1．____________ vt.建設(shè)；修建→____________ n．建設(shè)；建筑物
2．____________ vt.& vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助→____________ n.
3．____________ adj.積極的；肯定的；確實(shí)的
4．____________ n．移動(dòng)；運(yùn)動(dòng)；動(dòng)作→____________ v.
5．____________ adj.熱情的；熱心的→____________ n.
6．____________ adj.小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的→____________ adv.→____________ n.
7．____________ vt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄→____________ n.
8．____________ n．宇宙；世界
答案：1.construct；construction 2.contribute；contribution 3.positive 4.movement；move 5.enthusiastic；enthusiasm
6．cautious；cautiously；caution 7.reject；rejection 8.universe
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1．________________ 為……做貢獻(xiàn)或捐款；導(dǎo)致；有助于
2．________________ 除……之外；此外
3．________________ 對(duì)……要求嚴(yán)格
4．________________ 導(dǎo)致；通向
5．________________ 講得通；有意義
6．________________ 對(duì)……熱情
7．________________ 對(duì)……謹(jǐn)慎
8．________________ 態(tài)度；觀點(diǎn)；看法
答案：1.contribute to 2.apart from 3.(be) strict with
4．lead to 5.make sense 6.be enthusiastic about
7．be cautious about 8.point of view
Ⅲ.必背句型
1．____________________________of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說(shuō)得清楚。
答案：Only if you put the sun there did the movements
2．Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis______________________________.
然而哥白尼的理論卻是我們宇宙賴以建立思想的基礎(chǔ)。
答案：on which all our ideas of the universe are built
Ⅰ.品句填詞
1．The origins of the ________(宇宙)are still a mystery.
答案：universe
2．The May 4th ________(運(yùn)動(dòng)) of 1919 is very important in the history of China.
答案：movement
3．Our teacher tells us that exercise ________(有助于)to good health.
答案：contributes
4．Several ________(熱情的) young teachers have just started working at the school.
答案：enthusiastic
5．She’s got a really ________(積極的)attitude to life.
答案：positive
6．When her husband left home she felt ________(拋棄)and useless.
答案：rejected
Ⅱ.選詞填空
reject；be strict with；enthusiastic；make sense of；make sense；cautious
1．I can’t ____________________this poem，but perhaps I will if I read it again.
答案：make sense of
2．Although I ____________________ by the university, I didn’t lose heart.
答案：had been rejected
3．As she ____________ very __________________ her children, they developed a good studying habit.
答案：was；strict with
4．Only after finishing reading the passage can you find it ____________________.
答案：makes sense
5．With so many people watching him, Jim was very ________________.
答案：cautious
6. He doesn’t sound ________________ about the place, in which his parents have ever worked.
答案：enthusiastic
Ⅲ.單項(xiàng)填空
1．(2011年福州三中檢測(cè))I don’t think his reason for being late makes ________.
A．use B．sense
C．value D．cause
解析：選B�？疾閙ake構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。句意：我認(rèn)為他遲到的理由沒(méi)有道理。make sense在這里是“有道理，講得通”。
2．(2011年青島高二檢測(cè))The teacher didn’t explain the problem clearly，so many students were ________.
A．confusing B．mixing
C．confused D．mixed
解析：選C。confused感到困惑的。而mixed意為“混雜的”不合題意。
3．(2011年石家莊高二檢測(cè))Firemen said the fire was under control，but they warned that the change in weather might ________ a new fire.
A．bring in B．break out
C．result from D．lead to
解析：選D。break out爆發(fā)，相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞；result from后接原因，意為“由……引起”；lead to意為“導(dǎo)致，造成(后果)”符合題意，故選D。
4．(2011年湖州高二檢測(cè))The power station ________last year is a big one.
A．having been built B．built
C．being built D．to be built
解析：選B。考查過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。The power station與build之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也暗示了應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞形式作定語(yǔ)。注意having been built不用作定語(yǔ)。
5．(2011年河南實(shí)驗(yàn)高二檢測(cè))Only in this way ________to get there ahead of time.
A．you can hope B．you did hope
C．can you hope D．did you hope
解析：選C。句意：只有通過(guò)這種你才有希望提前到達(dá)那里。only修飾狀語(yǔ)放在句首，主句要部分倒裝，所以選C。B、D兩項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)與句意不符。
6．A small but ________ crowd cheered as the players ran onto the field.
A．energetic B．enthusiastic
C．enjoyable D．encouraged
解析：選B�？疾樾稳菰~的辨析。句意：運(yùn)動(dòng)員們進(jìn)入場(chǎng)地時(shí)，雖少卻熱情的人群歡呼起來(lái)。energetic精力旺盛的；enjoyable令人愉快的；encouraged深受鼓舞的，都不合題意。
7．I cared for none of the presents ________the wonderful bag you bought for my 12th birthday.
