高中英語知識點:全部倒裝

編輯: 逍遙路 關鍵詞: 高中英語 來源: 高中學習網(wǎng)

全部倒裝的概念:


倒裝英語句子的主語通常位于謂語動詞之前,這種語序被稱為正常語序。但有時出于修辭或某種特殊的語法結構的需要,需要將謂語動詞放在主語之前,這種語序則叫倒裝語序。主語和謂語完全倒置叫完全倒裝。



完全倒裝完全倒裝的基本形式是“謂語+主語”,主要見于以下情況:


1、here和there位于句首時的倒裝:
表示地點的here和there位于句首時,其后用完全倒裝形式。這類倒裝句的謂語通常是動詞be和come,go等表示移動或動態(tài)的不及物動詞:
如:Here's Tom. 湯姆在這里。
There's Jim. 吉姆在那兒。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。
There goes the bell. 鈴響了。
There goes the last train. 最后一班火車開走了。
:(1)以上倒裝句中的謂語動詞come和go不能用進行時態(tài),即不能說:Here is coming the bus.
(2)若主語為代詞,則不倒裝:
如:Here I am. 我在這兒。/ 我來了。
Here it comes.它來了。
(3)其中的動詞有時也可能是stand, lie, live等表示狀態(tài)的動詞(表示存在):
如:There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墻放著一張書桌。
Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 從前有個人名叫比夫。

2、away和down等位于句首時的倒裝:
地點副詞away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up等位于句首時,其后用完全倒裝語序。這類倒裝句的謂語通常表示動態(tài)的不及物動詞:
如:Away went the runners. 賽跑選手們跑遠了。
Round and round flew the plane. 飛機盤旋著。
The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 門開了,史密斯先生進了來。
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,傘都撐起來了。
:若主語為人稱代詞,則不能用倒裝:
如:Away he went. 他跑遠了。
Down it came. 它掉了下來。
3、某些狀語或表語位于句首時的倒裝:
為了保持句子平衡或使上下文銜接緊密,有時可將狀語或表語置于句首,句中主語和謂語完全倒裝:
如:Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在這些人當中。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗戶邊坐著一個年輕人,手里拿著一本雜志。
:在表語置于句首的這類倒裝結構中,要注意其中的謂語應與其后的主語保持一致,而不是與位于句首的表語保持一致。
比較:In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只貓。
In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些貓。
4、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置于句首的倒裝:
有時為了強調(diào),可將謂語部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置于句首,從而構成倒裝:
如:Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一個古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。
Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列問題要仔細考慮。




相關高中英語知識點:部分倒裝

部分倒裝的概念:


倒裝英語句子的主語通常位于謂語動詞之前,這種語序被稱為正常語序。但有時出于修辭或某種特殊的語法結構的需要,需要將謂語動詞放在主語之前,這種語序則叫倒裝語序。主語和助動詞倒置叫部分倒裝。



部分倒裝:

1、含有否定意義的副詞位于句首時的倒裝:
在正式文體中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere等含有否定意義的副詞若位于句首,則其后要用部分倒裝:
如:I shall never forgive him./ Never shall I forgive him. 我永遠不會寬恕他。
He seldom goes out for dinner./Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃飯。
She hardly has time to listen to music./Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 他幾乎沒時間聽音樂。
He little realize show important this meetingis./Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白這個會議的重要性。
We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off./No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我們剛到機場,飛機就起飛了。
:(1)對于not…until句型,當not until…位于句首時,其后的主句要用倒裝語序:
如:He didn't leave the room until the rain stopped./Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才離開這房間。
(2)某些起副詞作用的介詞短語,由于含有否定詞,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒裝:
如:On no accounts must this switch be touched. 這個開關是絕不能觸摸的。
In[Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him. 無論如何我也不會再借錢給他了。但是,in no time(立即,馬上)位于句首時,其后無需用倒裝語序:
如:In no time he worked out the problem. 他馬上就算出了那道題。
2、“only+狀語”位于句首時的倒裝:
當一個狀語受副詞only的修飾且置于句首時,其后用部分倒裝語序:
如:Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那時他才意識到他錯了。
Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用這種方法才能把它做好。
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當他回到家里時,才知道出了什么事。
3、“so+形容詞或副詞”位于句首時的倒裝:
副詞so后接形容詞或副詞位于句首時,其后用部分倒裝:
如:So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷,我們只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我們幾乎沒法像它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 襲擊來得非常突然,我們來不及逃跑。
4、“So+助動詞+主語”倒裝:
當要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情況也同樣適合于后者,通常就要用“So+助動詞+主語”這種倒裝結構:
如:You are young and so am I. 你年輕,我也年輕。
She likes music and so do I. 她喜歡音樂,我也喜歡。
If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。
:(1)若前面提出某一否定的情況,要表示后者也屬于同樣的否定情況,則應將其中的so改為neither或nor:
如:You aren't young and neither am I. 你不年輕,我也不年輕。
She hasn't read it and nor have I. 她沒有讀它,我也沒有讀。
(2)注意該結構與表示強調(diào)或同意的“so+主語+特殊動詞”結構的區(qū)別:
如:"It was cold yesterday." "So it was."“昨天很冷。”“的確很冷。”
"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did."“爸爸,你答應過的。”“嗯,是答應過!
5、由not only…but also引出的倒裝:
當not only…but also位于句首引出句子時,not only后的句子通常用部分倒裝形式:
如:Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不僅是一位教師,而且是一位詩人。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不僅他講得更正確,也講得更不費勁了。
6、虛擬條件句省略if后構成的倒裝:
當if引導的虛擬條件從句中含有had, were, should等時,如將if省略,則要將had, were, should等移到主語前,構成倒裝句:
如:Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him. 若你昨天來,你就會見到他了。
Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么,可以給我打電話。
Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你幫助,我會仍然無家可歸。
注:省略if后提前的had不一定是助動詞:
如:Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有錢,我就會買它。


