
  B. Not likely
  
  C.Not a bit
  
  D. Not yet
  
  3.- Your shoes are so old Why don’t you buy a new pair?
  
  - Because I____all my money on an MP5.(2013年廣東卷)
  
  A.spend
  
  B.have spent
  
  C. am spending
  
  D.was spending
  
  二、考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法之二“過(guò)延現(xiàn)”
  
  “過(guò)延現(xiàn)”表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),甚至還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。常與for或slnce引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:live,study,work,be,wait,know,stay,teach,keep,walk,sleep等。注意:for為介詞,后面要接“一段時(shí)間”;smce用作介詞時(shí),后面接“過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”;since用作連詞時(shí),后面接“從句”(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí))。另外,SO far(至今),up to now(到目前為止)也常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。如:
  
  Mr. Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.自從王先生到這個(gè)城市以來(lái),他就在這家工廠工作。
  
  So far, she has learnt about two thousand English words.到目前為止,她已經(jīng)學(xué)了大約2000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
  
  The baby has slept for three hours.孩子已睡三個(gè)小時(shí)了。
  
  溫馨提醒:非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示某一瞬間就結(jié)束的動(dòng)作,常見(jiàn)的有:come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, open, leave,begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up, become, borrow,lend.find,finish,receive等。這些動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),說(shuō)明某個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果還存在,但不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)如how long,for,since連用?蓪⑺鼈冝D(zhuǎn)換為表示延續(xù)狀態(tài)的詞,如:buy-have , borrow/ lend-keep, join-be in/be a member of,die-be dead,leave-be away(from),begin-be on等。試體會(huì)下列例句:
  
  A他人團(tuán)兩年了。
  
  誤:He has joined the League for two years.
  
  正:He has been a League member for two years.
  
  A我買這輛自行車三年了。
  
  誤:I have bought this bike for three years.
  
  正:I have had this bike for three years.
  
  A他離開(kāi)家五天了。
  
  誤:He-left home for five days.
  
  正:He has been away from home for five days.
  
  【中考題例】
  
  4. My uncle has been taught in this school____he wastwenty years old. (2013年鞍山卷)
  
  A. since
  
  B.for
  
  C.until
  
  D.after
  
  5.-Look at these stamps.I____them for five years.
  
  -Wow, they are wonderful.(2013年衡陽(yáng)卷)
  
  A. kept
  
  B.have kept
  
  C.have bought
  
  6.He____Luzhou for three months. (2013年瀘州卷)
  
  A. has left
  
  B.has come to
  
  C. has gone to
  
  D.has been away from
  
  7.-How long has Robert____?
  
  -Since 2004. (2013年濟(jì)南卷)
  
  A. been to Beijing
  
  B.become a policeman
  
  C. joined the art club
  
  D.studied in this school
  
  三、考查have/has gone to,have/has been to與have/hasbeen in的區(qū)別
  
  have/has been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”,現(xiàn)在人已經(jīng)不在那兒了;have/has gone to表示“已去了某地”,說(shuō)話時(shí),該人已不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),可能在去某地的途中,也可能已經(jīng)到達(dá)目的地,一般不用第一、二人稱作主語(yǔ)。注意:后接地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí),介詞to要省略;have beenin表示“某人在某地”,去了某個(gè)地方或來(lái)到了某個(gè)地方多久。
  
  【中考題例】
  
  8.-1s Tom at home?
  
  -No, he___to town. (2013年天津卷)
  
  A. has been
  
  B.has gone
  
  C.goes
  
  D.will go
  
  9. A number of tourists
  
  .Yangzhou many timesbecause it is,such a beautiful city.(2013年揚(yáng)州卷)
  
  A. have been to
  
  B.has been to
  
  C. has gone to
  
  D.have gone to
  
  10.-Jack,I haven’t seen your uncle for a lortg time.
  
  -He________Shanghai on business for two months.(2013年隨州卷)
  
  A. went tO
  
  B.has gone to
  
  C. has been in
  
  D.has been to
  
  四、考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
  
  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)都可以表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但二者的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也可表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。常與表示過(guò)去的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如:yesterday,last year,in1998,three years ago等。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,以及過(guò)去已開(kāi)始并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,與現(xiàn)在有著密切的關(guān)系,不能與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
  
  【中考題例】
  
  11. - Anna, have you____seen China’s Got Talent(達(dá)人秀)?
  
  -Of course.I
  
  it last weekend.(2013年成寧卷)
  
  A. never;saw
  
  B.ever;have seen
  
  C. never;have seen[)。ever;saw
  
  12.- Have you had your breakfast yet?
  
  -Yes. Mom_
  
  it for me.(2013年江西卷)
  
  A. was cooking
  
  B.is cooking
  
  C.will cook
  
  D.cooked
  
  Key: 1~5 DDBAB
  
  6—10 DDBAC
  
  11~12 DD


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