A．in addition to B．a(chǎn)s well as
C．in addition D．a(chǎn)part from
解析：選D。本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)的意義和用法。根據(jù)題干語(yǔ)境意義，尤其是wonderful一詞，可以推斷講話者只喜歡這件生日禮物，in addition to和as well as一樣，表示并列關(guān)系，不符合題干意義；而in addition意為“另外”，后不接賓語(yǔ)，且不符合題意；apart from意為“除……之外”。
8．Franklin’s ability to learn from observations and experience________greatly to his success in public life.
A．owed B．contributed
C．a(chǎn)ttached D．related
解析：選B。句意：富蘭克林通過(guò)觀察和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的有助于他的。“owe...to...”表示“把……歸于……”，應(yīng)該是“Franklin owed his success in public life to his ability to learn from observations and experience.”；attach...to...表示“把……附屬在……”；related是形容詞，而句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因此不恰當(dāng)。
9．—How do you________we go to Beijing for our holidays?
—I think we’d better fly there.It’s much more comfortable.
A．insist B．want
C．suppose D．suggest
解析：選D。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知，此處應(yīng)選擇suggest，意為“建議”。
10．Our students ought to ________our share to the coming college students’ sports meeting in our city.
A．contribute B．construct
C．instruct D．introduce
解析：選A�？疾閯�(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contribute意為“奉獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)”。句意：我們應(yīng)該為即將在我市舉辦的生運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)奉獻(xiàn)自己的力量。而construct意為“建設(shè)”；instruct意為“指導(dǎo)”；introduce意為“介紹”，都不符合句子語(yǔ)境意義。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Every morning my friend would stop on the way to work to have a quick breakfast with her 8yearold son.Then she__1__him off at school.They ate the same thing every morning：an egg sandwich，juice，coffee for her，and milk for him.
One day she ordered a(n)__2__breakfast.Once they finished eating and were heading out of the door，she__3__，said good morning to a homeless man sitting outside of the__4__，and gave him the breakfast she had ordered for him.He__5__her，telling her it was his first meal during the last several__6__.She couldn’t help but feel__7__and was glad she finally took__8__.
She told her son that she had seen the man every day that week there and that__9__，herself included，had offered him__10__，support，food，or drink.She__11__explained that homelessness could happen to anyone and that it was important to__12__needy people.
So her “Tradition of Kindness” __13__.Each day she and her son went on to__14__the homeless man breakfast.The__15__was kept until they moved away several years later，__16__the experience was firmly put into her son’s mind.
My friend__17__every time she tells me 高二 that this “Tradition of Kindness” goes on with her son，who remembers this__18__tradition.Now working in a company，her son stops every morning at Starbucks for a coffee and offers a homeless person a breakfast before going to the__19__.
What a great tradition that he can__20__to his children as well!
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】 一個(gè)偶然的機(jī)會(huì)，作者的朋友把一份早餐給了一個(gè)流浪者，從此她和兒子開始了給流浪者買早餐的行動(dòng)，這也成了他們的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，她的兒子參加后依然繼續(xù)著這種行動(dòng)。
1．A.sent B．dropped
C．called D．drove
解析：選B。根據(jù)句中at school可知，作者的朋友開車把兒子送到學(xué)校。drop sb.off讓……下車。
2．A.light B．expensive
C．ordinary D．extra
解析：選D。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，作者的朋友把一份早餐給了一個(gè)流浪者，這說(shuō)明那份早餐是多出來(lái)的。
3．A.stopped B．escaped
C．backed D．hid
解析：選A。作者的朋友和一個(gè)流浪者說(shuō)話并給他早餐，說(shuō)明她停了下來(lái)。
4．A.shop B．market
C．hotel D．restaurant
解析：選D。作者的朋友剛吃完早餐出來(lái)，由此可推斷那個(gè)流浪者在飯店門口。
5．A.recognized B．refused
C．thanked D．found
解析：選C。根據(jù)常理，作者的朋友給那個(gè)流浪者早餐，他應(yīng)該表示感謝。
6．A.days B．minutes
C．months D．weeks
解析：選A。根據(jù)下一段every day that week可知，這個(gè)流浪者已經(jīng)好幾天沒(méi)有吃東西了。
7．A.cold B．good
C．strange D．nervous
解析：選B。根據(jù)后半句中was glad可知，作者感到很開心。
8．A.action B．time
C．care D．effect
解析：選A。這里用短語(yǔ)take action，指的是她幫助了那個(gè)流浪者買早飯。作者的朋友每天早晨都在這里吃飯，今天是第一次給那個(gè)流浪者買早餐，所以是終于采取了行動(dòng)。
9．A.everyone B．someone
C．no one D．a(chǎn)nyone
解析：選C。根據(jù)第二段it was his first meal可知，那個(gè)星期里，在她給那個(gè)流浪者早餐前，沒(méi)有人幫助他，包括她自己在內(nèi)。
10．A.education B．information
C．comfort D．safety
解析：選C。與句中support，food，drink相應(yīng)的是comfort，指對(duì)那個(gè)流浪者的安慰。
11．A.again B．further
C．once D．first
解析：選B。根據(jù)that后面的從句可知，這是她進(jìn)一步解釋的內(nèi)容，故用further。
12．A.contact B．encourage
C．follow D．help
解析：選D。根據(jù)前半句內(nèi)容可推斷，這里指幫助貧窮的人是很重要的。
13．A.began B．existed
C．failed D．changed
解析：選A。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，作者的朋友不斷地幫助那個(gè)流浪者，說(shuō)明他們開始了做善事的傳統(tǒng)。