相關高中英語知識點:省略句

省略句的概念:


在英語語言中,為了使語言簡潔明了,重點突出或上下文緊密相連,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不變,這種語言現(xiàn)象稱之為省略。



簡單句中的省略


1、省略主語:
1)祈使句中的主語通常被省略。
如:(You) Open the door, please. 請開一下門。
2)其它省略主語多限于現(xiàn)成的說法。
如:(I)Thank you for your help. 謝謝你的幫助。
(It)Doesn't matter. 沒關系。
2、省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分:
如:(There is)No smoking. 禁止抽煙
(Is there)anything else? 還有其他事嗎?
(You come)This way please. 請這邊走。
(Will you)Have a smoke? 抽煙嗎?
3、省略賓語:
如:—Do you know Mr. Li? 你認識李先生嗎?
—I don't know (him.) 我不認識他
4、省略表語:
如:—Are you thirsty? 你30歲了嗎? 
—Yes, I am (thirsty). 是的,我是。
5、同時省略幾個成分:
如:—Are you feeling better now? 你覺得好些了嗎?
—(I am feeling) Much better (now) 好多了。
(I wish)Good luck(to you). 祝你好運/祝你順利。



省略句在復合句中的應用:


一、并列復合句中的省略:
并列句中后邊的分句可以省略與前邊分句中相同的成分。
如:The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy) handed it to a policeman.
這個男孩在馬路上拾起一枚硬幣并把他交給了警察。
Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry. 你的建議使我高興但使湯姆生氣。
Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary(must have been) doing her homework.
湯姆肯定一直在打籃球,瑪麗一直在寫作業(yè)。
Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao(was born) in 1963. 高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。

二、主從復合句中的省略:

1、狀語從句中的省略:一般說來省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語從句中:
1)由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引導的時間狀語從句;
2)由whether,if,unless等引導的條件狀語從句;
3)由though,although,evenif,whatever等引導的讓步狀語從句;
4)由as,than等引導的比較狀語從句;
5)由as,asif,asthough等引導的方式狀語從句。

上述狀語從句在省略時應遵循下面原則:
當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致時,可以省略狀語從句的主語和系動詞be,這時從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結構:
連詞(as,as if, once)+名詞;
連詞(though, whether, when)+形容詞;
連詞(whether, as if, while)+介詞短語;
連詞(when, while, though)+現(xiàn)在分詞;
連詞(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+過去分詞;
連詞(as if,as though)+不定式。
如:Once(he was) a worker, Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.
龐龍曾經(jīng)是個工人,現(xiàn)在變成一位著名的歌手。
Work hard when(you are) young, or you'll regret. 趁年輕要努力學習,要不然你會后悔的。
He looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something. 他到處看似乎在找什么東西。
注意
①當從句的主語和主句的賓語一致時,間或也有這樣的省略。
如:Her father told her to be careful when(she was) crossing the street. 當她過馬路時父親告訴她要當心。
②當從句的主語是it,謂語動詞中又含有系動詞be時,可以把it和系動詞be一起省略。此時構成連詞(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容詞的結構。
如:Unless(it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary. 如果沒有必要,你最好不要查字典。