14．A.win B．buy
C．show D．a(chǎn)ward
解析：選B。自從第一次給流浪者買早餐后，他們繼續(xù)這種善舉，因此用buy。
15．A.promise B．a(chǎn)greement
C．order D．practice
解析：選D。這里用practice指他們給流浪者買早餐的這種行為習(xí)慣。
16．A.although B．so
C．but D．because
解析：選C。他們搬家后就中斷了這種善舉，但是這段經(jīng)歷卻深深地印在了兒子的心里。前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
17．A.cries B．jumps
C．jokes D．smiles
解析：選D。根據(jù)as后面的內(nèi)容可知，她對(duì)兒子的行為表示贊許，因此應(yīng)該保持微笑。
18．A.school B．childhood
C．youth D．a(chǎn)dulthood
解析：選B。根據(jù)第一段her 8yearold son可推斷，為流浪者提供早餐的傳統(tǒng)從她兒子童年時(shí)就開始了。
19．A.office B．cinema
C．store D．library
解析：選A。根據(jù)working in a company可知，她兒子給一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的人提供早餐后再去上班。
20．A.connect B．relate
C．pass D．move
解析：選C。根據(jù)to his children可知，作者希望他能夠把這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)也傳給他的孩子們。
Ⅴ.閱讀理解
Researchers at Oregon State University(OSU)have made important progress in work that should lead toward robots that can not only walk and run very well，but use little energy at the same time.
Studies are moving closer to designing robots that could do dangerous work，create prosthetic limbs(假肢)for humans that work much better than in the past，or even help some people who use wheelchairs to get“walking”abilities.
“Researchers have been working toward robot movement for a long time，”said Jonathan Hurst，a professor at OSU.“What we’ve done is to study what behavior is really possible for a robot.”
The movement of humans and other animals is difficult to copy.Using little energy，they can move easily over hard areas，and enjoy balance from muscles(肌肉)．They have different ways to deal with forces，such as holding something hard in place rigidly(牢牢地)，like the act of holding a cup of coffee level during a car ride.In their recent studies，the OSU researchers proved that these two_abilities are mutually exclusive(相互排斥的)．Humans deal with this problem by using pairs of muscles.For a robot，the more it’s able to do one of these tasks，the less able it is to do the other.
Presently，robots that can walk and run must be as rigid as possible while walking.But this way uses a lot of energy.The OSU researchers are working toward something that has similar or better performance，but uses far less energy，and is closer to the abilities of animals.
“So there’s no reason why we shouldn’t be able to build robots with good movement ability，”Hurst said.“Clearly this might be useful in highly dangerous situations.But I could also see great improvements possible with prosthetic limbs that work much better than present technology.”
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】 如何使機(jī)器人不但能夠走得好跑得好，而且還消耗較少的能量，這是擺在科學(xué)家面前的一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。Oregon State University的研究者們正對(duì)此進(jìn)行研究。
1．The robots being studied by researchers at OSU________.
A．a(chǎn)re successful now
B．use little energy
C．do better than before
D．can run faster than humans
解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段指出，Oregon State University的研究者們所研究的機(jī)器人仍然處于研究階段，文章只是表明取得了很大的進(jìn)步。因此，對(duì)于其性能怎么樣還很難確定。故答案選C。
2．Which of the following have researchers been studying all the time?
A．The robots’ movement.
B．The robots’ weight.
C．The robots’ sizes.
D．The robots’ walking speed.
解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的What we’ve done is to study what behavior is really possible for a robot可知，研究者們一直在研究機(jī)器人可以做哪些動(dòng)作。故答案選A。
3．The underlined words“two abilities”in Para.4 refer to________.
A．walking and running
B．walking and holding
C．moving and using little energy
D．moving and balancing
解析：選D。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第四段的Using little energy，they can move easily over hard areas，and enjoy balance from muscles.可知，人類和動(dòng)物在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)能夠保持身體平衡，因此，后面提到的這兩項(xiàng)能力就是指的這兩項(xiàng)。故答案選D。
4．According to Jonathan Hurst，we know that robots with good movement ability________.
A．can be used in medical science
B．a(chǎn)re only used in highly dangerous situations
C．will hardly be created in the future
D．will have a bad influence on man
解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Jonathan Hurst所說(shuō)的話，很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)，制造出這樣的機(jī)器人不是不可能，它們將有助于高危險(xiǎn)區(qū)作業(yè)，也可用于假肢方面(醫(yī)學(xué))。故答案選A。
5．Which section of a newspaper is this passage probably taken from?
A．Business. B．Science.
C．Environment. D．Advertisement.
解析：選B。文章出處題。該文介紹了Oregon State University的研究者們對(duì)機(jī)器人的最新研究，因此該文最有可能從與科學(xué)相關(guān)的欄目中摘選，故選B。
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