2、定語從句中的省略:
1)一般說來,在限制性定語從句中,作賓語的關系代詞that,which,whom可以省略;
如:Is this reason(that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
這就是他在會上解釋他工作中粗心的原因嗎?
而在非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞which, whom不可以省略。
比較:Tom(whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.(whom可以省) 你昨天見到的湯姆病倒了。
Tom, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. (whom不可以省) 湯姆病倒了,你昨天見到他了。
2)在口語和非正式用語中,關系副詞when, where,和why經(jīng)常用that來代替,甚至還可省略。
如:This is the first time(when/that) he had trouble with the boss.
這是他第一次麻煩老板。
He wants to find a good place(where/that) we can have a picnic during the"golden week"holiday.
他想找一個能在黃金周期間野餐的好地方。
Could you tell us the reason(why/that) hewas so unhappy?
你能告訴我們他為什么如此不高興嗎?
3)當先行詞為表示方式的the way時,從句不能用how來引導,應該用that或in which,或?qū)⑺鼈內(nèi)渴÷浴?BR>如:I don't like the way(that/in which) you laugh at her.
我不喜歡你嘲笑他的行為。

3、賓語從句中的省略:
1)在及物動詞后面所接的賓語從句中,連詞that一般可以省略;但如果及物動詞后面是由that引導的兩個或兩個以上的并列的賓語從句,那么只有第一個that可以省略。
如:I think(that) the reform of the renminbi's exchangerate is necessary. 我認為人民幣兌換率的改革是必要的。
He said(that) the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order.
他說《反分裂國家法》已被通過,而且胡錦濤主席已簽署了主席令。
2)由which, when, where, how, 和why引導的賓語從句,可以全部或部分省略。
如:I know that NBA star YaoMing will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city).
我知道NBA明星要到我們城市來但我不知道他什么時候來。
He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why(he wants to move abroad)
他想搬遷到國外但他的父母想知道為什么。

4、在與suggest, request, order, advise等詞相關的名詞性從句中,須用虛擬語氣形式“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略:
如:Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year(should) last long in various forms.
法國總統(tǒng)希拉克建議中法文化年以各種各樣的形式長期持續(xù)。

5、主句省略多用于句首:
如:(It is a) Pity that I didn't go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.
很遺憾,我昨天沒有去參加瑪麗的生日聚會。

6、在答語中,主句可全部省略。
如:—Why were you absent from school last Friday?
—(I was absent from school) Because my mother was ill.
—上周五你為什么沒有上學?
—因為我媽媽病了。



動詞不定式省略:


1、保留to的場合:
(1)不定式作某些動詞的賓語時,這些動詞常見的有:
love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, try, manage等。
如:—You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant to, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
—你本該在離開前謝謝她。
—我本打算這么做,但當我就要離開的時候我卻找不到她了。
You can do it this way if you like to. 如果你想做,你可以這么做。
(2)不定式作某些動詞的賓語補足語或主語補足語時,這些動詞常見的有:
ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid, expect, order, warn 等。
如:The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. 男孩想在街上騎他的自行車,但他母親不讓。
She wants to come but her parents won't allow her to(come). 她想來,可是她父母不讓。
(3)不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語時,常見的形容詞有:
happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready 等。
如:—I will be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat? 
—Not at all. I would be happy to (look after your cat). 
—我要出差,你能幫我照顧一下我的貓嗎?
—沒關系,我很愿意。
(4)不定式作某些復合謂語時,常見結構如:be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to 等。
如:He doesn't like fish but he used to. 他現(xiàn)在不喜歡吃魚,但過去喜歡。

2、省略to的場合:

(1)主語部分有to do,系動詞is或was時,作表語的不定式通常省去to。
如:The only thing you have to do is press the button. 你必須做的惟一事情是按按鈕。
(2)作介詞but, expect, besides的賓語,前面又有實意動詞do時,不定式通常省去to。
如:He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-"independence"timetable.
他說陳水扁除了推進支持“獨立”的時間表外,什么也沒有做。
(3)主語部分暗含todo,表語中的不定式通常省去to。
如:All I want(to do) is go to school and study hard. 我想要(做)的就是上學,努力學習。
(4)當兩個或多個不定式并列時,其后的不定式符號可以省略,但有對比關系時不可省略。
如:It is easier to say than to do. 說起來容易,做起來難。
(5)在would rather...than...等結構中,不定式符號常常要省略。
如:I would rather stay at home than go to see a film. 我寧愿呆在家也不愿去看電影。
(6)在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, observe等詞后作賓語補足語時省略不定式符號to;why(not)do結構中,不定式不帶to。
如:I saw her enter the room. 我看見她進入了房間!
Why not join us? 為什么不加入到我們的行列里來呢?



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